Electronic State Distributions of Y Ba\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eCu\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3eO\u3csub\u3e7-x\u3c/sub\u3e Laser Ablated Plumes

The application of spectral and imagery diagnostics to YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) laser-ablated plumes was systematically studied to determine their effectiveness for process control. Emission signatures were collected for plumes created by ablating bulk YBCO with a pulsed laser source. A KrF (λ=248 nm) laser source operating at 4-10 J/cm2 at a 4-10 Hz pulse repetition frequency was used to ablate a bulk YBCO target at O2 background pressures ranging from 50 to 400 mTorr. Emission spectra were collected over the 500 to 860 nm bandpass at distances from the target ranging from 31.4 to 55.0 mm. Of 87 observed emission lines, 76 were assigned to specific transitions with the aid of calibration lamps and reference to tables of energy levels. Line fluences were corrected for self-absorption, and electronic state distributions were calculated using the most recent NIST transition probabilities. Electronic temperatures ranged from 0.28 ± 0.01 eV to 0.37 ± 0.03 eV for yttrium, 0.28 ± 0.01 eV to 0.35 ± 0.03 eV for barium, and 0.40 ± 0.02 eV to 0.48 ± 0.05 eV for copper, and are consistent with prior reported results. These results were relatively insensitive to position and oxygen background pressure. Imagery data obtained with a spectrally-filtered intensified CCD camera was used to determine plume velocities, shock strengths, and time-of-flight curves. A model using the time-of-flight data was developed to investigate the possible effect of time-varying temperatures and number densities on time-integrated electronic state distributions. This model predicted a slight elevation of Cu temperatures compared to Ba, however, the difference was not sufficient to explain experimental results. Surprisal analysis of Y, Ba, and Cu neutral emission spectra resulted in linear constraints, consistent with an exponential gap law for electronic excitation, with a different constraint for each type of emitter

Discrete Wavelet Transforms

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) algorithms have a firm position in processing of signals in several areas of research and industry. As DWT provides both octave-scale frequency and spatial timing of the analyzed signal, it is constantly used to solve and treat more and more advanced problems. The present book: Discrete Wavelet Transforms: Algorithms and Applications reviews the recent progress in discrete wavelet transform algorithms and applications. The book covers a wide range of methods (e.g. lifting, shift invariance, multi-scale analysis) for constructing DWTs. The book chapters are organized into four major parts. Part I describes the progress in hardware implementations of the DWT algorithms. Applications include multitone modulation for ADSL and equalization techniques, a scalable architecture for FPGA-implementation, lifting based algorithm for VLSI implementation, comparison between DWT and FFT based OFDM and modified SPIHT codec. Part II addresses image processing algorithms such as multiresolution approach for edge detection, low bit rate image compression, low complexity implementation of CQF wavelets and compression of multi-component images. Part III focuses watermaking DWT algorithms. Finally, Part IV describes shift invariant DWTs, DC lossless property, DWT based analysis and estimation of colored noise and an application of the wavelet Galerkin method. The chapters of the present book consist of both tutorial and highly advanced material. Therefore, the book is intended to be a reference text for graduate students and researchers to obtain state-of-the-art knowledge on specific applications

Conference on Intelligent Robotics in Field, Factory, Service, and Space (CIRFFSS 1994), volume 1

The AIAA/NASA Conference on Intelligent Robotics in Field, Factory, Service, and Space (CIRFFSS '94) was originally proposed because of the strong belief that America's problems of global economic competitiveness and job creation and preservation can partly be solved by the use of intelligent robotics, which are also required for human space exploration missions. Individual sessions addressed nuclear industry, agile manufacturing, security/building monitoring, on-orbit applications, vision and sensing technologies, situated control and low-level control, robotic systems architecture, environmental restoration and waste management, robotic remanufacturing, and healthcare applications

Apply Nonlinear Filter ESDS to Quantized Sensor Data

Abstract-Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control is widely used to control mechanical systems. In PID control technique, however, there are limits to the accuracy of the resulting movement because of the influence of gravity, friction, and interaction of joints caused by modeling errors. Digital acceleration control has robustness for the modeling errors. But it requires position, velocity, and acceleration of a controlled object to construct a controller. In this paper, we use the novel digital differentiator, ESDS. It enables digital acceleration control without increasing the number of sensors. Furthermore, the proposed method works effectively for quantized sensor data. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations and experiments using 2-link manipulator

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Land Surface Temperature (LST)

This book is a collection of recent developments, methodologies, calibration and validation techniques, and applications of thermal remote sensing data and derived products from UAV-based, aerial, and satellite remote sensing. A set of 15 papers written by a total of 70 authors was selected for this book. The published papers cover a wide range of topics, which can be classified in five groups: algorithms, calibration and validation techniques, improvements in long-term consistency in satellite LST, downscaling of LST, and LST applications and land surface emissivity research

Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen