10,627 research outputs found
Approximate Set Union Via Approximate Randomization
We develop an randomized approximation algorithm for the size of set union
problem \arrowvert A_1\cup A_2\cup...\cup A_m\arrowvert, which given a list
of sets with approximate set size for with , and biased random generators
with Prob(x=\randomElm(A_i))\in \left[{1-\alpha_L\over |A_i|},{1+\alpha_R\over
|A_i|}\right] for each input set and element where . The approximation ratio for \arrowvert A_1\cup A_2\cup...\cup
A_m\arrowvert is in the range for any , where
. The complexity of the algorithm
is measured by both time complexity, and round complexity. The algorithm is
allowed to make multiple membership queries and get random elements from the
input sets in one round. Our algorithm makes adaptive accesses to input sets
with multiple rounds. Our algorithm gives an approximation scheme with
O(\setCount\cdot(\log \setCount)^{O(1)}) running time and rounds,
where is the number of sets. Our algorithm can handle input sets that can
generate random elements with bias, and its approximation ratio depends on the
bias. Our algorithm gives a flexible tradeoff with time complexity
O\left(\setCount^{1+\xi}\right) and round complexity for any
Approximate Set Union via Approximate Randomization
We develop an randomized approximation algorithm for the size of set union problem |A1 U A2 U...UAm|, which given a list of sets A1,...,Am with approximate set size m i for Ai with mi ∈ ((1–βL)|A i|,(1+βR)|Ai|), and biased random generators with Prob(x = RandomElement(Ai)) ∈ [1–a L/Ai, 1 +aR/Ai] for each input set Ai and element x ∈ Ai, where i = 1,2,...,m. The approximation |Ai | |Ai | ratio for |A1 U A2 U...UAm| is in the range [(1–ϵ)(1–aL)(1–βL),(1+ϵ)(1+β R)(1+βR)] for any ϵ ∈ (0,1), where α L,αR,βL,βR ∈ (0,1). The complexity of the algorithm is measured by both time complexity, and round complexity. The algorithm is allowed to make multiple membership queries and get random elements from the input sets in one round. Our algorithm makes adaptive accesses to input sets with multiple rounds. Our algorithm gives an approximation scheme with O(m˙(logm) O(1)) running time and O(logm) rounds, where m is the number of sets. Our algorithm can handle input sets that can generate random elements with bias, and its approximation ratio depends on the bias. Our algorithm gives a flexible tradeoff with time complexity O m1 and round complexity O 1 for any (0, 1). We prove that our algorithm runs sublinear in time under certain condition that each element in A 1 U A2 U ... U Am belong to ma for any fixed a \u3e 0. A O r(r + l|)3l3d4 running time dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to deal with an interesting problem in number theory area that is to count the number of lattice points in a d—dimensional ball Bd( r,p,d) of radius r with center at p ∈ D(λ,d,l), where D(λ, d,l) = {(x1,˙˙˙ , xd) : (x1,˙˙˙ ,xd) with xk = ik + jkλ for an integer jk ∈ [–l, l], and another arbitrary integer ik for k = 1,2,...,d.} We prove that it is #P-hard to count the number of lattice points in a set of balls, and we also show that there is no polynomial time algorithm to approximate the number of lattice points in the intersection of n-dimenisonal k-degree balls unless P=NP
Approximate Randomization of Quantum States With Fewer Bits of Key
Randomization of quantum states is the quantum analogue of the classical
one-time pad. We present an improved, efficient construction of an
approximately randomizing map that uses O(d/epsilon^2) Pauli operators to map
any d-dimensional state to a state that is within trace distance epsilon of the
completely mixed state. Our bound is a log d factor smaller than that of
Hayden, Leung, Shor, and Winter (2004), and Ambainis and Smith (2004).
Then, we show that a random sequence of essentially the same number of
unitary operators, chosen from an appropriate set, with high probability form
an approximately randomizing map for d-dimensional states. Finally, we discuss
the optimality of these schemes via connections to different notions of
pseudorandomness, and give a new lower bound for small epsilon.Comment: 18 pages, Quantum Computing Back Action, IIT Kanpur, March 2006,
volume 864 of AIP Conference Proceedings, pages 18--36. Springer, New Yor
Approximating the Held-Karp Bound for Metric TSP in Nearly Linear Time
We give a nearly linear time randomized approximation scheme for the
Held-Karp bound [Held and Karp, 1970] for metric TSP. Formally, given an
undirected edge-weighted graph on edges and , the
algorithm outputs in time, with high probability, a
-approximation to the Held-Karp bound on the metric TSP instance
induced by the shortest path metric on . The algorithm can also be used to
output a corresponding solution to the Subtour Elimination LP. We substantially
improve upon the running time achieved previously
by Garg and Khandekar. The LP solution can be used to obtain a fast randomized
-approximation for metric TSP which improves
upon the running time of previous implementations of Christofides' algorithm
Coresets Meet EDCS: Algorithms for Matching and Vertex Cover on Massive Graphs
As massive graphs become more prevalent, there is a rapidly growing need for
scalable algorithms that solve classical graph problems, such as maximum
matching and minimum vertex cover, on large datasets. For massive inputs,
several different computational models have been introduced, including the
streaming model, the distributed communication model, and the massively
parallel computation (MPC) model that is a common abstraction of
MapReduce-style computation. In each model, algorithms are analyzed in terms of
resources such as space used or rounds of communication needed, in addition to
the more traditional approximation ratio.
In this paper, we give a single unified approach that yields better
approximation algorithms for matching and vertex cover in all these models. The
highlights include:
* The first one pass, significantly-better-than-2-approximation for matching
in random arrival streams that uses subquadratic space, namely a
-approximation streaming algorithm that uses space
for constant .
* The first 2-round, better-than-2-approximation for matching in the MPC
model that uses subquadratic space per machine, namely a
-approximation algorithm with memory per
machine for constant .
By building on our unified approach, we further develop parallel algorithms
in the MPC model that give a -approximation to matching and an
-approximation to vertex cover in only MPC rounds and
memory per machine. These results settle multiple open
questions posed in the recent paper of Czumaj~et.al. [STOC 2018]
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