139,429 research outputs found
Typicality degrees to measure relevance of the physiological signals
Paper presented at the International Conference on Physiological Computing Systems (PhyCS), Lisbon, Portugal.Physiological measures have a key advantage as they can provide an insight into human feelings that the subjects may not even be consciously aware of. However, modeling user affective states through pysiology still remains with critical questions especially on the relevant physiological measures for real-life emotionally intelligent applications. In this study, we propose the use of typicality degrees defined according to cognitive science and psychology principles to measure the relevance of the physiological features in characterizing user affective states. Thanks to the typicality degrees, we found consistent physiological characteristics for modeling user affective states.Physiological measures have a key advantage as they can provide an insight into human feelings that the subjects may not even be consciously aware of. However, modeling user affective states through pysiology still remains with critical questions especially on the relevant physiological measures for real-life emotionally intelligent applications. In this study, we propose the use of typicality degrees defined according to cognitive science and psychology principles to measure the relevance of the physiological features in characterizing user affective states. Thanks to the typicality degrees, we found consistent physiological characteristics for modeling user affective states
Differentiable User Models
Probabilistic user modeling is essential for building machine learning
systems in the ubiquitous cases with humans in the loop. However, modern
advanced user models, often designed as cognitive behavior simulators, are
incompatible with modern machine learning pipelines and computationally
prohibitive for most practical applications. We address this problem by
introducing widely-applicable differentiable surrogates for bypassing this
computational bottleneck; the surrogates enable computationally efficient
inference with modern cognitive models. We show experimentally that modeling
capabilities comparable to the only available solution, existing
likelihood-free inference methods, are achievable with a computational cost
suitable for online applications. Finally, we demonstrate how AI-assistants can
now use cognitive models for online interaction in a menu-search task, which
has so far required hours of computation during interaction.Comment: Accepted for publication in The 39th Conference on Uncertainty in
Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 202
The Mediating Role of Real-Time Information Between Location-Based User-Generated Content and Tourist Gift Purchase Intention
The global use of Web 2.0 applications has generated enormous
volumes of user content. Drawing on cognitive load theory, this study examines unexplored factors that influence gift purchase intention of tourists. The authors identify localization and realtime information for shaping tourists' gift purchase intention, which is facilitated by reduced cognitive overload. Analyzes of the study relies on a sample of 273 foreign tourists in Malaysia. A cross-sectional quantitative study is conducted using partial least square structural equation modeling. Results showed that location-based user-generated content and real-time information significantly affect gift purchase intention of tourists. Moreover, real-time information partially mediates the relationship between location-based user-generated content and gift purchase intention
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EEG-Based Quantification of Cortical Current Density and Dynamic Causal Connectivity Generalized across Subjects Performing BCI-Monitored Cognitive Tasks.
Quantification of dynamic causal interactions among brain regions constitutes an important component of conducting research and developing applications in experimental and translational neuroscience. Furthermore, cortical networks with dynamic causal connectivity in brain-computer interface (BCI) applications offer a more comprehensive view of brain states implicated in behavior than do individual brain regions. However, models of cortical network dynamics are difficult to generalize across subjects because current electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis techniques are limited in their ability to reliably localize sources across subjects. We propose an algorithmic and computational framework for identifying cortical networks across subjects in which dynamic causal connectivity is modeled among user-selected cortical regions of interest (ROIs). We demonstrate the strength of the proposed framework using a "reach/saccade to spatial target" cognitive task performed by 10 right-handed individuals. Modeling of causal cortical interactions was accomplished through measurement of cortical activity using (EEG), application of independent component clustering to identify cortical ROIs as network nodes, estimation of cortical current density using cortically constrained low resolution electromagnetic brain tomography (cLORETA), multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) modeling of representative cortical activity signals from each ROI, and quantification of the dynamic causal interaction among the identified ROIs using the Short-time direct Directed Transfer function (SdDTF). The resulting cortical network and the computed causal dynamics among its nodes exhibited physiologically plausible behavior, consistent with past results reported in the literature. This physiological plausibility of the results strengthens the framework's applicability in reliably capturing complex brain functionality, which is required by applications, such as diagnostics and BCI
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The role of human factors in stereotyping behavior and perception of digital library users: A robust clustering approach
To deliver effective personalization for digital library users, it is necessary to identify which human factors are most relevant in determining the behavior and perception of these users. This paper examines three key human factors: cognitive styles, levels of expertise and gender differences, and utilizes three individual clustering techniques: k-means, hierarchical clustering and fuzzy clustering to understand user behavior and perception. Moreover, robust clustering, capable of correcting the bias of individual clustering techniques, is used to obtain a deeper understanding. The robust clustering approach produced results that highlighted the relevance of cognitive style for user behavior, i.e., cognitive style dominates and justifies each of the robust clusters created. We also found that perception was mainly determined by the level of expertise of a user. We conclude that robust clustering is an effective technique to analyze user behavior and perception
Exploring cognitive style and task-specific preferences for process representations
Process models describe someone's understanding of processes. Processes can be described using unstructured, semi-formal or diagrammatic representation forms. These representations are used in a variety of task settings, ranging from understanding processes to executing or improving processes, with the implicit assumption that the chosen representation form will be appropriate for all task settings. We explore the validity of this assumption by examining empirically the preference for different process representation forms depending on the task setting and cognitive style of the user. Based on data collected from 120 business school students, we show that preferences for process representation formats vary dependent on application purpose and cognitive styles of the participants. However, users consistently prefer diagrams over other representation formats. Our research informs a broader research agenda on task-specific applications of process modeling. We offer several recommendations for further research in this area
Mapping Big Data into Knowledge Space with Cognitive Cyber-Infrastructure
Big data research has attracted great attention in science, technology,
industry and society. It is developing with the evolving scientific paradigm,
the fourth industrial revolution, and the transformational innovation of
technologies. However, its nature and fundamental challenge have not been
recognized, and its own methodology has not been formed. This paper explores
and answers the following questions: What is big data? What are the basic
methods for representing, managing and analyzing big data? What is the
relationship between big data and knowledge? Can we find a mapping from big
data into knowledge space? What kind of infrastructure is required to support
not only big data management and analysis but also knowledge discovery, sharing
and management? What is the relationship between big data and science paradigm?
What is the nature and fundamental challenge of big data computing? A
multi-dimensional perspective is presented toward a methodology of big data
computing.Comment: 59 page
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