Design of a multi-channel high precision wearable temperature collection system based on negative temperature coefficient thermistor

Body temperature is often used to screen infectious diseases and monitor treatment. Through the method of measuring the resistance of constant voltage temperature measuring circuit, a wearable multi-point body temperature monitoring system is researched and designed to determine skin surface temperature. The STM32F103C8T6 chip is used as the core processor, and the negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) as the temperature sensing component. ADS1256 chip is a temperature signal conditioner, Bluetooth module is a wireless transmission unit, and LABVIEW is used to design the host computer interface. The constant voltage bridge circuit composed of thermistor and resistor voltage divider to carry out the acquisition of 8 channels of temperature data, and the 24bits ultra-high-precision analog-to-digital conversion module is configured with differential inputs to amplify, filter and convert analog signals; the converted data is processed and calculated in the single-chip microcomputer; finally, the data is transmitted to the host computer via Bluetooth. The thermistor is linearly compensated using the fourth-order formulation of the Stein-hart formula. Reduce the impact of environmental interference and uneven body temperature distribution from software and hardware. The error during the temperature measurement of temperature sensor is analyzed. The experimental results showed that the resolution of measurement system reached 0. 01 , and the temperature measurement accuracy was up to ± 0. 02 . This design scheme has high stability and accuracy; and the circuit is simple in structure, small in size, and low power consumption which can be used in occasions requiring precise body temperature measurement

Víceúčelový senzor pro analýzu pohybů člověka

Import 03/11/2016This document describes a multi-purpose device for analysis of human body movement. It contains a description of technologies used in measurement of some physical variables associated with a human body movement, as well as an explanation of Bluetooth Low Energy communication basics. Practical part of work was a development of embedded software for data acquisition, sensors configuration, BLE module service and a Windows PC software for real-time monitoring and data storage. This document should also serve as a step by step guide for developer, who is going to continue in this work. It describes operation of sensor drivers, BLE communication, hardware settings, PC software and also some necessary steps, like setting the programming interface, making user able to run the embedded software and improve this deviceTento dokument popisuje víceúčelové zařízení pro analýzu lidského pohybu. Obsahuje popis použitých technologií a senzorů, použitých k měření fyzikálních veličin, spojených s analýzou pohybu člověka. Dále popisuje základy technologie Bluetooth Low Energy. Praktickou částí práce byl vývoj firmwaru mikropočítače, určený ke sběru dat, konfiguraci použitých senzorů a dále PC software pro Windows, určený k monitorování naměřených dat v reálném čase a jejich zápisu do souboru. Tento dokument by měl sloužit i jako průvodce pro vývojáře, kteří budou projekt upravovat či dále vyvíjet. Popisuje navržené ovladače senzorů, Bluetooth komunikace, hardwarových nastavení a jiné důležité kroky pro zprovoznění této senzorické platformy, jako je například nastavení vývojového softwaru tohoto zařízení.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívýborn

Electronics for Sensors

The aim of this Special Issue is to explore new advanced solutions in electronic systems and interfaces to be employed in sensors, describing best practices, implementations, and applications. The selected papers in particular concern photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) interfaces and applications, techniques for monitoring radiation levels, electronics for biomedical applications, design and applications of time-to-digital converters, interfaces for image sensors, and general-purpose theory and topologies for electronic interfaces

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) prototype with Raspberry Pi

With globalisation and the thirst for connectivity across society, the demand placed on wireless infrastructure and the associated resource is growing exponentially. Very soon this resource will reach saturation point, due to the finite bandwidth available in the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. A method of countering the impending saturation needs to be found. That method can be Visible Light Communication (VLC). Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a research field within VLC that utilises the visible light band within the electromagnetic wave spectrum. This band is 10,000 times larger than the RF band and cannot be ‘leased’ or saturated with users. Light waves can be modulated to carry an enormous amount ofsimultaneous data, at speeds faster than current consumer equipment can handle. This Dissertation describes in detail the research, construction and testing of a Li-Fi prototype using Raspberry Pi. The prototype is compact, low cost, uses accessible components and provides a solid foundation for other students to follow on with further work in this field. The prototype successfully demonstrates the principle of Visible Light Communication and shows the viability of using Python for coding, SPI for data transfer and lists suitable electronic components to process bit-wise data signals. The prototype shows that while it is possible to use addressable LED’sas the transmitting element, the Dissertation concludes that they are not suitable outside of a heavily constrained environment

Technologies of information transmission and processing

Сборник содержит статьи, тематика которых посвящена научно-теоретическим разработкам в области сетей телекоммуникаций, информационной безопасности, технологий передачи и обработки информации. Предназначен для научных сотрудников в области инфокоммуникаций, преподавателей, аспирантов, магистрантов и студентов технических вузов

AFFORDABLE WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS: A PROPOSED FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION OF LOW-COST WATER QUALITY MONITORING DEVICES

Access to adequate supplies of potable water is a key driver of human health. Physical and chemical treatment processes are frequently necessary to make water safe to drink. Monitoring of water before, during, and after treatment is an essential component of the provision of potable water, and most aspects of water quality monitoring require electronic devices to augment human senses. Every nation sets rules governing the treatment and monitoring of drinking water, in an attempt to continuously ensure potability of drinking water supplies. Presently, however, the regulations governing the design of common electronic devices for water quality monitoring are developed and published by just two organizations – the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The implications of this regulatory situation on drinking water quality monitoring, particularly in low-resource settings, are largely (perhaps completely) unaddressed in existing literature. Turbidity, which may be summarized as cloudiness in a body of liquid due to the scattering of light by particles suspended in that body, is internationally recognized as a simple and useful monitoring parameter for drinking water treatment. Using turbidity as an exemplar, this dissertation examines the structure of regulations governing the design of water quality monitoring devices, and the potential impact that regulatory structure has on the design, fabrication, and marketing of water quality monitoring devices, including both closed-source and open-source technology. National turbidity monitoring requirements for several nations, and the turbidity guidelines promulgated by the World Health Organization, are compared. The EPA and ISO turbidimeter regulations are also examined in relation to these national and international turbidity monitoring requirements. Design variables and requirements are identified which are generally necessary to ensure a properly functioning turbidimeter, but which are not explicitly stated in EPA and ISO turbidimeter regulations. Aspects of the commercial turbidimeter market, and EPA and ISO turbidimeter regulations, which are likely burdensome for water quality monitoring efforts in low-resource settings (such as rural communities in developing countries), are explored – perhaps chief among these being cost. While production of open-source turbidimeter designs provides a potential solution for turbidity monitoring in low-resource settings, open-source turbidimeter design efforts are currently far from able to meet global needs. To provide supplementary regulatory requirements for EPA and ISO turbidimeter standards, and to spur the development of market-ready open-source turbidimeter designs, a framework titled the Affordable Water Quality Analysis (AWQUA) device development is proposed. It consists of a turbidity-specific regulatory section, and a general water quality monitoring device development guidance section. Proper use of this guidance section is intended to strengthen open-source water quality monitoring device development efforts and encourage the production of device documentation suitable to demonstrate compliance with the regulatory section. An important contribution of this dissertation effort is the development and detailed description of four different examples of novel, low-cost, open-source water quality monitoring devices that motivated the proposed supplementary framework, informed its design, and serve to illustrate its application. First, a low-cost, open-source handheld turbidimeter based on a simple digital light detection sensor is detailed and discussed. The design, fabrication, and testing of this device served as a motivator for the development of the proposed supplementary turbidimeter development guidelines proposed. The turbidimeter nearly meets international regulatory guidelines, was fully described in a peer-reviewed publication, and is believed to be the most detailed open-source design of a digital turbidimeter publicly available (at the time of this writing) and yet contains several subtle but critical design flaws that are unaddressed in current national and international turbidimeter regulations. This prototype thus motivated and informed the design of the proposed new regulatory framework. Subsequently, three other promising open-source water quality monitoring designs were developed, fabricated, and evaluated under the AWQUA Framework: (1) a second low-cost open-source handheld turbidimeter, based on a highly precise light-to-voltage analog sensing setup; (2) a highly compact low-cost open-source inline turbidimeter, designed for continuous immersive monitoring of turbidity in surface waters; and (3) a low-cost open-source jar tester – a device used to evaluate certain physical and chemical treatments employed in drinking water treatment to reduce turbidity. These designs and the associated framework that grew from them are contributions toward the provision of “Affordable Water Quality Analysis” (AWQUA) capabilities for communities in low-resource settings

Engineering a Low-Cost Remote Sensing Capability for Deep-Space Applications

Systems engineering (SE) has been a useful tool for providing objective processes to breaking down complex technical problems to simpler tasks, while concurrently generating metrics to provide assurance that the solution is fit-for-purpose. Tailored forms of SE have also been used by cubesat mission designers to assist in reducing risk by providing iterative feedback and key artifacts to provide managers with the evidence to adjust resources and tasking for success. Cubesat-sized spacecraft are being planned, built and in some cases, flown to provide a lower-cost entry point for deep-space exploration. This is particularly important for agencies and countries with lower space exploration budgets, where specific mission objectives can be used to develop tailored payloads within tighter constraints, while also returning useful scientific results or engineering data. In this work, a tailored SE tradespace approach was used to help determine how a 6 unit (6U) cubesat could be built from commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)-based components and undertake remote sensing missions near Mars or near-Earth Asteroids. The primary purpose of these missions is to carry a hyperspectral sensor sensitive to 600-800nm wavelengths (hereafter defined as “red-edge”), that will investigate mineralogy characteristics commonly associated with oxidizing and hydrating environments in red-edge. Minerals of this type remain of high interest for indicators of present or past habitability for life, or active geologic processes. Implications of operating in a deep-space environment were considered as part of engineering constraints of the design, including potential reduction of available solar energy, changes in thermal environment and background radiation, and vastly increased communications distances. The engineering tradespace analysis identified realistic COTS options that could satisfy mission objectives for the 6U cubesat bus while also accommodating a reasonable degree of risk. The exception was the communication subsystem, in which case suitable capability was restricted to one particular option. This analysis was used to support an additional trade investigation into the type of sensors that would be most suitable for building the red-edge hyperspectral payload. This was in part constrained by ensuring not only that readily available COTS sensors were used, but that affordability, particularly during a geopolitical environment that was affecting component supply surety and access to manufacturing facilities, was optimized. It was found that a number of sensor options were available for designing a useful instrument, although the rapid development and life-of-type issues with COTS sensors restricted the ability to obtain useful metrics on their performance in the space environment. Additional engineering testing was conducted by constructing hyperspectral sensors using sensors popular in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) contexts. Engineering and performance metrics of the payload containing the sensors was conducted; and performance of these sensors in relevant analogous environments. A selection of materials exhibiting spectral phenomenology in the red-edge portion of the spectrum was used to produce metrics on the performance of the sensors. It was found that low-cost cameras were able to distinguish between most minerals, although they required a wider spectral range to do so. Additionally, while Raspberry Pi cameras have been popular with scientific applications, a low-cost camera without a Bayer filter markedly improved spectral sensitivity. Consideration for space-environment testing was also trialed in additional experiments using high-altitude balloons to reach the near-space environment. The sensor payloads experienced conditions approximating the surface of Mars, and results were compared with Landsat 7, a heritage Earth sensing satellite, using a popular vegetation index. The selected Raspberry Pi cameras were able to provide useful results from near-space that could be compared with space imagery. Further testing incorporated comparative analysis of custom-built sensors using readily available Raspberry Pi and astronomy cameras, and results from Mastcam and Mastcam/z instruments currently on the surface of Mars. Two sensor designs were trialed in field settings possessing Mars-analogue materials, and a subset of these materials were analysed using a laboratory-grade spectro-radiometer. Results showed the Raspberry Pi multispectral camera would be best suited for broad-scale indications of mineralogy that could be targeted by the pushbroom sensor. This sensor was found to possess a narrower spectral range than the Mastcam and Mastcam/z but was sensitive to a greater number of bands within this range. The pushbroom sensor returned data on spectral phenomenology associated with attributes of Minerals of the type found on Mars. The actual performance of the payload in appropriate conditions was important to provide critical information used to risk reduce future designs. Additionally, the successful outcomes of the trials reduced risk for their application in a deep space environment. The SE and practical performance testing conducted in this thesis could be developed further to design, build and fly a hyperspectral sensor, sensitive to red-edge wavelengths, on a deep-space cubesat mission. Such a mission could be flown at reasonable cost yet return useful scientific and engineering data