Design Of N Bit Adder And Subtractive Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata

Relatively easy to fix reasoning as well as quantum dot cellular robot (QCA) with each other can be taken into consideration as one of the most encouraging innovations for future generation computer systems. As CMOS circuits are coming close to restrictions in minimizing area as well as power dissipation, relatively easy to fix reasoning and also QCA modern technology have prospective to change CMOS. Moreover, restricted research is done on reversible sequential circuits with QCA implementation. This paper targets style as well as application of a standard sequential element, a relatively easy to fix dual side set off D flip flop, utilizing QCA. The logical capability, computational as well as power evaluation of the recommended circuit has actually been checked out in this work. This is one of such first attempts to make, analyze as well as carry out relatively easy to fix consecutive element using QCA. This layout will certainly help with the perception of complicated relatively easy to fix sequential circuits in the location of QCA circuits

Hierarchical Strategies for Efficient Fault Recovery on the Reconfigurable PAnDA Device

A novel hierarchical fault-tolerance methodology for reconfigurable devices is presented. A bespoke multi-reconfigurable FPGA architecture, the programmable analogue and digital array (PAnDA), is introduced allowing fine-grained reconfiguration beyond any other FPGA architecture currently in existence. Fault blind circuit repair strategies, which require no specific information of the nature or location of faults, are developed, exploiting architectural features of PAnDA. Two fault recovery techniques, stochastic and deterministic strategies, are proposed and results of each, as well as a comparison of the two, are presented. Both approaches are based on creating algorithms performing fine-grained hierarchical partial reconfiguration on faulty circuits in order to repair them. While the stochastic approach provides insights into feasibility of the method, the deterministic approach aims to generate optimal repair strategies for generic faults induced into a specific circuit. It is shown that both techniques successfully repair the benchmark circuits used after random faults are induced in random circuit locations, and the deterministic strategies are shown to operate efficiently and effectively after optimisation for a specific use case. The methods are shown to be generally applicable to any circuit on PAnDA, and to be straightforwardly customisable for any FPGA fabric providing some regularity and symmetry in its structure

Hierarchical Strategies for Fault-Tolerance in Reconfigurable Architectures

This thesis presents a novel hierarchical fault-tolerance methodology for fault recovery in reconfigurable devices. As the semiconductor industry moves to producing ever smaller transistors, the number of faults occurring increases. At current technology nodes, unavoidable variations in production cause transistor devices to perform outside of ideal ranges. This variability manifests as faults at higher levels and has a knock-on effect for yields. In some ways, fault tolerance has never been more important. To better explore the area of variability, a novel reconfigurable architecture was designed: Programmable Analogue and Digital Array (PAnDA). By allowing reconfiguration from the transistor level to the logic block level, PAnDA allows for design space exploration, previously only available through simulation, in hardware. The main advantage of this is that design modifications can be tested almost instantaneously, as opposed to running time consuming transistor-level simulations. As a result of this design, each level of PAnDA’s configuration contains structural homogeneity, allowing multiple implementations of the same circuit on the same hardware. This potentially creates opportunities for fault tolerance through reconfiguration, and so experimental work is performed to discover how best to utilise these properties of PAnDA. The findings show that it is possible to optimise the reconfiguration in the event of a fault, even if the nature and location of the fault are unknown

Opinions and Outlooks on Morphological Computation

Morphological Computation is based on the observation that biological systems seem to carry out relevant computations with their morphology (physical body) in order to successfully interact with their environments. This can be observed in a whole range of systems and at many different scales. It has been studied in animals – e.g., while running, the functionality of coping with impact and slight unevenness in the ground is "delivered" by the shape of the legs and the damped elasticity of the muscle-tendon system – and plants, but it has also been observed at the cellular and even at the molecular level – as seen, for example, in spontaneous self-assembly. The concept of morphological computation has served as an inspirational resource to build bio-inspired robots, design novel approaches for support systems in health care, implement computation with natural systems, but also in art and architecture. As a consequence, the field is highly interdisciplinary, which is also nicely reflected in the wide range of authors that are featured in this e-book. We have contributions from robotics, mechanical engineering, health, architecture, biology, philosophy, and others

Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction towards E-shopping in Malaysia

Online shopping or e-shopping has changed the world of business and quite a few people have decided to work with these features. What their primary concerns precisely and the responses from the globalisation are the competency of incorporation while doing their businesses. E-shopping has also increased substantially in Malaysia in recent years. The rapid increase in the e-commerce industry in Malaysia has created the demand to emphasize on how to increase customer satisfaction while operating in the e-retailing environment. It is very important that customers are satisfied with the website, or else, they would not return. Therefore, a crucial fact to look into is that companies must ensure that their customers are satisfied with their purchases that are really essential from the ecommerce’s point of view. With is in mind, this study aimed at investigating customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among students randomly selected from various public and private universities located within Klang valley area. Total 369 questionnaires were returned, out of which 341 questionnaires were found usable for further analysis. Finally, SEM was employed to test the hypotheses. This study found that customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia is to a great extent influenced by ease of use, trust, design of the website, online security and e-service quality. Finally, recommendations and future study direction is provided. Keywords: E-shopping, Customer satisfaction, Trust, Online security, E-service quality, Malaysia

Science handbook

2002 handbook for the faculty of Scienc