Human Machine Interaction

In this book, the reader will find a set of papers divided into two sections. The first section presents different proposals focused on the human-machine interaction development process. The second section is devoted to different aspects of interaction, with a special emphasis on the physical interaction

Resilience, Reliability, and Recoverability (3Rs)

Recent natural and human-made disasters, mortgage derivatives crises, and the need for stable systems in different areas have renewed interest in the concept of resilience, especially as it relates to complex industrial systems with mechanical failures. This concept in the engineering systems (infrastructure) domain could be interpreted as the probability that system conditions exceed an irrevocable tipping point. But the probability in this subject covers the different areas that different approaches and indicators can evaluate. In this context, reliability engineering is used the reliability (uptime) and recoverability (downtime) indicators (or performance indicators) as the most useful probabilistic tools for performance measurement. Therefore, our research penalty area is the resilience concept in combination with reliability and recoverability. It must be said that the resilience evaluators must be considering a diversity of knowledge sources. In this thesis, the literature review points to several important implications for understanding and applying resilience in the engineering area and The Arctic condition. Indeed, we try to understand the application and interaction of different performance-based resilience concepts. In this way, a collection of the most popular performance-based resilience analysis methods with an engineering perspective is added as a state-of-the-art review. The performance indicators studies reveal that operational conditions significantly affect the components, industry activities, and infrastructures performance in various ways. These influential factors (or heterogeneity) can broadly be studied into two groups: observable and unobservable risk factors in probability analysis of system performance. The covariate-based models (regression), such as proportional hazard models (PHM), and their extent are the most popular methods for quantifying observable and unobservable risk factors. The report is organized as follows: After a brief introduction of resilience, chapters 2,3 priorly provide a comprehensive statistical overview of the reliability and recoverability domain research by using large scientific databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. As the first subsection, a detailed review of publications in the reliability and recoverability assessment of the engineering systems in recent years (since 2015) is provided. The second subsection of these chapters focuses on research done in the Arctic region. The last subsection presents covariate-based reliability and recoverability models. Finally, in chapter 4, the first part presents the concept and definitions of resilience. The literature reviews four main perspectives: resilience in engineering systems, resilience in the Arctic area, the integration of “Resilience, Reliability, and Recoverability (3Rs)”, and performance-based resilience models

Biopsychosocial Assessment and Ergonomics Intervention for Sustainable Living: A Case Study on Flats

This study proposes an ergonomics-based approach for those who are living in small housings (known as flats) in Indonesia. With regard to human capability and limitation, this research shows how the basic needs of human beings are captured and analyzed, followed by proposed designs of facilities and standard living in small housings. Ninety samples were involved during the study through in- depth interview and face-to-face questionnaire. The results show that there were some proposed of modification of critical facilities (such as multifunction ironing work station, bed furniture, and clothesline) and validated through usability testing. Overall, it is hoped that the proposed designs will support biopsychosocial needs and sustainability

Conference on Intelligent Robotics in Field, Factory, Service, and Space (CIRFFSS 1994), volume 1

The AIAA/NASA Conference on Intelligent Robotics in Field, Factory, Service, and Space (CIRFFSS '94) was originally proposed because of the strong belief that America's problems of global economic competitiveness and job creation and preservation can partly be solved by the use of intelligent robotics, which are also required for human space exploration missions. Individual sessions addressed nuclear industry, agile manufacturing, security/building monitoring, on-orbit applications, vision and sensing technologies, situated control and low-level control, robotic systems architecture, environmental restoration and waste management, robotic remanufacturing, and healthcare applications

Identification and Optimal Linear Tracking Control of ODU Autonomous Surface Vehicle

Autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) are being used for diverse applications of civilian and military importance such as: military reconnaissance, sea patrol, bathymetry, environmental monitoring, and oceanographic research. Currently, these unmanned tasks can accurately be accomplished by ASVs due to recent advancements in computing, sensing, and actuating systems. For this reason, researchers around the world have been taking interest in ASVs for the last decade. Due to the ever-changing surface of water and stochastic disturbances such as wind and tidal currents that greatly affect the path-following ability of ASVs, identification of an accurate model of inherently nonlinear and stochastic ASV system and then designing a viable control using that model for its planar motion is a challenging task. For planar motion control of ASV, the work done by researchers is mainly based on the theoretical modeling in which the nonlinear hydrodynamic terms are determined, while some work suggested the nonlinear control techniques and adhered to simulation results. Also, the majority of work is related to the mono- or twin-hull ASVs with a single rudder. The ODU-ASV used in present research is a twin-hull design having two DC trolling motors for path-following motion. A novel approach of time-domain open-loop observer Kalman filter identifications (OKID) and state-feedback optimal linear tracking control of ODU-ASV is presented, in which a linear state-space model of ODU-ASV is obtained from the measured input and output data. The accuracy of the identified model for ODU-ASV is confirmed by validation results of model output data reconstruction and benchmark residual analysis. Then, the OKID-identified model of the ODU-ASV is utilized to design the proposed controller for its planar motion such that a predefined cost function is minimized using state and control weighting matrices, which are determined by a multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm technique. The validation results of proposed controller using step inputs as well as sinusoidal and arc-like trajectories are presented to confirm the controller performance. Moreover, real-time water-trials were performed and their results confirm the validity of proposed controller in path-following motion of ODU-ASV

Products and Services

Today’s global economy offers more opportunities, but is also more complex and competitive than ever before. This fact leads to a wide range of research activity in different fields of interest, especially in the so-called high-tech sectors. This book is a result of widespread research and development activity from many researchers worldwide, covering the aspects of development activities in general, as well as various aspects of the practical application of knowledge

Design operators

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-61).Design operators is a thesis that investigates the nature and characteristics of the design process by examining the interaction of computation with architectural design. The effects of the introduction of these media in design are traced and their quantitative and qualitative characteristics are identified. The thesis hints for an emerging design mentality delineated by the implementation, documentation and critical evaluation of a series of experimental projects in computational design.by Stylianos Dritsas.S.M

Investigation of in-situ alloying grade 23 Titanium with Copper by Selective Laser Melting Process for biomedical applications

Thesis (Master of Engineering: Mechanical Engineering) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2018The medical industry has successfully utilised additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as laser and electron beam powder bed fusion (LPBF and E-PBF), to manufacture complex shapes from biocompatible materials in order to produce implants using computer aided design (CAD) geometry based on medical Computer Tomography (CT) scan data. AM transforms the original design of the customised digital model directly to the physical device. Modern medicine utilises the benefits of LPBF to manufacture complex customised implants with biocompatible materials. Ti6Al4V alloy is the most used Titanium alloy that has the appropriate mechanical, corrosion and biocompatible properties. Infection is the most common postoperative complication resulting in device failure after implantation. Copper is a proven antibacterial agent and in small amounts, is not toxic to the human body. Functionalisation of Ti6Al4V implants structure with Cu additions at the bone–implant interface, reduces the risk of bacterial infection. LPBF combines the advantages of powder metallurgy with complete melting of powder mixtures and provides a unique opportunity for the design of new alloys utilising compositions impossible for conventional methods. Manufacturing of titanium alloys and copper materials from a mixture of elemental powders and in-situ mixing and alloying during manufacturing, is an example of such an approach. The formation of in-situ Ti6Al4V-x at.% Cu (1%, 3% and 5% Cu) alloy structures by LPBF for application in medical implants was investigated. Ti6Al4V Extra low interstitials (ELI) powder was mixed with pure copper powder of similar particle size distribution. Process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, hatch distance and layer thickness directly affect the surface quality and part density. Optimal process parameters were established for in-situ alloying Ti6Al4V-x% Cu to form dense parts with suitable microstructural and surface quality. Firstly, single track formation was studied at different scanning speeds for 170 W and 340 Wlaser powers. The effect of laser power and scanning speed on the track width and shape was described. Secondly, the surface roughness and single layer morphology was considered. Dense non-porous in-situ alloyed 3D samples were produced and analysed. Future research on mechanical properties, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity is required to substantiate the functional properties of in-situ Ti6Al4V-x at.% Cu (1%, 3% and 5% Cu) alloys