The Graphic Design Archive: Generating Higher Levels of Scholarship Through a User Experience Approach to Scholarly Image Database Design

Innovations in the user experiences of digital image collections have taken image-based searching from the realm of basic one-way searches and sorts and delivered users a new world of dynamic and interactive explorations that offer mechanisms for higher-level cognitive functions such as comparing, analyzing, sorting, sharing, designing, and creating in an intuitive environment. While innovations in image search functionality often occur first in non-academic applications (e.g., social media), image archives meant to amasse and preserve visual information for the ages would benefit by adopting and adapting search innovations. Students and scholars that access image-based archives of information to gather resources and conduct research employ high-level thinking during the user experience of the digital archive. By using Bloom’s Taxonomy to categorize levels of user cognition during a search, user experience functions will be assessed and new functions will be developed and implemented to give users of the Graphic Design Archive a level of search functionality and flexibility that meets the demands of scholarly research. The methods used will include conversational interface design and they will be applied to both a desktop and web application. Generating higher levels of scholarship through the use of this new, adaptable interface is the intended outcome

Image Tagging and Gearing Resources applied to students’ graphic materials: Learning techniques in pursuit of Inclusiveness for Urban and Landscape Design

Inclusiveness can be considered a requirement for contemporary statements in urban and landscape design referring to age, condition, gender or nature. But how is inclusiveness influenced by spatial design? Can this relation be measured or proven? And more precisely, which interactions are considered across different generations or between human and non-human agents? This paper describes student’s work evaluation procedures through a methodology consisting of selecting picture-based content from initial reference materials provided by teaching staff, as well as graphic material designed and produced by the students, to further analyze these through data visualization techniques and the production of info-graphics. In a latter step, a gearing game – which is a type of sociogram used to understand agents and matters of interest – is utilized to drive a discussion about design statements for further stages of development concerning students’ design projects. The first stages of the methodology are strongly influenced by how the students perceive elements from reference materials and represent these in their own design productions. A literature review further investigates the dichotomy between representation and perception, and the generation of subjective images. As a final consideration, this work aims to create combined methodologies by incorporating participatory observation methods (e.g. photovoice and flow charts) from the social sciences into urban and landscape design, as they are understood through an accurate design of the learning experience. Similarly, non-representational design and dataviz diagrams from urban and landscape design could potentially be implemented in the teaching of social sciences

Expeditions through image jungles The commercial use of image libraries in an online environment

Purpose: Searching for appropriate images as part of a work task is a non-trivial problem. Journalists and copywriters need to find images that are not only visually appropriate to accompany the documents they are creating, but are acceptably priced and licensed. Methodology: A work based study methodology and grounded theory are used to collect qualitative data from a variety of creative professionals including journalists. Findings: We report the findings of a study to investigate image search, retrieval and use by creative professionals who routinely use images as part of their work in an online environment. We describe the commercial constraints that have an impact on the image users’ behaviour that are not reported in other more academic and lab based studies of image use (Westman, 2009). Practical implications: We show that the commercial image retrieval systems are based on document retrieval systems, and that this is not the most appropriate approach in the Journalism domain. Originality/value: We describe the properties of an ‘information expedition’; the image seeking behaviour exhibited by journalists in an online environment, and contend that it is significantly different to existing image seeking models which represent other user types

Engineering Innovation (TRIZ based Computer Aided Innovation)

This thesis describes the approach and results of the research to create a TRIZ based computer aided innovation tools (AEGIS and Design for Wow). This research has mainly been based around two tools created under this research: called AEGIS (Accelerated Evolutionary Graphics Interface System), and Design for Wow. Both of these tools are discussed in this thesis in detail, along with the test data, design methodology, test cases, and research. Design for Wow (http://www.designforwow.com) is an attempt to summarize the successful inventions/ designs from all over the world on a web portal which has multiple capabilities. These designs/innovations are then linked to the TRIZ Principles in order to determine whether innovative aspects of these successful innovations are fully covered by the forty TRIZ principles. In Design for Wow, a framework is created which is implemented through a review tool. The Design for Wow website includes this tool which has been used by researcher and the users of the site and reviewers to analyse the uploaded data in terms of strength of TRIZ Principles linked to them. AEGIS (Accelerated Evolutionary Graphics Interface System) is a software tool developed under this research aimed to help the graphic designers to make innovative graphic designs. Again it uses the forty TRIZ Principles as a set of guiding rules in the software. AEGIS creates graphic design prototypes according to the user input and uses TRIZ Principles framework as a guide to generate innovative graphic design samples. The AEGIS tool created is based on TRIZ Principles discussed in Chapter 3 (a subset of them). In AEGIS, the TRIZ Principles are used to create innovative graphic design effects. The literature review on innovative graphic design (in chapter 3) has been analysed for links with TRIZ Principles and then the DNA of AEGIS has been built on the basis of this study. Results from various surveys/ questionnaires indicated were used to collect the innovative graphic design samples and then TRIZ was mapped to it (see section 3.2). The TRIZ effects were mapped to the basic graphic design elements and the anatomy of the graphic design letters was studied to analyse the TRIZ effects in the collected samples. This study was used to build the TRIZ based AEGIS tool. Hence, AEGIS tool applies the innovative effects using TRIZ to basic graphic design elements (as described in section 3.3). the working of AEGIS is designed based on Genetic Algorithms coded specifically to implement TRIZ Principles specialized for Graphic Design, chapter 4 discusses the process followed to apply TRIZ Principles to graphic design and coding them using Genetic Algorithms, hence resulting in AEGIS tool. Similarly, in Design for Wow, the content uploaded has been analysed for its link with TRIZ Principles (see section 3.1 for TRIZ Principles). The tool created in Design for Wow is based on the framework of analysing the TRIZ links in the uploaded content. The ‘Wow’ concept discussed in the section 5.1 and 5.2 is the basis of the concept of Design for Wow website, whereby the users upload the content they classify as ‘Wow’. This content then is further analysed for the ‘Wow factor’ and then mapped to TRIZ Principles as TRIZ tagging methodology is framed (section 5.5). From the results of the research, it appears that the TRIZ Principles are a comprehensive set of innovation basic building blocks. Some surveys suggest that amongst other tools, TRIZ Principles were the first choice and used most .They have thus the potential of being used in other innovation domains, to help in their analysis, understanding and potential development.Great Western Research and Systematic Innovation Ltd U

Integration of Word Cloud and Tag Cloud with ILS OPAC for Enhancing the Folksonomy Based Services

Purpose The significant purpose of conducting this research is to find out more about folksonomy-based services with the help of word cloud and tag cloud. Broader terms and narrower terms are searching on bibliographic records and linking web repositories. It shows the integration mechanism of the word cloud and tag cloud with ILS OPAC using Koha and HTML scripts. Designing and developing a process for easy retrieving of library resources based on folksonomy enabled services. These new innovative services are very much helpful for library users. Methodology This folksonomy-based integrated framework has been developed and designed based on global repositories. Word cloud and tag cloud are possible with the help of HTML scripts and Koha ILS OPAC. Developed a framework for incorporating the HTML script in Koha OPAC main user block based on tools and news options in staff client interfaces. The HTML script has been designed from the word cloud concept in the online repository. This integrated web 2.0 framework is very fruitful to library professionals because it depends on a LAMP architecture. The whole system and services have been developed on Ubuntu operating system. Findings Folksonomy-based services can be achieved for the users after proper configuration and adding of these concepts. It is possible to provide the web 2.0 services with the help of word cloud and tag cloud from Koha ILS OPAC. Related terms and links can be accessed using this integrated framework. So, folksonomy-based services have been provided by using these techniques. Originality The originality of this study is keyword visualization based on folksonomy services. This integrated framework belongs to web 2.0 concepts. It is possible to generate the word cloud and tag cloud in ILS OPAC in the form of visualization. This is very useful and conducive to library users. So all the libraries are very much attracted to these modern services and strategies. This integrated framework is based on web 2.0, and folksonomy-enabled services in tag and word cloud. Overall, it is possible to integrate and generate these services with OPAC to increase modern information retrieval systems and services