Extending an object-oriented design method: a C++extension for IDEF4

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references.This research introduces an object-oriented implementation design method IDEF4/C++. IDEF4/C++ is an extension of the IDEF4 object-oriented design method that incorporates C++ language considerations and practice to provide guidance and structure to ease the transition from an IDEF4 conceptual design to its implementation in C++. To guide the development of IDEF4/C++, three IDEF5 ontological models are built: (1) an ontology of general object-oriented concepts; (2) an ontology of the IDEF4 method concepts; and (3) an ontology of the C++ programming language. Together these ontologies form the conceptual foundation of this research effort. They also provide a formal platform for understanding the mappings between the terminology and primitive concepts in these domains. Extensions included in the IDEF4/C++ are: (1) an extended method syntax; (2) a transformation heuristic for transforming an IDEF4 conceptual design to an IDEF4/C++ implementation specification; (3) an IDEF3 model of the IDEF4/C++ design process with design evolution configuration management; and (4) best practice guidelines for the application of IDEF4/C++, especially focusing on design reuse. The thesis concludes with a discussion of an integrated framework for object-oriented system development. Without increasing the complexity of the IDDEF4 method, IDEF4/C++ takes advantage of C++ language features and best practice experience to bridge the gap between the conceptual design phase and the implementation phase in a software development project

Feeling the groove: shared time and its meanings for three jazz trios

The notion of groove is fundamental to jazz culture and the term yields a rich set of understandings for jazz musicians. Within the literature, no single perspective on groove exists and many questions remain about the relationship between timing processes, phenomenal experience and musical structures in making sense of groove. In this account, the experience and meaning of groove is theorised as emerging from two forms of sharedness. Firstly, a primary intersubjectivity that arises through the timing behaviours of the players; this could be likened to the 'mutual tuning-in' described in social phenomenology. It is proposed that this tuning-in is accomplished through the mechanism of entrainment. The second form of sharedness is understood as the shared temporal models, the cultural knowledge, that musicians make use of in their playing together. Methodologically, this study makes use of detailed investigation of timing data from live performances by three jazz trios, framed by in-depth, semi-structured interview material and steers a new course between existing ethnographic work on jazz and more psychologically informed studies of timing. The findings of the study point towards significant social and structural effects on the groove between players. The impact of musical role on groove and timing is demonstrated and significant temporal models, whose syntactic relations suggest musical proximity or distance, are shown to have a corresponding effect on timing within the trios. The musician's experience of groove is discussed as it relates to the objective timing data and reveals a complex set of understandings involving temporality, consciousness and communication. In the light of these findings, groove is summarised as the feeling of entrainment, inflected through cultural models and expressed through the cultural norms of jazz

Culturally sensitive strategies for automatic music prediction

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-112).Music has been shown to form an essential part of the human experience-every known society engages in music. However, as universal as it may be, music has evolved into a variety of genres, peculiar to particular cultures. In fact people acquire musical skill, understanding, and appreciation specific to the music they have been exposed to. This process of enculturation builds mental structures that form the cognitive basis for musical expectation. In this thesis I argue that in order for machines to perform musical tasks like humans do, in particular to predict music, they need to be subjected to a similar enculturation process by design. This work is grounded in an information theoretic framework that takes cultural context into account. I introduce a measure of musical entropy to analyze the predictability of musical events as a function of prior musical exposure. Then I discuss computational models for music representation that are informed by genre-specific containers for musical elements like notes. Finally I propose a software framework for automatic music prediction. The system extracts a lexicon of melodic, or timbral, and rhythmic primitives from audio, and generates a hierarchical grammar to represent the structure of a particular musical form. To improve prediction accuracy, context can be switched with cultural plug-ins that are designed for specific musical instruments and genres. In listening experiments involving music synthesis a culture-specific design fares significantly better than a culture-agnostic one. Hence my findings support the importance of computational enculturation for automatic music prediction. Furthermore I suggest that in order to sustain and cultivate the diversity of musical traditions around the world it is indispensable that we design culturally sensitive music technology.by Mihir Sarkar.Ph.D

Network analysis of large scale object oriented software systems

PhD ThesisThe evolution of software engineering knowledge, technology, tools, and practices has seen progressive adoption of new design paradigms. Currently, the predominant design paradigm is object oriented design. Despite the advocated and demonstrated benefits of object oriented design, there are known limitations of static software analysis techniques for object oriented systems, and there are many current and legacy object oriented software systems that are difficult to maintain using the existing reverse engineering techniques and tools. Consequently, there is renewed interest in dynamic analysis of object oriented systems, and the emergence of large and highly interconnected systems has fuelled research into the development of new scalable techniques and tools to aid program comprehension and software testing. In dynamic analysis, a key research problem is efficient interpretation and analysis of large volumes of precise program execution data to facilitate efficient handling of software engineering tasks. Some of the techniques, employed to improve the efficiency of analysis, are inspired by empirical approaches developed in other fields of science and engineering that face comparable data analysis challenges. This research is focused on application of empirical network analysis measures to dynamic analysis data of object oriented software. The premise of this research is that the methods that contribute significantly to the object collaboration network's structural integrity are also important for delivery of the software system’s function. This thesis makes two key contributions. First, a definition is proposed for the concept of the functional importance of methods of object oriented software. Second, the thesis proposes and validates a conceptual link between object collaboration networks and the properties of a network model with power law connectivity distribution. Results from empirical software engineering experiments on JHotdraw and Google Chrome are presented. The results indicate that five considered standard centrality based network measures can be used to predict functionally important methods with a significant level of accuracy. The search for functional importance of software elements is an essential starting point for program comprehension and software testing activities. The proposed definition and application of network analysis has the potential to improve the efficiency of post release phase software engineering activities by facilitating rapid identification of potentially functionally important methods in object oriented software. These results, with some refinement, could be used to perform change impact prediction and a host of other potentially beneficial applications to improve software engineering techniques

Conceptions of learning identified by indigenous students entering a University preparation course

The increase in Indigenous participation in university courses in recent years has not been matched by an increase in graduation. In the mainstream university population, student success has been linked to approaches to learning, which are linked to conceptions of learning. This study investigates what conceptions of learning Indigenous students identify at the beginning of their university career. Thirty six students completed a \u27Reflections on Learning Inventory\u27 developed by Meyer (1995). Nine of these students were interviewed in depth about what they thought learning was and how they would go about it. The interview analysis for each of the nine students was compared with their individual inventory profile. It was anticipated that the use of such complementary methods would increase the validity of the findings, but this was not the case. The participants identified a range of conceptions comparable with those identified by mainstream students, but with a greater emphasis on understanding. However, the descriptions of how learning happens were undeveloped and not likely to result in the kind of learning described. The findings will be useful in making curricula decisions in an Indigenous university preparation course that encourage students to adopt successful strategies for learning. In addition, it will also be useful information for the participants themselves as they become reflective learners

Measuring musical interaction: analysing communication in embodied musical behaviour

This thesis addresses the ubiquity and necessity of embodied interaction to musical activity, using video analysis to observe communication in musical events. Through the specific study of classical North Indian instrumental duo performance, the thesis examines how processes of social interaction may inform human musical activity, using a combined methodology of ethnographic study and quantitative data analysis of original video-recordings. Proposing a pragmatic approach to the study of the meaningful nature of musical events, the thesis keeps sight of the generative context of the human body in social interaction, and offers a model of musical communication that privileges nonlinguistic, socially co-regulative elements in its account of human musical interaction. The socially meaningful nature of the behaviour-in-time of the musicians included in the study is investigated by means of a novel methodology. This combines the qualitative exploration of emic concepts related to the practice of North Indian classical music with an empirical analysis of video data, based on a cognitive ethological framework. The thesis draws on current notions of embodied cognition and contributes to the growing corpus of musicological literature emphasising the embodied and social nature of musical communication. The results of this exploratory study suggest that both social-interaction and music-structural factors contribute to the organisation of the musicians' communicative behaviours and that, to a certain extent, these organisational factors can be separated in analysis

Beyond the horizon of measurement: Festschrift in honor of Ingwer Borg

"Modesty and academic excellence paired with trustfulness and truthfulness, these are the descriptions we would choose, if asked to describe Ingwer Borg in a nutshell. A glance at his oevre reveals a multi-talented, innovative, and cross-disciplinary scientist, who, by all means, could fill his walls with eminent names, topics, positions, and publications. This is in contrast to the frugality of his office, a scientific workbench, not a celebrity's showroom. In addition to his academic pursues he likes to venture into real life, too. This volume is organized in two parts. The first part deals with measurement issues including the application of multidimensional scaling to substantive issues but where the method is center-stage. The second part in substantive in focus and deals with questions of the organization of firms and employee attitudes." (author's abstract). Contents: Peter Ph. Mohler: Sampling from a universe of items and the De-Machiavellization of questionnaire design (9-14); Hubert Feger: Some analytical foundations of multidimensional scaling for ordinal data (15-40); Patrick J.F. Groenen, Ivo A. van der Lans: Multidimensional scaling with regional restrictions for facet theory: an application to Levy's political protest data (41-64); Arie Cohen: A comparison between factor analysis and smallest space analysis of the comprehensive scoring system of the Rorschach (65-72); Wolfgang Bilsky: On the structure of motives: beyond the 'big three' (73-84); Shlomit Levy, Dov Elizur: Values of veteran Israelis and new immigrants from the former Soviet Union: a facet analysis (85-104); Simon L. Dolan, Christian Acosta-Flamma: Values and propensity to adopt new HRM web-based technologies as determinants of HR efficiency and effectiveness: a firm level resource-based analysis (105-124); Sanjay T. Menon: Non-hierarchical emergent structure: a case study in alternative management (125-138); Christiane Spitzmüller, Dana M. Glenn: Organizational survey response: previous findings and an integrative framework (139-162); Thomas Staufenbiel, Maren Kroll, Cornelius J. König: Could job insecurity (also) be a motivator? (163-174); Michael Braun, Miriam Baumgärtner: The effects of work values and job characteristics on job satisfaction (175-188)