The Negative Impact of Excessive Screen Time on Language Development in Children Under 6-Years-Old: An Integrative Review with Screen Time Reduction Toolkit and Presentation for Outpatient Pediatric and Family Health Providers

Background. Increased amounts of recreational screen time, defined as time watching television and DVDs, playing videogames, and using computers, tablets, and cellular phones without academic purpose, and the lack of effective media use assessment and patient education being done by primary care providers is associated with increased risk of language developmental delays for young children under 6-years-old. Purpose. The purpose of this integrative review is to develop a toolkit that provides education for providers and families on the adverse effects of excessive screen time on language development in children younger than 6-years-old and evidence-based screen time reduction strategies that can be implemented in outpatient primary care clinics at all wellness visits. Toolkit and Presentation. An integrative review was conducted to describe the effects of excessive screen time on language development for children under age 6 and analyze interventions to decrease screen time. From these results, the Screen Time Reduction Toolkit was created. The toolkit includes the 2-Question Assessment for Screen Time (2-QAST), screen time reduction algorithm, provider and patient education on health risks associated with excessive screen time, screen time recommendations published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and evidence-based screen time reduction strategies, provider resources, and patient education handouts. The integrative review findings and toolkit were presented to a group of local pediatric providers, nurses, and medical technicians for education and implementation. Outcomes/Discussion. The pre-presentation survey was created after the Health Belief Model (HBM), which served as the framework for this educational intervention. Staff members had high perceived seriousness (83%), perceived susceptibility (83%), and perceived benefit (100%), demonstrating that staff members’ attitudes and beliefs about screen time for young children were in agreement with the principles of this project. Barriers identified included lack of knowledge about health risks from excessive screen time, potential for parental resistance to screen time reduction advice, and time constraints during wellness visits. Regarding cues to action, staff members requested visual aids, handouts, and more education about screen time. The toolkit and patient education resources reduce barriers and address cues to action identified by the staff members. The post-presentation evaluation revealed that 100% of staff members found the toolkit presentation informative and said it increased their knowledge and understanding of the topic. Conclusion. The toolkit provides the education that providers need to be knowledgeable as well as confident in their ability to discuss screen time with families. Being consistent about providing a few minutes of screen time education at every wellness visit from 2-months-old to 5-years-old sets a solid foundation for parents and children to create healthier screen time habits at home

Social Media in Southeast Italy

Why is social media in southeast Italy so predictable when it is used by such a range of different people? This book describes the impact of social media on the population of a town in the southern region of Puglia, Italy. Razvan Nicolescu spent 15 months living among the town’s residents, exploring what it means to be an individual on social media. Why do people from this region conform on platforms that are designed for personal expression

La identidad glocal de los hablantes nativos de turco en Twitter: edad y genero

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, Departamento de Filología Inglesa, leída el 21/12/2017Today, there are 3.77 billion internet users, 2.80 billion social media users, 4.92 billion mobile users and 2.56 billion mobile social media users worldwide (Kemp, 2017). How can someone differentiate oneself from this huge pack and stand out or do the opposite, show that they belong to a specific community? Without a doubt, the use of language in computer mediated communication (CMC) has an important effect on online self-presentation. When people speak, they do not only exchange information but also give information about themselves and how they relate to the world (Northrup, 2013). Is the way teenagers and middle-aged adults, and women and men use language in social networking sites to project their online global and local identities same or different? This research has attempted to answer these questions for native speakers of Turkish. It is evident that language plays an essential role in online identity presentation in CMC. Prior studies have noted the importance of language in CMC and the electronic revolution (Crystal, 2006)with the information and communication technologies but little importance has been given to the Turkish language in CMC. This study attempts to fill in this gap in literature by analysing Turkish people’s posts in Twitter. English is used as an international and global language and it has become the preferred language of online communication (Rosenhouse & Kowner, 2008). Currently, English is the most commonly taught second language in Turkey (Bayyurt, 2006; 2012) and connects Turkey to the outside world. In this research, the use of English by Turkish native people in CMC explored, with a focus on language contact phenomena. Words taken from English and used in Turkish language are taken as lexical borrowings and English phrases used in Turkish posts are analysed as code-switches. Until now, little importance has been given to the use of English by Turkish people. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine Turkish people lexical borrowing from English, types of lexical borrowings; cultural and core borrowings, borrowing lexical items; nouns, verbs and other items, code-switching to English, types of code-switching: inter-sentential code-switching and intra-sentential code-switching, and the contents of the posts in which Turkish people prefer using English instead of Turkish with respect to two variables: age and gender...Hoy en día, hay 3,770 millones de usuarios de Internet, 2,80 millones de usuarios de redes sociales, 4,92 millones de usuarios de móviles y 2,56 millones de usuarios de redes sociales móviles en todo el mundo (Kemp, 2017). ¿Cómo puede alguien diferenciarse de este enorme grupo y destacarse? ¿O hacer lo contrario, demostrar que pertenecen a una comunidad específica? Sin lugar a dudas, el uso del lenguaje en la comunicación mediada por ordenador (en inglés Computer Mediated Comunication, CMC) tiene un efecto importante en la auto presentación en línea. Cuando la gente habla, no sólo intercambia información, sino que también da información sobre sí misma y cómo se relaciona con el mundo (Northrup, 2013). ¿Utilizan de la misma manera el lenguaje los adolescentes y los adultos de mediana edad y las mujeres y los hombres el lenguaje en las redes sociales para proyectar sus identidades globales y locales en línea? Esta investigación ha intentado responder a estas preguntas respecto a los hablantes nativos del idioma turco. Es evidente que el lenguaje desempeña un papel esencial en la presentación de la identidad en línea en la comunicación mediada por ordenador. Estudios previos han señalado la importancia del lenguaje en la comunicación mediada por ordenador y la revolución electrónica (Crystal, 2006) con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, pero apenas existen estudios de este tipo relativos al idioma turco. Este estudio intenta comenzar a superar esa laguna en la literatura analizando los mensajes (tweets) de los hablantes nativos de turco en Twitter. El inglés se utiliza como un lenguaje internacional y global y se ha convertido en el idioma preferido en la comunicación en línea (Rosenhouse&Kowner, 2008). Actualmente, el inglés es el segundo idioma más utilizado en Turquía (Bayyurt, 2006; 2012) y conecta a Turquía con el mundo exterior. En esta investigación, se explica el uso del inglés en la comunicación mediada por ordenador por los nativos turcos en tanto que un fenómeno de contacto. Las palabras tomadas del inglés y utilizadas en el idioma turco en la interacción mediada por ordenador se toman como préstamos léxicos, y las frases en inglés que se utilizan en los mensajes turcos se analizan como cambio de código (code-switching, CS). Hasta ahora, se ha dado poca importancia al uso del inglés por los turcos. Este estudio examina los préstamos léxicos del turco al inglés, los tipos de préstamos léxicos; préstamos culturales (en inglés cultural borrowing) y básicos (en inglés core borrowing), es decir, préstamos de elementos léxicos (sustantivos y verbos) al inglés, tipos de cambios de código: – inter- e intra-oracional –, y contenidos de los mensajes en los que los turcos prefieren usar el inglés en lugar del turco con respecto a dos variables: la edad y el género...Depto. de Estudios Ingleses: Lingüística y LiteraturaFac. de FilologíaTRUEunpu

Gender analysis for sustainable livelihoods and participatory governance in Rwanda

This research was conducted by Institute of Policy Analysis and Research in Collaboration with Oxfam International, RwandaOxfam International, Rwand

Social Media Use, Media Credibility and Online Engagement Among Young Adults in China

Drawing on data collected online in China, this dissertation consists of four studies that deal – from different angles – with relationships between media use and repertoires, traditional and social media credibility, and online engagement in politics, culture, and health among young adults. In a nutshell, I investigated how much young adults trust the various media outlets at their disposal and how this affects behaviors and forms of engagement vis-à-vis topical issues in the fields of politics, culture and health in the country’s contemporary media environ