12,245 research outputs found
Applications of regularized least squares to pattern classification
AbstractWe survey a number of recent results concerning the behaviour of algorithms for learning classifiers based on the solution of a regularized least-squares problem
Comparison of echo state network output layer classification methods on noisy data
Echo state networks are a recently developed type of recurrent neural network
where the internal layer is fixed with random weights, and only the output
layer is trained on specific data. Echo state networks are increasingly being
used to process spatiotemporal data in real-world settings, including speech
recognition, event detection, and robot control. A strength of echo state
networks is the simple method used to train the output layer - typically a
collection of linear readout weights found using a least squares approach.
Although straightforward to train and having a low computational cost to use,
this method may not yield acceptable accuracy performance on noisy data.
This study compares the performance of three echo state network output layer
methods to perform classification on noisy data: using trained linear weights,
using sparse trained linear weights, and using trained low-rank approximations
of reservoir states. The methods are investigated experimentally on both
synthetic and natural datasets. The experiments suggest that using regularized
least squares to train linear output weights is superior on data with low
noise, but using the low-rank approximations may significantly improve accuracy
on datasets contaminated with higher noise levels.Comment: 8 pages. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN
2017
Numerical analysis of least squares and perceptron learning for classification problems
This work presents study on regularized and non-regularized versions of
perceptron learning and least squares algorithms for classification problems.
Fr'echet derivatives for regularized least squares and perceptron learning
algorithms are derived. Different Tikhonov's regularization techniques for
choosing the regularization parameter are discussed. Decision boundaries
obtained by non-regularized algorithms to classify simulated and experimental
data sets are analyzed
Manifold Elastic Net: A Unified Framework for Sparse Dimension Reduction
It is difficult to find the optimal sparse solution of a manifold learning
based dimensionality reduction algorithm. The lasso or the elastic net
penalized manifold learning based dimensionality reduction is not directly a
lasso penalized least square problem and thus the least angle regression (LARS)
(Efron et al. \cite{LARS}), one of the most popular algorithms in sparse
learning, cannot be applied. Therefore, most current approaches take indirect
ways or have strict settings, which can be inconvenient for applications. In
this paper, we proposed the manifold elastic net or MEN for short. MEN
incorporates the merits of both the manifold learning based dimensionality
reduction and the sparse learning based dimensionality reduction. By using a
series of equivalent transformations, we show MEN is equivalent to the lasso
penalized least square problem and thus LARS is adopted to obtain the optimal
sparse solution of MEN. In particular, MEN has the following advantages for
subsequent classification: 1) the local geometry of samples is well preserved
for low dimensional data representation, 2) both the margin maximization and
the classification error minimization are considered for sparse projection
calculation, 3) the projection matrix of MEN improves the parsimony in
computation, 4) the elastic net penalty reduces the over-fitting problem, and
5) the projection matrix of MEN can be interpreted psychologically and
physiologically. Experimental evidence on face recognition over various popular
datasets suggests that MEN is superior to top level dimensionality reduction
algorithms.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figure
Simultaneous Codeword Optimization (SimCO) for Dictionary Update and Learning
We consider the data-driven dictionary learning problem. The goal is to seek
an over-complete dictionary from which every training signal can be best
approximated by a linear combination of only a few codewords. This task is
often achieved by iteratively executing two operations: sparse coding and
dictionary update. In the literature, there are two benchmark mechanisms to
update a dictionary. The first approach, such as the MOD algorithm, is
characterized by searching for the optimal codewords while fixing the sparse
coefficients. In the second approach, represented by the K-SVD method, one
codeword and the related sparse coefficients are simultaneously updated while
all other codewords and coefficients remain unchanged. We propose a novel
framework that generalizes the aforementioned two methods. The unique feature
of our approach is that one can update an arbitrary set of codewords and the
corresponding sparse coefficients simultaneously: when sparse coefficients are
fixed, the underlying optimization problem is similar to that in the MOD
algorithm; when only one codeword is selected for update, it can be proved that
the proposed algorithm is equivalent to the K-SVD method; and more importantly,
our method allows us to update all codewords and all sparse coefficients
simultaneously, hence the term simultaneous codeword optimization (SimCO).
Under the proposed framework, we design two algorithms, namely, primitive and
regularized SimCO. We implement these two algorithms based on a simple gradient
descent mechanism. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance of
the proposed algorithms, as compared with two baseline algorithms MOD and
K-SVD. Results show that regularized SimCO is particularly appealing in terms
of both learning performance and running speed.Comment: 13 page
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