7,138 research outputs found

    Moving beyond e-journals

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    Paul Ayris explains to Elspeth Hyams why scholarly communication has moved beyond the debate on e-journals pricing and open access

    Audiovisual preservation strategies, data models and value-chains

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    This is a report on preservation strategies, models and value-chains for digital file-based audiovisual content. The report includes: (a)current and emerging value-chains and business-models for audiovisual preservation;(b) a comparison of preservation strategies for audiovisual content including their strengths and weaknesses, and(c) a review of current preservation metadata models, and requirements for extension to support audiovisual files

    Time Is Of The Essence: Foundations And The Policies Of Limited Life And Endowment Spend-Down

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    In contrast to congressional hearings and proposed punitive legislation, we consider the present and past proposition that institutions, especially nonprofit foundations, opt voluntarily and by decision to spend down endowments. And, by extension, for many cases, it includes consideration that boards and donors may wish to plan for deliberate dissolution of funds or foundations to coincide with a fixed, finite target date for addressing solutions to specific foundation programs and agenda items

    Spending Out - Making It Happen

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    While it may be of interest to a wider audience, this companion guide is focused on the practicalities of spending out and targeted at those foundations that have decided this is the path for them. By sharing the practical experience of those who are well into the process or have already completed it, we hope to make it easier for others wishing to follow in their footsteps

    Greater Milwaukee Foundation - 2008 Annual Report

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    Contains mission statement; message from the board chair and the president; profiles of donors, grantees, and leaders; program and fund information; financial statements; grants list; and lists of partner foundations, board members, and staff

    Latin American and Spanish online videos: vendor offerings for US academic libraries

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    Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the availability and features of Latin American and Spanish online videos available through video vendors and other providers to US academic libraries. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines US, Spanish, and Latin American video vendors that offer online videos about and/or are produced in Latin America and Spain. The study focuses on: content, technical aspects, and terms of purchase. For video vendors providing digital delivery systems, searching capabilities and special features are also analyzed. The paper also evaluates video providers interested in working with academic libraries. The availability of videos integrated in major multimedia databases is also explored. Findings – The paper concludes that the Spanish and Latin American online video marketplace for academic libraries is still emerging, especially for those video vendors located abroad. The relatively small number of offerings are mostly documentaries. Streaming via internet protocol access is the most common way of delivery. Term licenses are standard and access is allowed both off-campus and on-campus. Originality/value – Little research has been done on the availability of Latin American and Spanish online videos. This research would be especially useful for librarians responsible for collection development in these subject areas

    Effective Altruism: How Big Should the Tent Be?

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    The effective altruism movement (EA) is one of the most influential philosophically savvy movements to emerge in recent years. Effective Altruism has historically been dedicated to finding out what charitable giving is the most overall-effective, that is, the most effective at promoting or maximizing the impartial good. But some members of EA want the movement to be more inclusive, allowing its members to give in the way that most effectively promotes their values, even when doing so isn’t overall-effective. When we examine what it means to give according to one’s values, I argue, we will see that this is both inconsistent with what EA is like now and inconsistent with its central philosophical commitment to an objective standard that can be used to critically analyze one’s giving. While EA is not merely synonymous with act utilitarianism, it cannot be much more inclusive than it is right now

    Serial Defaults, Serial Profits: Returns to Sovereign Lending in Habsburg Spain, 1566-1600

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    Philip II of Spain accumulated debts equivalent to 60% of GDP. He also defaulted four times on his short-term loans, thus becoming the first serial defaulter in history. Contrary to a common view in the literature, we show that lending to the king was profitable even under worst-case scenario assumptions. Lenders maintained long-term relationships with the crown. Losses sustained during defaults were more than compensated by profits in normal times. Defaults were not catastrophic events. In effect, short-term lending acted as an insurance mechanism, allowing the king to reduce his payments in harsh times in exchange for paying a premium in tranquil periods.sovereign debt; serial default; rate of return; profitability; Spain

    The Transformation of American Philanthropy: From Public Trust to Private Foundation, 1785-1917

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    This dissertation examines the early history of philanthropic enterprise in the United States. I use the legal and administrative records of nineteenth-century philanthropic foundations, as well as the popular debates they inspired amongst legislators and social reformers, to argue that American philanthropy did not begin as a “private” practice outside of government. Rather, public officials, reformers, and the wealthy collaborated and competed to utilize and regulate the administration of private wealth for public works. As Americans moved away from the early modern system of European patronage that prioritized the private funding of public works, they created public-private partnerships to distribute private wealth for national development. I demonstrate that the nation’s first major philanthropic institutions—from Congress’ creation of the Smithsonian Institution (1846) to the chartering of the Rockefeller Foundation (1913)—developed as public-private partnerships that worked across business, benevolence and governance. It was only in the twentieth century, that philanthropy became the purview of private foundations that operated with little government oversight. Philanthropic enterprise has been at the center of American state and economic development from the very beginning. While historians have credited later, Progressive-Era foundations, including the Russell Sage Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, and the Rockefeller Foundation, with adapting the financial and legal technologies of corporate capitalism to create the nation’s first foundations, my research shows that these philanthropists based their strategies on the Smithsonian. The Smithsonian was the true archetype for American foundations; its legal form laid the groundwork for the expansive corporate privileges we associate with modern philanthropy. Congress itself decided how to regulate the Smithsonian—choosing between operating it as a government agency, a quasi-governmental institution, or a private foundation. In the end, Congress made the Smithsonian a “public trust,” meaning that its capital came from a private trust, but public officials managed it for a distinctly public purpose. Government officials populated its board, while private citizens served in leadership roles. This model made the Smithsonian and future public trusts more powerful with their proximity to government officials, but it also imbued private wealth with an explicitly public character. George Peabody adapted this model to promote public education in the South during Reconstruction, and in the Gilded Age, Rockefeller and Carnegie created public trusts to fund agricultural development and scientific research. By the twentieth century, the public-trust model would change dramatically though. Philanthropists came to see themselves as trustees for the nation, rather than mere contributors of public benefactions. While the founders of public trusts envisioned government officials as the trustees of the funds they created, with the rise of corporate capitalism, wealth increasingly became its own source of power in American society—a source that could aggregate capital and outspend state entities on social welfare. Under these conditions, increasing pressure from philanthropists and public officials to separate their public works from their business operations and from the government, I argue, led to the rise of a new species of corporation more akin to the private foundations we know today. This transformation of American philanthropy marks a critical shift in the regulatory vision for private wealth for public works. Amidst twenty-first-century debates about the corroding impact of private wealth on democratic institutions, this history offers an account of the alternative regulatory visions that Americans have had for philanthropy—from the very beginning.PHDAmerican CultureUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137152/1/harmone_1.pd
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