Civil-Military Relations in Authoritarian Regimes

abstract: This dissertation proposes a theory of authoritarian control of the armed forces using the economic theory of the firm. To establish a “master-servant” relationship, an organization structures governance as a long-term contractual agreement to mitigate the vulnerabilities associated with uncertainty and bilateral dependency. The bargaining power for civilian and military actors entering a contractual relationship is assessed by two dimensions: the negotiated political property rights and the credible guarantee of those rights. These dimensions outline four civil-military institutional arrangements or army types (cartel, cadre, entrepreneur, and patron armies) in an authoritarian system. In the cycle of repression, the more the dictator relies on the military for repression to stay in office, the more negotiated political property rights obtained by the military; and the more rights obtained by the military the less civilian control. Thus, the dependence on coercive violence entails a paradox for the dictator—the agents empowered to manage violence are also empowered to act against the regime. To minimize this threat, the dictator may choose to default on the political bargain through coup-proofing strategies at the cost to the regime’s credibility and reputation, later impacting a military’s decision to defend, defect, or coup during times of crisis. The cycle of repression captures the various stages in the life-cycle of the political contract between the regime and the armed forces providing insights into institutional changes governing the relationship. As such, this project furthers our understanding of the complexities of authoritarian civil–military relations and contributes conceptual tools for future studies.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Political Science 201

Indonesia at home and abroad: economics, politics and security

Overview: This inaugural suite of papers for the National Security College Issue Brief Series is also a component of an NSC research grant investigating the prospects, challenges and opportunities associated with Indonesia’s ascent in the political-security, economic, and socio-cultural spheres. The chief investigators for this project are Dr Christopher Roberts, Dr Ahmad Habir, and Associate Professor Leonard Sebastian. These issue briefs represent a short precursor to a fi fteen chapter edited book, titled Indonesia’s Ascent: Power, Leadership and the Regional Order, to be published by Palgrave MacMillan in late 2014. The project also involved conferences and fi eldwork in both Canberra and Jakarta between 2012 and 2013

Tapol bulletin no, 94, August 1989

Contents: Massive military operations -- Reactions to Belo's UN letter -- Asylum seekers refused refuge -- 1986 embassy asylum attempt -- On trial to set an example -- Discrimination against ex-tapols -- Five year search for two sons -- Coffee-growers terrorised -- The forgotten families -- Who plans the families? -- A special region -- King of the jungle -- Fighting off the conservationists -- Student protests -- Flag-raisers on trial -- Scott Paper campaign grows -- Suharto's autobiograph

Subaltern agency and the political economy of rural social change

Twenty years after the fall of Suharto in Indonesia, most political studies of Indonesia’s post-New Order democratic ‘transition’ have left the ideas, forms of organisation, strategies and impacts of lower class struggles largely unexamined. Scholarly works that address the dynamics of social and political change have largely focussed on the mixed outcomes of decentralisation and democratisation of state power for elite actors since Reformasi, providing little or no framework for conceptualising popular political action in the context of this institutional restructuring. Drawing on propositions from Marxist political economy, Gramsci’s concept of hegemony and social reproduction theory, this thesis develops analytical approaches for investigating the dynamics of rural subaltern agency in post-New Order Indonesia, focussing on how rural subaltern actors ‘do politics’. The approach applied here extends the analysis of political studies beyond the state, its institutions and hegemonic practices by focussing on the persistent, albeit often fragmented, popular struggles to secure control of resources and shift social relations of power in favour of subaltern and other non-elite classes. It considers the connections between everyday popular encroachments on hegemonic power, social movement struggles and moments of social and political crisis with the potential for transformative social and political change. Using qualitative data from extensive fieldwork in Central Java, the thesis demonstrates that legacies of subaltern struggles over power and land as a resource are reflected in villagers’ contemporary relations with state institutions and other forms of social organisation. They organise across multiple scales, and employ diverse tactics including shifting alliances with other social actors to further their interests. Their political claims are strongly informed by cultures and ideologies that have their roots in previous periods of collective action, which are reproduced or transformed though their experiences in contemporary social struggles. Finally, the thesis considers how these diverse expressions of subaltern social struggles might contribute to progressive forms of agrarian development and the broadening and deepening of pro-poor democratic struggles in Indonesia

Sino-Indonesian relations : a study of Indonesian perceptions of China

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN056009 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Graduate Academic Catalog (2012-2013)

Welcome to the 2012-2013 catalog for the Office of Graduate Studies at the University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO). For more than 100 years, UNO has helped professionals advance their careers through a wide array of award-winning graduate programs. We focus our attention, expertise and resources on our most important responsibility—our students. There are more than 60 graduate programs, at all levels, to explore in this catalog. UNO has numerous opportunities for you

The effects and the relations of foreign aid : a case study of Indonesia and its two largest donors, the United States and Japan

xiii, 177 leaves ; 28 cm.Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-177).This thesis is entitled The Effects and the Relations of Foreign Aid: A Case Study of Indonesia and Its Two Largest Donors, the United States and Japan. It examines the effects of foerign aid on Indonesia's political economy and patterns of aid relations between Indonesia and the U.S. and Indonesia and Japan. It is limited to foreign aid commonly defined as Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the New Order government era, especially from 1969-1991. It reveals that Soeharto regime benefitted from foreign aid inflows both economically and politically, and that aid has been effectively used in Indonesia for development purposes. Indonesia's economy has been growing at a steady pace. Soeharto's government has successfully utilized aid to fulfill its political purposes; Aid has deliberately been directed toward strategic sectors to disempower political opposition and maintain the status quo. The practice of aid relations is based upon the mutualbenefit principle. the U.S benefits from exteding its ODA to Indonesia by maintaining Soeharto's Indonesia in its political orbit. Japan benefits from ODA to Indonesia by maintaining natural resources supplies inflows, markets for its products, and keeping its commercial interests flowing, stable, and secure. The study predicts a different direction and tendency towards Indonesia by both the U.S. and Japan in the post Cold War era