Protocols, performance assessment and consolidation on interfaces for standardization – D3.3

The following document presents a detailed description of the protocol for the “ Control Channels for the Cooperation of the Cognitive Management System ” (C4MS) which provides the necessary means to enable proper management of Opportunistic Networks. Additionally, the document defines the methodology that was applied for the purpose of signalling evaluation. The protocol overview presented in section 2 of the main document, provides the C4MS principles. The section includes, among others, the description of the protocol identifiers, procedures, protocol state machines and message format as well as the security asp ects. Section 3 provides a high-level description of the data structures defined within the scope of OneFIT project. The data structures are classified into five categories, i.e.: Profiles, Context, Decisions,Knowledge and Policies. The high level description is complemented by some detailed data structures in the Appendix to D3.3 Section 3[10]. Section 4 provides details on the evaluation methodology applied for the purpose of C4MS performance assessment. The section presents the evaluation plan along with a description of metrics that are to be exploited in the scope of WP3. Section 5 and Section 6 are composed of the signalling evaluation results. Section 5 focuses on the estimation of the signalling load imposed by ON management in different ON phases. Additionally some results for the initialization phase (not explicitly mentioned in the previous phases of the project)and security related aspects are also depicted. Section 6 on the other hand is focused on the evaluation of the signalling traffic generated by different ON related algorithms. Conclusions to the document are drawn in section 7. Detailed description of the C4MS procedures, implementation options based on IEEE 802.21, DIAMTER and 3GPP are depicted in the appendix to the D3.3[10] . Additionally, the appendix incorporates the detailed definition of the information data structures and final set of Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) provided for the OneFIT project.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Handover Control Parameters Optimisation in LTE Networks

In the past few years, the demand for data traffic has increased explosively, in order to meet such a demand in traffic volume, small cell networks have been introduced. With the wide adoption of small cells, the densification of small cell deployment has become an unavoidable trend. However, such density in small cell deployment brings various problems for the network operators, among which the handover issue is one of the most critical. In order to tackle the handover problem in heterogeneous networks (HetNets), this thesis was mainly concerned with the system-level handover control parameters optimisation

Distributed mobility management for a flat architecture in 5G mobile networks: solutions, analysis and experimental validation

In the last years, the commercial deployment of data services in mobile networks has been evolving quickly, providing enhanced radio access technologies and more efficient network architectures. Nowadays, mobile users enjoy broadband and ubiquitous wireless access through their portable devices, like smartphones and tablets, exploiting the connectivity offered by the modern 4G network. Nevertheless, the technological evolution keeps moving towards the development of next generation networks, or 5G, aiming at further improving the current system in order to cope with the huge data traffic growth foreseen in the future years. One of the possible research guidelines aims at innovating the mobile networks architecture by designing a flat system. Indeed, current systems are built upon a centralized and hierarchical structure, where multiple access networks are connected to a central core hosting crucial network functions, e.g., charging, control and maintenance, as well as mobility management, which is the main topic of this thesis. In such a central mobility management system, users’ traffic is aggregated at some key nodes in the core, called mobility anchors. Thus, an anchor can easily handle user’s mobility by redirecting traffic flows to his/her location, but i) it poses scalability issues, ii) it represents a single point of failure, and iii) the routing path is in general suboptimal. These problems can be overcome moving to a flat architecture, adopting a Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) system, where the centralized anchor is removed. This thesis develops within the DMM framework, presenting the design, analysis, implementation and experimental validation of several DMM protocols. In this work we describe original protocols for client-based and network-based mobility management, as well as a hybrid solution. We study analytically our solutions to evaluate their signaling cost, the packet delivery cost, and the latency introduced to handle a handover event. Finally, we assess the validity of some of our protocols with experiments run over a network prototype built in our lab implementing such solutions.El despliegue comercial de los servicios de datos en las redes móviles ha evolucionado rápidamente en los últimos años, proporcionando tecnologías de acceso radio más avanzadas y arquitecturas de red más eficientes. Los usuarios ya pueden disfrutar de los servicios de banda ancha desde sus dispositivos móviles, como smartphones y tablets, aprovechando la conectividad de las modernas redes 4G. Sin embargo, la evolución tecnológica sigue trazando su camino hasta el desarrollo de las redes de próxima generación, o 5G, en previsión del enorme aumento del tráfico de los años futuros. Una de las innovaciones bajo estudio aborda la arquitectura de las redes móviles, con el objetivo de diseñar un sistema plano. Efectivamente, el sistema actual se basa en una estructura centralizada y jerárquica, en la cual múltiples redes de acceso se conectan al núcleo central, dónde residen funciones cruciales para el control de la red y facturación, así como la gestión de la movilidad, que es el tema central de esta tesis. En un sistema con gestión centralizada de la movilidad, se agregan los flujos de tráfico en algunos nodos claves situados en el núcleo de la red, llamados anclas de movilidad. De este modo, un ancla puede fácilmente redirigir los flujos al lugar donde se halla el usuario, pero i) supone problemas de escalabilidad, ii) representa un punto único de fallo, y iii) el encaminamiento es en general sub-óptimo. Estos problemas se pueden resolver pasando a una arquitectura plana, cambiándose a un sistema de gestión distribuida de la movilidad (Distributed Mobility Management – DMM), donde no hay anclas centralizadas. Esta tesis se desarrolla dentro el marco propuesto por DMM, presentando el diseño, el análisis, la implementación y la validación experimental de varios protocolos de movilidad distribuida. Se describen soluciones basadas en el cliente y en la red, así como una solución híbrida. El funcionamiento de las soluciones ha sido estudiado analíticamente, para evaluar los costes de señalización, el coste del transporte de los paquetes y la latencia para gestionar el traspaso de los usuarios de una red a otra. Finalmente, la validez de los protocolos ha sido demostrada con experimentos sobre un prototipo donde se implementan algunas de las soluciones utilizando el equipamiento de nuestro laboratorio.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ingeniería TelemáticaPresidente: Arturo Azcorra Saloña.- Secretario: Ramón Agüero Calvo.- Vocal: Jouni Korhone

Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin

Développement d'une méthode de géolocalisation à l'intérieur de bâtiments par classification des fingerprints GSM et fusion de données de capteurs embarqués

GPS has long been used for accurate and reliable outdoor localization, but it cannot operate in indoor environments, which suggests developing indoor localization methods that can provide seamless and ubiquitous services for mobile users.In this thesis, indoor localization is realized making use of received signal strength fingerprinting technique based on the existing GSM networks. A room is defined as the minimum location unit, and support vector machine are used as a mean to discriminate the rooms by classifying received signal strengths from very large number of GSM carriers. At the same time, multiple sensors, such as accelerometer and gyroscope, are widely available for modern mobile devices, which provide additional information that helps location determination. The hybrid approach that combines the GSM fingerprinting results with mobile sensor and building layout information using a particle filter provides a more accurate and fine-grained localization result.The results of experiments under realistic conditions demonstrate that correct room number can be obtained 94% of the time provided the derived model is used before significant received signal strength drift sets in. Furthermore, if the training data is sampled over a few days, the performance can remain stable exceeding 80% over a period of months, and can be further improved with various post-processing techniques. Moreover, including the mobile sensors allows the system to localize the mobile trajectory coordinates with high accuracy and reliability.L’objet de cette thèse est l’étude de la localisation et de la navigation à l’intérieur de bâtiments à l’aide des signaux disponibles dans les systèmes mobiles cellulaires et, en particulier, les signaux GSM.Le système GPS est aujourd’hui couramment utilisé en extérieur pour déterminer la position d’un objet, mais les signaux GPS ne sont pas adaptés à la localisation en intérieurIci, la localisation en intérieur est obtenue à partir de la technique des «empreintes» de puissance des signaux reçus sur les canaux utilisés par les réseaux GSM. Elle est réalisée à l’échelle de la pièce. Une classification est effectuée à partir de machines à vecteurs supports et les descripteurs utilisés sont les puissances de toutes les porteuses GSM. D’autres capteurs physiques disponibles dans les téléphones portables fournissent des informations utiles pour déterminer la position ou le déplacement de l’utilisateur. Celles-ci, ainsi que la cartographie de l’environnement, sont associées aux résultats obtenus à partir des «empreintes» GSM au sein de filtres particulaires afin d’obtenir une localisation plus précise, et sous forme de coordonnées continues.Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’utilisation des seules empreintes GSM permet de déterminer la pièce correcte dans 94% des cas sur une durée courte et que les performances restent stables pendant plusieurs mois, de l’ordre de 80%, si les données d’apprentissage sont enregistrées sur quelques jours. L’association de la cartographie du lieu et des informations issues des autres capteurs aux données de classification permettent d’obtenir les coordonnées de la trajectoire du système mobile avec une bonne précision et une bonne fiabilité

Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin

Apply HIP to Handover Procedures in Hybrid Access Mode LTE Femtocells

[[abstract]]Femtocell networks that use Home evolved NodeB (HeNB) and existing networks for backhaul connectivity can fulfill the upcoming demand for high data rates in wireless communication systems as well as extend the coverage area. In this paper we seem handover between femtocell and macrocell as a heterogeneous handover and apply the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) with Media Independent Handover (MIH) to achieve handover execution. It considers handover parameters for, including interference, velocity, RSS and quality of service (QoS) level. We propose a new handover strategy based on HIP between the femtocell and the macrocell for LTE (Long Term Evolution) -based networks in hybrid access mode. This strategy can avoid unnecessary handovers and can reduce handover failure.[[notice]]補正完

Actas da 10ª Conferência sobre Redes de Computadores

Universidade do MinhoCCTCCentro AlgoritmiCisco SystemsIEEE Portugal Sectio