4 research outputs found

    Contributions to the routing of traffic flows in multi-hop IEEE 802.11 wireless networks

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    The IEEE 802.11 standard was not initially designed to provide multi-hop capabilities. Therefore, providing a proper traffic performance in Multi-Hop IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks (MIWNs) becomes a significant challenge. The approach followed in this thesis has been focused on the routing layer in order to obtain applicable solutions not dependent on a specific hardware or driver. Nevertheless, as is the case of most of the research on this field, a cross-layer design has been adopted. Therefore, one of the first tasks of this work was devoted to the study of the phenomena which affect the performance of the flows in MIWNs. Different estimation methodologies and models are presented and analyzed. The first main contribution of this thesis is related to route creation procedures. First, FB-AODV is introduced, which creates routes and forwards packets according to the flows on the contrary to basic AODV which is destination-based. This enhancement permits to balance the load through the network and gives a finer granularity in the control and monitoring of the flows. Results showed that it clearly benefits the performance of the flows. Secondly, a novel routing metric called Weighted Contention and Interference routing Metric (WCIM) is presented. In all analyzed scenarios, WCIM outperformed the other analyzed state-of-the-art routing metrics due to a proper leveraging of the number of hops, the link quality and the suffered contention and interference. The second main contribution of this thesis is focused on route maintenance. Generally, route recovery procedures are devoted to the detection of link breaks due to mobility or fading. However, other phenomena like the arrival of new flows can degrade the performance of active flows. DEMON, which is designed as an enhancement of FB-AODV, allows the preemptive recovery of degraded routes by passively monitoring the performance of active flows. Results showed that DEMON obtains similar or better results than other published solutions in mobile scenarios, while it clearly outperforms the performance of default AODV under congestion Finally, the last chapter of this thesis deals with channel assignment in multi-radio solutions. The main challenge of this research area relies on the circular relationship between channel assignment and routing; channel assignment determines the routes that can be created, while the created routes decide the real channel diversity of the network and the level of interference between the links. Therefore, proposals which join routing and channel assignment are generally complex, centralized and based on traffic patterns, limiting their practical implementation. On the contrary, the mechanisms presented in this thesis are distributed and readily applicable. First, the Interference-based Dynamic Channel Assignment (IDCA) algorithm is introduced. IDCA is a distributed and dynamic channel assignment based on the interference caused by active flows which uses a common channel in order to assure connectivity. In general, IDCA leads to an interesting trade-off between connectivity preservation and channel diversity. Secondly, MR-DEMON is introduced as way of joining channel assignment and route maintenance. As DEMON, MR-DEMON monitors the performance of the active flows traversing the links, but, instead of alerting the source when noticing degradation, it permits reallocating the flows to less interfered channels. Joining route recovery instead of route creation simplifies its application, since traffic patterns are not needed and channel reassignments can be locally decided. The evaluation of MR-DEMON proved that it clearly benefits the performance of IDCA. Also, it improves DEMON functionality by decreasing the number of route recoveries from the source, leading to a lower overhead.El est谩ndar IEEE 802.11 no fue dise帽ado inicialmente para soportar capacidades multi-salto. Debido a ello, proveer unas prestaciones adecuadas a los flujos de tr谩fico que atraviesan redes inal谩mbricas multi-salto IEEE 802.11 supone un reto significativo. La investigaci贸n desarrollada en esta tesis se ha centrado en la capa de encaminamiento con el objetivo de obtener soluciones aplicables y no dependientes de un hardware espec铆fico. Sin embargo, debido al gran impacto de fen贸menos y par谩metros relacionados con las capas f铆sicas y de acceso al medio sobre las prestaciones de los tr谩ficos de datos, se han adoptado soluciones de tipo cross-layer. Es por ello que las primeras tareas de la investigaci贸n, presentadas en los cap铆tulos iniciales, se dedicaron al estudio y caracterizaci贸n de estos fen贸menos. La primera contribuci贸n principal de esta tesis se centra en mecanismos relacionados con la creaci贸n de las rutas. Primero, se introduce una mejora del protocolo AODV, que permite crear rutas y encaminar paquetes en base a los flujos de datos, en lugar de en base a los destinos como se da en el caso b谩sico. Esto permite balacear la carga de la red y otorga un mayor control sobre los flujos activos y sus prestaciones, mejorando el rendimiento general de la red. Seguidamente, se presenta una m茅trica de encaminamiento sensible a la interferencia de la red y la calidad de los enlaces. Los resultados analizados, basados en la simulaci贸n de diferentes escenarios, demuestran que mejora significativamente las prestaciones de otras m茅tricas del estado del arte. La segunda contribuci贸n est谩 relacionada con el mantenimiento de las rutas activas. Generalmente, los mecanismos de mantenimiento se centran principalmente en la detecci贸n de enlaces rotos debido a la movilidad de los nodos o a la propagaci贸n inal谩mbrica. Sin embargo, otros fen贸menos como la interferencia y congesti贸n provocada por la llegada de nuevos flujos pueden degradar de forma significativa las prestaciones de los tr谩ficos activos. En base a ello, se dise帽a un mecanismo de mantenimiento preventivo de rutas, que monitoriza las prestaciones de los flujos activos y permite su reencaminamiento en caso de detectar rutas degradadas. La evaluaci贸n de esta soluci贸n muestra una mejora significativa sobre el mantenimiento de rutas b谩sico en escenarios congestionados, mientras que en escenarios con nodos m贸viles obtiene resultados similares o puntualmente mejores que otros mecanismos preventivos dise帽ados espec铆ficamente para casos con movilidad. Finalmente, el 煤ltimo cap铆tulo de la tesis se centra en la asignaci贸n de canales en entornos multi-canal y multi-radio con el objetivo de minimizar la interferencia entre flujos activos. El reto principal en este campo es la dependencia circular que se da entre la asignaci贸n de canales y la creaci贸n de rutas: la asignaci贸n de canales determina los enlaces existentes la red y por ello las rutas que se podr谩n crear, pero son finalmente las rutas y los tr谩ficos activos quienes determinan el nivel real de interferencia que se dar谩 en la red. Es por ello que las soluciones que proponen unificar la asignaci贸n de canales y el encaminamiento de tr谩ficos son generalmente complejas, centralizadas y basadas en patrones de tr谩fico, lo que limita su implementaci贸n en entornos reales. En cambio, en nuestro caso adoptamos una soluci贸n distribuida y con mayor aplicabilidad. Primero, se define un algoritmo de selecci贸n de canales din谩mico basado en la interferencia de los flujos activos, que utiliza un canal com煤n en todos los nodos para asegurar la conectividad de la red. A continuaci贸n, se introduce un mecanismo que unifica la asignaci贸n de canales con el mantenimiento preventivo de las rutas, permitiendo reasignar flujos degradados a otros canales disponibles en lugar de reencaminarlos completamente. Ambas soluciones demuestran ser beneficiosas en este tipo de entornos.Postprint (published version

    Research Reports: 1984 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program

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    A NASA/ASEE Summer Faulty Fellowship Program was conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The basic objectives of the programs are: (1) to further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members; (2) to stimulate an exchange of ideas between participants and NASA; (3) to enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of the participants' institutions; and (4) to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA Centers. The Faculty Fellows spent ten weeks at MSFC engaged in a research project compatible with their interests and background and worked in collaboration with a NASA/MSFC colleague. This document is a compilation of Fellows' reports on their research during the summer of 1984. Topics covered include: (1) data base management; (2) computational fluid dynamics; (3) space debris; (4) X-ray gratings; (5) atomic oxygen exposure; (6) protective coatings for SSME; (7) cryogenics; (8) thermal analysis measurements; (9) solar wind modelling; and (10) binary systems

    Toward a systematic clinical psychology : an inquiry into some problems and issues

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    Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Kansas, Psychology, 1947
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