The Remedial Action Assessment System: Automated Decision Support for the CERCLA RI/FS Process

The Remedial Action Assessment System (RAAS), a computer-based decision support system currently under development at Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, was presented with an emphasis on expanding the capabilities of the software. RAAS is being developed to provide the benefits of decision support software to Superfund decision makers. The first version of RAAS focuses on automating the process of screening remediation technologies for their applicability at a hazardous waste site. Four specific contributions to RAAS development were made: three remediation technologies to be included in the RAAS technology database were described; methods to include technology screening based on applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements (ARARs) were discussed; criteria to extend the RAAS technology screening procedure to include discrimination based on effectiveness and implementability were developed; and a procedure to validate RAAS output against the work of environment consultants was presented. When fully implemented, RAAS has the potential to both expedite and standardize the Superfund remedy selection process.Master of Science in Public Healt

Physics and chemistry of magma oceans

Evidence for the existence of magma oceans is discussed in great detail, and among the many new items introduced were high-pressure phase equilibrium experiments, calculations of depth of impact-produced melting, models incorporating crystal growth rates with degree of crystallinity and convection, and models of hard turbulent convection.sponsored by Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Sample Team (LAPST), and NASA Johnson Space Center.edited by Carl B. Agee and John LonghiOrigin of the moon and lunar core formation / Hillgren, Valerie J. -- Superheat in Magma Oceans / Jakes, P. -- A new angle on lunar ferroan-suite differentiation / Jolliff, B.L. -- Magma Ocean: Mechanisms of Formation / Kaula, W.M. -- Fate of a Perched Crystal Layer in a Magma Ocean / Morse, S.A

The 23rd Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments and Water

Conference at a Glance Monday, October 15, 2007 (workshop #1-2: 9:00am – 5:00pm, workshop #3: 10am – 5:00pm, workshop #3, 10:00am – 5:00pm, workshops #4, 5, & 6, 1:00pm – 5:00pm, workshop #7 & 8, 2-5pm) 1) Compliant Analysis of Water, Wastes and Related Solid Environmental Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission and Mass Spectrometry 2) In-Situ Chemical Oxidation Workshop 3) Theory and Use of Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence for Soil Analysis 4) The 2007 MCP Audit – A Case Study Approach 5) “Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics”: Avoiding Pitfalls in Environmental Sampling 6) Evaluating Monitored Natural Attenuation of MTBE and TBA 7) Environmental Forensic Techniques for Classic and Emerging Contaminants 8) Environmental Fate of Hydrocarbons in Soils and Groundwater Tuesday, October 17, 2007 Morning 8:30am – 9:00am Conference Welcome and Overview 9:00am – Noon, Sessions are concurrent Session 1: Ethics in Environmental Practice: Responsibilities, Benefits & Case Examples Session 2a: Pesticides Session 2b: Vapor Intrusion Session 3a: Brownfields Session 3b: Fisherville Mill - Assessment and Cleanup of a Brownfields Site on the Blackstone River Session 4a: Environmental Fate Session 4b: Sediments Afternoon 1:30 to 5:30pm, Sessions are concurrent Session 1: Phytoremediation Session 2: Biotechnology Session 3: Tungsten Session 4: Combining Chemical and Biological Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation Session 5: Environmental Forensics Poster Sessions 4:00 – 6:00pm Arsenic Environmental Fate Environmental Forensics Pesticides Phytoremediation Remediation Sediments Tungsten Vapor Instrusion Social 4:30 – 6:00pm, exhibit area, 1st floor Workshops (Evening, 7:00 – 10:00pm) 9) In-Situ Thermal Remediation 10) Applied Chemical Fingerprinting in Environmental Forensics 11) Utilization of Stable Isotopes in Environmental and Forensic Geochemistry Studies 12) Professional Ethics, Professional Conduct, and Environmental Professionals Wednesday, October 17, 2007 Morning 8:30am – Noon, Sessions are concurrent Session 1: Gasoline Oxygenates I Session 2: Remediation I Session 3: Regulatory Session 4: Coated and Uncoated Microbubble Ozone Remediation Projects Afternoon 1:30 – 5:30pm, Sessions are concurrent Session 1: Gasoline Oxygenates II Session 2: Perchlorate/MECs Session 3: Analysis Session 4: Chemical Oxidation Poster Sessions 4:00 – 6:00pm Acid Mine Drainage Analysis Bioremediation Brownfields Chemical Oxidation Emerging Issues with Energy in the Environment Heavy Metals MECs Miscellaneous MTBE Radionuclides Site Assessment Social 4:30 – 6:00pm, exhibit area, 1st floor Workshops (Evening, 7:00 – 10:00pm) 13) Critical Exposure Pathways 14) Characterizing PAH Bioavailability in Sediments for Remedial Decision-Making 15) Theory and Application of Molecular Biological Tools (“MBTs”) and Biogeochemistry to Bioremediation Process Monitoring and Monitored Natural Attenuation Programs 16) Geochemical Evaluations of Metals in Environmental Media: How to Distinguish Naturally Elevated Metals Concentrations from Site-Related Contamination Thursday, October 18, 2007 Morning 8:30am – Noon Sessions are concurrent Session 1: Bioremediation Session 2: Remediation II Session 3: Modeling Session 4: Risk Assessment Afternoon 1:30pm – 5:00pm Sessions are concurrent Session 1: Heavy Metals Session 2: Innovative Technologies Session 3: Site Assessmen

Fractional solidification for recycled aluminium alloys

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University London.Climate change, and the need of recycling, are two interconnected topics that are gaining more and more relevance nowadays. In order to decrease the CO2 emissions and reduce, or contain, the pollution that is having devastating effects on our climate, recycling seems to be a necessity that can not be postpone or diminished anymore. In the effort of reducing pollution, the aluminium world (industry and Academia) is playing an important role. Recycling aluminium, in fact, require only 10% of the energy necessary to extract it form the bauxite ore, leading to a massive energy and cost saving, as well to a reduction on the CO2 emissions equivalent to take off the road 900000 cars for 12 months. Up to now, the only closed loop recycling process is the one for usage beverage cans (UBC): used cans are collected, molten together, and used again to create new cans without the addition of any other material. When it comes to the automotive industry things are a bit more complicated. There are two main ways, adopted by industries, to recycle Al alloys depending on their composition. Wrought alloys are recycled remelting the scrap with primary Al, and cast alloys are obtained remelting wrought alloys and adjusting their composition for the different purposes. Although these two methods meet the requirement so far, they will lead to a nonrecyclable scrap surplus in the near future, consequently, new possibilities are being explored. In this work, a method to recycle aluminium alloys based on fractional solidification is proposed. The technology developed is based on an idea proposed by A.L Lux and M.C Flemings in which a semisolid alloy is isothermally squeezed towards a filter. Lux and Flemings tested their method on Sn-Pb alloys and on a small scale (500 g). The technology developed in this thesis, has been tested first on model aluminium alloys, and once the optimised procedure was established, on real aluminium scrap alloys, and on a bigger scale (up to 3 kg). The effect of several parameters (temperature, squeezing procedure, ultrasound, and grain refinement) on the purification efficiency was investigated and a 60% purification efficiency was achieved. Along with the technology development, a more fundamental study was carried out focusing on the investigation of the semisolid deformation, the liquid migration through the mush and the role of morphology on the permeability of the semisolid alloy. Finally, through the use of a numerical model, the feasibility of the Scheil-Gulliver approach to our case study, was investigated.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of UK (voucher no 16000068) and Jaguar Land Rover

Advanced Materials Technology

Composites, polymer science, metallic materials (aluminum, titanium, and superalloys), materials processing technology, materials durability in the aerospace environment, ceramics, fatigue and fracture mechanics, tribology, and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) are discussed. Research and development activities are introduced to the nonaerospace industry. In order to provide a convenient means to help transfer aerospace technology to the commercial mainstream in a systematic manner

Radioactive Waste

The safe management of nuclear and radioactive wastes is a subject that has recently received considerable recognition due to the huge volume of accumulative wastes and the increased public awareness of the hazards of these wastes. This book aims to cover the practice and research efforts that are currently conducted to deal with the technical difficulties in different radioactive waste management activities and to introduce to the non-technical factors that can affect the management practice. The collective contribution of esteem international experts has covered the science and technology of different management activities. The authors have introduced to the management system, illustrate how old management practices and radioactive accident can affect the environment and summarize the knowledge gained from current management practice and results of research efforts for using some innovative technologies in both pre-disposal and disposal activities

Microgravity: A Teacher's Guide With Activities in Science, Mathematics, and Technology

The purpose of this curriculum supplement guide is to define and explain microgravity and show how microgravity can help us learn about the phenomena of our world. The front section of the guide is designed to provide teachers of science, mathematics, and technology at many levels with a foundation in microgravity science and applications. It begins with background information for the teacher on what microgravity is and how it is created. This is followed with information on the domains of microgravity science research; biotechnology, combustion science, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, and microgravity research geared toward exploration. The background section concludes with a history of microgravity research and the expectations microgravity scientists have for research on the International Space Station. Finally, the guide concludes with a suggested reading list, NASA educational resources including electronic resources, and an evaluation questionnaire