Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021-2024

This open access book focuses on imaging of the musculoskeletal diseases. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The authors are all internationally renowned experts in their field. They are also excellent teachers, and provide didactically outstanding chapters. The book is disease-oriented and covers all relevant imaging modalities, with particular emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. Important aspects of pediatric imaging are also included. IDKD books are completely re-written every four years. As a result, they offer a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging. The book is clearly structured with learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers easily navigate through the text. As an IDKD book, it is particularly valuable for general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic knowledge, and for clinicians interested in imaging as it relates to their specialty

Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Curriculum Guidelines

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147194/1/pmr21244.pd

Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021-2024

This open access book focuses on imaging of the musculoskeletal diseases. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The authors are all internationally renowned experts in their field. They are also excellent teachers, and provide didactically outstanding chapters. The book is disease-oriented and covers all relevant imaging modalities, with particular emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. Important aspects of pediatric imaging are also included. IDKD books are completely re-written every four years. As a result, they offer a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging. The book is clearly structured with learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers easily navigate through the text. As an IDKD book, it is particularly valuable for general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic knowledge, and for clinicians interested in imaging as it relates to their specialty

Ultrazvuk u dijagnostici lezija u muskuloskeletnom sustavu

Ultrasound has, since its invention, become one of the most widely spread and used diagnostic methods. Almost every child born in the Western part of the world since the 1970s had been examined by ultrasound whilst still in the womb.(42) Ultrasound was used in the musculoskeletal system for the first time in 1958 by K. T. Dussik.(92) Now, almost 60 years later, it has become the first line diagnostic method for imaging the musculoskeletal system in Europe, and its popularity is growing in North America. Ultrasound owes its popularity to being one of the least expensive diagnostic methods, the fact that it doesn’t expose patients to harmful ionizing radiation, enables doctor-patient interaction, and the results are available in real time. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are the main cause of chronic pain and invalidity in the world. Millions of people worldwide are suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and with aging of the population, the expected burden of disease will become progressively larger. Ultrasound can be used in diagnostics, as well as therapy, and as guidance in application of therapy in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. In this paper I am going to discuss the use of ultrasound in some of the most common lesions of the musculoskeletal system.Ultrazvuk je od svog izuma do danas postao jedan od najraširenijih i najkorištenijih dijagnostičkih metoda. Gotovo svako dijete rođeno u zapadnom dijelu svijeta od 1970-ih nadalje vjerojatno je već u maternici bilo pregledano ultrazvukom.(42) Ultrazvuk se prvi put upotrijebio u dijagnostici mišićno-koštanog sustava 1958. od strane K. T. Dussika, a danas, gotovo 60 godina kasnije, ultrazvuk je postao dijagnostička metoda izbora u Europi za bolesti mišićno-koštanog sustava, a njegova primjena je sve raširenija u Sjevernoj Americi.(92) Takvoj popularnosti pridonosi činjenica da je ultrazvuk jedna od najekonomičnijih dijagnostičkih metoda, pacijenta ne izlaže ionizirajućem zračenju, omogućuje komunikaciju s pacijentom te dinamičan pristup, a nalazi su operateru dostupni odmah. Bolesti mišićno-koštanog sustava glavni su uzročnik kronične boli i tjelesne nesposobnosti (invalidnosti). Stotine milijuna ljudi u svijetu boluju od bolesti mišićno-koštanog sustava. Sa starenjem populacije, očekivano opterećenje ovih bolesti će u budućnosti biti sve veće. Ultrazvuk se može koristiti u dijagnostici, ali i u liječenju te kao pomoć pri primjeni terapije u bolestima mišićno-koštanog sustava. U ovom radu opisat ću primjenu ultrazvuka u nekima od najčešćih bolesti mišićno-koštanog sustava

Ultrazvuk u dijagnostici lezija u muskuloskeletnom sustavu

Ultrasound has, since its invention, become one of the most widely spread and used diagnostic methods. Almost every child born in the Western part of the world since the 1970s had been examined by ultrasound whilst still in the womb.(42) Ultrasound was used in the musculoskeletal system for the first time in 1958 by K. T. Dussik.(92) Now, almost 60 years later, it has become the first line diagnostic method for imaging the musculoskeletal system in Europe, and its popularity is growing in North America. Ultrasound owes its popularity to being one of the least expensive diagnostic methods, the fact that it doesn’t expose patients to harmful ionizing radiation, enables doctor-patient interaction, and the results are available in real time. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are the main cause of chronic pain and invalidity in the world. Millions of people worldwide are suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and with aging of the population, the expected burden of disease will become progressively larger. Ultrasound can be used in diagnostics, as well as therapy, and as guidance in application of therapy in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. In this paper I am going to discuss the use of ultrasound in some of the most common lesions of the musculoskeletal system.Ultrazvuk je od svog izuma do danas postao jedan od najraširenijih i najkorištenijih dijagnostičkih metoda. Gotovo svako dijete rođeno u zapadnom dijelu svijeta od 1970-ih nadalje vjerojatno je već u maternici bilo pregledano ultrazvukom.(42) Ultrazvuk se prvi put upotrijebio u dijagnostici mišićno-koštanog sustava 1958. od strane K. T. Dussika, a danas, gotovo 60 godina kasnije, ultrazvuk je postao dijagnostička metoda izbora u Europi za bolesti mišićno-koštanog sustava, a njegova primjena je sve raširenija u Sjevernoj Americi.(92) Takvoj popularnosti pridonosi činjenica da je ultrazvuk jedna od najekonomičnijih dijagnostičkih metoda, pacijenta ne izlaže ionizirajućem zračenju, omogućuje komunikaciju s pacijentom te dinamičan pristup, a nalazi su operateru dostupni odmah. Bolesti mišićno-koštanog sustava glavni su uzročnik kronične boli i tjelesne nesposobnosti (invalidnosti). Stotine milijuna ljudi u svijetu boluju od bolesti mišićno-koštanog sustava. Sa starenjem populacije, očekivano opterećenje ovih bolesti će u budućnosti biti sve veće. Ultrazvuk se može koristiti u dijagnostici, ali i u liječenju te kao pomoć pri primjeni terapije u bolestima mišićno-koštanog sustava. U ovom radu opisat ću primjenu ultrazvuka u nekima od najčešćih bolesti mišićno-koštanog sustava

MRI Investigation of Computer Users With and Without Chronic Wrist Pain

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a link between repetitive work and upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSD), but the issue of causality remains controversial. Studies have shown an association between restricted wrist range of motion (ROM) and UEMSD in computer users. These restrictions were attributed to increased antagonist muscle tension. The first objective of this thesis was to compare wrist flexion ROM in computer users with UEMSD versus asymptomatic individuals with minimal computer exposure. The UEMSD group exhibited significantly reduced wrist flexion compared to controls. Measures of flexion with a supine forearm posture reduced wrist flexion in both groups, but the reduction was approximately 100% greater in the UEMSD group. The effect of a supine forearm posture on wrist flexion is consistent with known biomechanical changes in the distal extensor carpi ulnaris tendon. We infer from these results that wrist extensor muscle tension may be elevated in UEMSD subjects compared to controls. Increased antagonist muscle tension would alter the dynamics of the wrist joint and may alter carpal kinematics. The second objective of this thesis was to compare wrist flexion ROM and carpal flexion kinematics between UEMSD and asymptomatic computer users. The UEMSD group exhibited significantly reduced wrist flexion compared to controls. In both groups, maximum active wrist flexion decreased at the supine forearm posture compared to the prone posture. However, there was no significant difference in carpal flexion kinematics between groups. Abnormalities were tentatively identified in the kinematics MRI of 7 symptomatic wrists, and subsequent clinical imaging confirmed presumably post-traumatic injuries in 3 wrists and 12 intraosseous ganglia in 3 wrists. The etiology of intraosseous ganglia is controversial, but several theories implicates chronic ligament stress. The prevalence of abnormalities in the symptomatic wrists suggests that MRI may be useful in detecting wrist abnormalities related to UEMSD symptoms. The third objective of this thesis was to compare wrist flexion range of motion and the prevalence of MRI-identified abnormalities between UEMSD and asymptomatic computer users. The UEMSD group exhibited significantly reduced dominant wrist flexion compared to controls. There was no significant loss of flexion between the prone and supine forearm postures in either group, which may be related to the frequent finding of subluxation or dislocation of the distal extensor carpi ulnaris tendon. Extraosseous ganglia were common in both symptomatic and asymptomatic wrists, and there was no significant difference in their size. Intraosseous ganglia were more frequent and significantly larger in the symptomatic wrists. The symptoms associated with intraosseous ganglia may be related to their size, and symptoms were often well-localized to the sites of the larger intraosseous ganglia. The results of this study suggest that increased antagonist muscle tension in symptomatic computer users may increase ligament stress. To the best of our knowledge this is the first MRI study comparing the prevalence of wrist abnormalities between symptomatic and asymptomatic computer users

Ultrasound imaging in joint and soft tissue inflammation

The use of ultrasound as an extended and more objective investigation performed as an extension of physical examination has a potential role in studying inflammation in different rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RT) and spondylarthropathy (SpA). Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease causing joint inflammation and destruction. Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint involvement is one of the earliest and most permanent signs of RA. US has been used to detect synovitis and erosions in MCP joints with high accuracy when compared to X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In RA joints, power Doppler has been used to detect increased blood flow as a potential sign of inflammation but grey-scale and power Doppler ultrasonography was not compared to another method to detect increased blood flow in MCP joints. After RA the next most common inflammatory group of diseases are the seronegative spondylarthropathies. In SpA joint inflammation and ankylosis occur in addition to periarticular enthesitis, which is one of the major hallmarks of the disease and has been poorly studied by ultrasonography. In order to reduce observer variation in musculoskeletal ultrasound examination to the level of other imaging methods it is necessary to avoid direct contact between the observer and the subject. This problem has been addressed in the aerospace industry and led to the development of air-coupled non-destructive testing. Air-coupled ultrasonography has the potential in medial imaging to exclude observer variation if it is able to depict human anatomy. There are currently no data regarding airborne ultrasound in the musculoskeletal ultrasound literature