112 research outputs found
ArCo: the Italian Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graph
ArCo is the Italian Cultural Heritage knowledge graph, consisting of a
network of seven vocabularies and 169 million triples about 820 thousand
cultural entities. It is distributed jointly with a SPARQL endpoint, a software
for converting catalogue records to RDF, and a rich suite of documentation
material (testing, evaluation, how-to, examples, etc.). ArCo is based on the
official General Catalogue of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and
Activities (MiBAC) - and its associated encoding regulations - which collects
and validates the catalogue records of (ideally) all Italian Cultural Heritage
properties (excluding libraries and archives), contributed by CH administrators
from all over Italy. We present its structure, design methods and tools, its
growing community, and delineate its importance, quality, and impact
Pattern-based design applied to cultural heritage knowledge graphs
Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) have become an established and recognised
practice for guaranteeing good quality ontology engineering. There are several
ODP repositories where ODPs are shared as well as ontology design methodologies
recommending their reuse. Performing rigorous testing is recommended as well
for supporting ontology maintenance and validating the resulting resource
against its motivating requirements. Nevertheless, it is less than
straightforward to find guidelines on how to apply such methodologies for
developing domain-specific knowledge graphs. ArCo is the knowledge graph of
Italian Cultural Heritage and has been developed by using eXtreme Design (XD),
an ODP- and test-driven methodology. During its development, XD has been
adapted to the need of the CH domain e.g. gathering requirements from an open,
diverse community of consumers, a new ODP has been defined and many have been
specialised to address specific CH requirements. This paper presents ArCo and
describes how to apply XD to the development and validation of a CH knowledge
graph, also detailing the (intellectual) process implemented for matching the
encountered modelling problems to ODPs. Relevant contributions also include a
novel web tool for supporting unit-testing of knowledge graphs, a rigorous
evaluation of ArCo, and a discussion of methodological lessons learned during
ArCo development
The Landscape of Ontology Reuse Approaches
Ontology reuse aims to foster interoperability and facilitate knowledge
reuse. Several approaches are typically evaluated by ontology engineers when
bootstrapping a new project. However, current practices are often motivated by
subjective, case-by-case decisions, which hamper the definition of a
recommended behaviour. In this chapter we argue that to date there are no
effective solutions for supporting developers' decision-making process when
deciding on an ontology reuse strategy. The objective is twofold: (i) to survey
current approaches to ontology reuse, presenting motivations, strategies,
benefits and limits, and (ii) to analyse two representative approaches and
discuss their merits
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Linked Data for the Humanities: methods and techniques
So far, the impact of Linked Data in the Library and Cultural Heritage domain has been significant and testified by large scale efforts such as the one of Europeana. However, at a closer look, the impact of Semantic Web research on the Humanities has been discontinuous. Foundational techniques and methods developed by the SW community are still perceived as esoteric by many DH practitioners. In addition, more recent approaches have not been disseminated yet in the DH community. we propose a half-day tutorial on LD methods and techniques, to present the theoretical and technical foundations of Linked Data, to provide a reference collection of reusable tools to boost an effective adoption of LD in DH projects, and to showcase a set of innovative methods for extracting and linking data from texts
DDB-KG: The German Bibliographic Heritage in a Knowledge Graph
Under the German governmentâs initiative âNEUSTART Kulturâ, the German Digital Library or Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek (DDB) is undergoing improvements to enhance user-experience. As an initial step, emphasis is placed on creating a knowledge graph from the bibliographic record collection of the DDB.
This paper discusses the challenges facing the DDB in terms of retrieval and the solutions in addressing them. In particular, limitations of the current data model or ontology to represent bibliographic metadata is analyzed through concrete examples. This study presents the complete ontological mapping from DDB-Europeana Data Model (DDB-EDM) to FaBiO, and a prototype of the DDB-KG made available as a SPARQL endpoint. The suitabiliy of the target ontology is demonstrated with SPARQL queries formulated from competency question
Modelling Archival Hierarchies in Practice: Key Aspects and Lessons Learned
An increasing number of archival institutions aim to provide public access to historical documents.
Ontologies have been designed, developed and utilised to model the archival description of historical
documents and to enable interoperability between different information sources. However, due to the
heterogeneous nature of archives and archival systems, current ontologies for the representation of
archival content do not always cover all existing structural organisation forms equally well. After briefly
contextualising the heterogeneity in the hierarchical structure of German archives, this paper describes
and evaluates differences between two archival ontologies, ArDO and RiC-O, and their approaches to
modelling hierarchy levels and archive dynamics
The Archaeo-Term Project: Multilingual Terminology in Archaeology
In this paper, we present the Archaeo-Term Project, along with one of its first efforts in enhancing multilingual access to Archaeological data, making available a resource of Archaeological terms within the framework of YourTerm CULT project. In order to enhance and promote the use of a terminological common ground across different languages the Archaeo-Term multilingual Glossary is intended both for scholars, experts in the field, translators and the general public. Its first release contains terms in Italian, English, German, Spanish and Dutch together with PoS, definitions and other linguistic information. This paper presents the data and the methodology adopted to create the glossary as well as the evaluation of the first results
Modelling Archival Hierarchies in Practice: Key Aspects and Lessons Learned
An increasing number of archival institutions aim to provide public access to historical documents. Ontologies have been designed, developed and utilised to model the archival description of historical documents and to enable interoperability between different information sources. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of archives and archival systems, current ontologies for the representation of archival content do not always cover all existing structural organisation forms equallywell. After briefly contextualising the heterogeneity in the hierarchical structure of German archives, this paper describes and evaluates differences between two archival ontologies, ArDO and RiC-O, and their approaches to modelling hierarchy levels and archive dynamics
VISCOUNTH: A Large-Scale Multilingual Visual Question Answering Dataset for Cultural Heritage
Visual question answering has recently been settled as a fundamental multi-modal reasoning task of artificial intelligence that allows users to get information about visual content by asking questions in natural language. In the cultural heritage domain this task can contribute to assist visitors in museums and cultural sites, thus increasing engagement. However, the development of visual question answering models for cultural heritage is prevented by the lack of suitable large-scale datasets. To meet this demand, we built a large-scale heterogeneous and multilingual (Italian and English) dataset for cultural heritage that comprises approximately 500K Italian cultural assets and 6.5M question-answer pairs. We propose a novel formulation of the task that requires reasoning over both the visual content and an associated natural language description, and present baselines for this task. Results show that the current state of the art is reasonably effective, but still far from satisfactory, therefore further research is this area is recommended. Nonetheless, we also present a holistic baseline to address visual and contextual questions and foster future research on the topic
Chapter H-BIM semantico come strumento di documentazione inclusiva e accesso al Nuovo Catalogo Digitale dei Beni Culturali: il caso studio di Santa Maria delle Vergini a Macerata
The 43rd UID conference, held in Genova, takes up the theme of âDialoguesâ as practice and debate on many fundamental topics in our social life, especially in these complex and not yet resolved times. The city of Genova offers the opportunity to ponder on the value of comparison and on the possibilities for the community, naturally focused on the aspects that concern us, as professors, researchers, disseminators of knowledge, or on all the possibile meanings of the discipline of representation and its dialogue with âothersâ, which we have broadly catalogued in three macro areas: History, Semiotics, Science / Technology. Therefore, âdialogueâ as a profitable exchange based on a common language, without which it is impossible to comprehend and understand one another; and the graphic sign that connotes the conference is the precise transcription of this concept: the title âtranslatedâ into signs, derived from the visual alphabet designed for the visual identity of the UID since 2017. There are many topics which refer to three macro sessions: - Witnessing (signs and history) - Communicating (signs and semiotics) - Experimenting (signs and sciences) Thanks to the different points of view, an exceptional resource of our disciplinary area, we want to try to outline the prevailing theoretical-operational synergies, the collaborative lines of an instrumental nature, the recent updates of the repertoires of images that attest and nourish the relations among representation, history, semiotics, sciences
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