5,883 research outputs found
Aeronautical Engineering: A special bibliography with indexes, supplement 54
This bibliography lists 316 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in January 1975
Integrated helicopter survivability
A high level of survivability is important to protect military personnel and equipment and is
central to UK defence policy. Integrated Survivability is the systems engineering
methodology to achieve optimum survivability at an affordable cost, enabling a mission to
be completed successfully in the face of a hostile environment. “Integrated Helicopter
Survivability” is an emerging discipline that is applying this systems engineering approach
within the helicopter domain. Philosophically the overall survivability objective is ‘zero
attrition’, even though this is unobtainable in practice.
The research question was: “How can helicopter survivability be assessed in an integrated
way so that the best possible level of survivability can be achieved within the constraints and
how will the associated methods support the acquisition process?”
The research found that principles from safety management could be applied to the
survivability problem, in particular reducing survivability risk to as low as reasonably
practicable (ALARP). A survivability assessment process was developed to support this
approach and was linked into the military helicopter life cycle. This process positioned the
survivability assessment methods and associated input data derivation activities.
The system influence diagram method was effective at defining the problem and capturing
the wider survivability interactions, including those with the defence lines of development
(DLOD). Influence diagrams and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methods were
effective visual tools to elicit stakeholder requirements and improve communication across
organisational and domain boundaries.
The semi-quantitative nature of the QFD method leads to numbers that are not real. These
results are suitable for helping to prioritise requirements early in the helicopter life cycle, but
they cannot provide the quantifiable estimate of risk needed to demonstrate ALARP. The probabilistic approach implemented within the Integrated Survivability Assessment
Model (ISAM) was developed to provide a quantitative estimate of ‘risk’ to support the
approach of reducing survivability risks to ALARP. Limitations in available input data for
the rate of encountering threats leads to a probability of survival that is not a real number that
can be used to assess actual loss rates. However, the method does support an assessment
across platform options, provided that the ‘test environment’ remains consistent throughout
the assessment. The survivability assessment process and ISAM have been applied to an
acquisition programme, where they have been tested to support the survivability decision
making and design process.
The survivability ‘test environment’ is an essential element of the survivability assessment
process and is required by integrated survivability tools such as ISAM. This test
environment, comprising of threatening situations that span the complete spectrum of
helicopter operations requires further development. The ‘test environment’ would be used
throughout the helicopter life cycle from selection of design concepts through to test and
evaluation of delivered solutions. It would be updated as part of the through life capability
management (TLCM) process.
A framework of survivability analysis tools requires development that can provide
probabilistic input data into ISAM and allow derivation of confidence limits. This systems
level framework would be capable of informing more detailed survivability design work
later in the life cycle and could be enabled through a MATLAB® based approach.
Survivability is an emerging system property that influences the whole system capability.
There is a need for holistic capability level analysis tools that quantify survivability along
with other influencing capabilities such as: mobility (payload / range), lethality, situational
awareness, sustainability and other mission capabilities.
It is recommended that an investigation of capability level analysis methods across defence
should be undertaken to ensure a coherent and compliant approach to systems engineering
that adopts best practice from across the domains. Systems dynamics techniques should be
considered for further use by Dstl and the wider MOD, particularly within the survivability
and operational analysis domains. This would improve understanding of the problem space,
promote a more holistic approach and enable a better balance of capability, within which
survivability is one essential element.
There would be value in considering accidental losses within a more comprehensive
‘survivability’ analysis. This approach would enable a better balance to be struck between
safety and survivability risk mitigations and would lead to an improved, more integrated
overall design
MITT writer and MITT writer advanced development: Developing authoring and training systems for complex technical domains
MITT Writer is a software system for developing computer based training for complex technical domains. A training system produced by MITT Writer allows a student to learn and practice troubleshooting and diagnostic skills. The MITT (Microcomputer Intelligence for Technical Training) architecture is a reasonable approach to simulation based diagnostic training. MITT delivers training on available computing equipment, delivers challenging training and simulation scenarios, and has economical development and maintenance costs. A 15 month effort was undertaken in which the MITT Writer system was developed. A workshop was also conducted to train instructors in how to use MITT Writer. Earlier versions were used to develop an Intelligent Tutoring System for troubleshooting the Minuteman Missile Message Processing System
U.S. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVS) and Network Centric Warfare (NCW) impacts on combat aviation tactics from Gulf War I through 2007 Iraq
Unmanned, aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an increasingly important element of many modern militaries. Their success on battlefields in Afghanistan, Iraq, and around the globe has driven demand for a variety of types of unmanned vehicles. Their proven value consists in low risk and low cost, and their capabilities include persistent surveillance, tactical and combat reconnaissance, resilience, and dynamic re-tasking. This research evaluates past, current, and possible future operating environments for several UAV platforms to survey the changing dynamics of combat-aviation tactics and make recommendations regarding UAV employment scenarios to the Turkish military. While UAVs have already established their importance in military operations, ongoing evaluations of UAV operating environments, capabilities, technologies, concepts, and organizational issues inform the development of future systems. To what extent will UAV capabilities increasingly define tomorrow's missions, requirements, and results in surveillance and combat tactics? Integrating UAVs and concepts of operations (CONOPS) on future battlefields is an emergent science. Managing a transition from manned- to unmanned and remotely piloted aviation platforms involves new technological complexity and new aviation personnel roles, especially for combat pilots. Managing a UAV military transformation involves cultural change, which can be measured in decades.http://archive.org/details/usunmannedaerial109454211Turkish Air Force authors.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 182, July 1978
This bibliography lists 165 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in June 1978
CHINA’S NUCLEAR MODERNIZATION: ASSESSING STRATEGY AND INADVERTENT ESCALATION
Chinese nuclear modernization has continued since China became a nuclear weapons state in 1964. As China’s nuclear arsenal and nuclear-related infrastructure progressed, Chinese declaratory strategies of active defense and no-first-use (NFU) have remained resolute. This thesis examines how Chinese strategies may or may not be driving China’s nuclear modernization from the years 2000 through 2020. In order to determine the extent to which strategy has influenced China’s nuclear modernization, this thesis explores Chinese nuclear capabilities, training and exercises, and declaratory policy. Additionally, this thesis also addresses the prospect of Chinese nuclear escalation based on related theoretical approaches.
After taking into account each factor considered for China’s nuclear modernization, this thesis concludes that China’s nuclear modernization is not solely driven by its existing strategies of NFU or active defense. Though China remains consistent in advertising its espoused strategies, its nuclear modernization raises some concerns regarding its continued adherence to NFU. Additionally, Chinese ambiguity of strategy and more forward-leaning modernization suggests that active defense incorporates both deterrence and, now, the potential use of nuclear weapons to achieve coercive outcomes. Due to China’s robust nuclear modernization that has resulted in additional warfighting options, this thesis finds that escalation across the nuclear threshold is more likely.Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited
Outside the fence,\u27 the threat to the U.S. Aviation Industry
The purpose of this thesis was to examine the threat to the Aviation Industry from within the United States. The overall investigation starts with one assumption “that there will at some time in the near future be a covert operative group that desires to attack or engage the United States in war on its home land.” The principles of war will be analyzed resulting in covert cell guidance specifically; “economy of force” will require the covert units to be as small as possible to affect as many nodes as possible. Endurance will require the covert team to restrict any tactics that would be high risk, and would prohibit the use of suicide tactics. There has also been a redefinition of warfare in the last several years. What has emerged is a form of unrestricted warfare. The covert cell may abide by the principles of war while engaging the U.S. in unrestricted warfare. These assumptions lead to a center of gravity determination and terrorism as the possible action for the desired effect. Attack and weapon selection analysis results in the selection of the 50 caliber sniper rifle with armor-piercing incendiary ammunition as the most probable attack tactic executed against urban airport environments. Possible solution analysis of acoustic, mid wave infrared and optical augmentation systems reveals the advantages of each of these approaches. The conclusion is that open system architecture should be used to tailor the sensor suite around each airport based on the vital area locations with respect to the urban layout and the best sniping positions. This will lead to a multi- layer and multi-system defensive posture around each airport significantly reducing the risk of a drawn out terror campaign which involves the airline industry
Aeronautics and space report of the President, 1980 activities
The year's achievements in the areas of communication, Earth resources, environment, space sciences, transportation, and space energy are summarized and current and planned activities in these areas at the various departments and agencies of the Federal Government are summarized. Tables show U.S. and world spacecraft records, spacecraft launchings for 1980, and scientific payload anf probes launched 1975-1980. Budget data are included
Feasibility analysis study of battlefield distributed simulation - developmental (BDS-D) Version 1.0 system testbed extension : Fidelity and verification validation and accreditation
Issued as Report, Project E-16-M96 (subproject: A-9606)Report has title: Feasibility analysis study of battlefield distributed simulation - developmental (BDS-D) Version 1.0 system testbed extension : Fidelity and verification validation and accreditatio
Aeronautics and space report of the President, 1982 activities
Achievements of the space program are summerized in the area of communication, Earth resources, environment, space sciences, transportation, aeronautics, and space energy. Space program activities of the various deprtments and agencies of the Federal Government are discussed in relation to the agencies' goals and policies. Records of U.S. and world spacecraft launchings, successful U.S. launches for 1982, U.S. launched applications and scientific satellites and space probes since 1975, U.S. and Soviet manned spaceflights since 1961, data on U.S. space launch vehicles, and budget summaries are provided. The national space policy and the aeronautical research and technology policy statements are included
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