Framework for Product Lifecycle Management integration in Small and Medium Enterprises networks

In order to improve the performance of extended enterprises, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) must be integrated into the extended networks. This integration must be carried out on several levels which are mastered by the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). But, PLM is underdeveloped in SMEs mainly because of the difficulties in implementing information systems. This paper aims to propose a modeling framework to facilitate the implementation of PLM systems in SMEs. Our approach proposes a generic model for the creation of processes and data models. These models are explained, based on the scope and framework of the modeling, in order to highlight the improvements provided

Industrial Internet of Things, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence in the Smart Factory: a survey and perspective

International audienceThanks to the rapid development and applications of advanced technologies, we are experiencing the fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0, which is a revolution towards smart manufacturing. The wide use of cyber physical systems and Internet of Things leads to the era of Big Data in industrial manufacturing. Artificial Intelligence algorithms emerge as powerful analytics tools to process and analyze the Big Data. These advanced technologies result in the introduction of a new concept in the Industry 4.0: the smart Factory. In order to fully understand this new concept in the context of the Industry 4.0, this paper provides a survey on the key components of a smart factory and the link between them, including the Industrial Internet of Things, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. Several studies and techniques that are used to enable smart manufacturing are reviewed. Finally, we discuss some perspectives for further researches

Localization Algorithms of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), localization is one of most important technologies since it plays a critical role in many applications. Motivated by widespread adoption of localization, in this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of localization algorithms. First, we classify localization algorithms into three categories based on sensor nodes’ mobility: stationary localization algorithms, mobile localization algorithms and hybrid localization algorithms. Moreover, we compare the localization algorithms in detail and analyze future research directions of localization algorithms in UWSNs

Smart Metering Using GSM

Recently, many engineers has discovered and attracted to Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) that said to be replacing the human operator meter reading in the future. AMR has many advantages over the traditional method which made it the preferred method in the residential distribution meter. Although AMR is not yet the dominant method, but with evolution of the technology and the subsequent research on various AMR medium this method with no doubt will be the common usage in the future. This paper discovered various advantages of this method and studied on one of the AMR medium that is using GSM (Global System Mobile) modem

Portable, Non-Invasive Fall Risk Assessment in End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis

Patients with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) have high morbidity and mortality due to multiple causes, one of which is dramatically higher fall rates than the general population. The mobility mechanisms that contribute to falls in this population must be understood if adequate interventions for fall prevention are to be achieved. This study utilizes emerging noninvasive, portable gait, posture, strength, and stability assessment technologies to extract various mobility parameters that research has shown to be predictive of fall risk in the general population. As part of an ongoing human subjects study, mobility measures such as postural and locomotion profiles were obtained from five (5) ESRD patients undergoing HD treatments. To assess the effects of post-HD-fatigue on fall risk, both the pre- and post-HD measurements were obtained. Additionally, the effects of inter-HD periods (two days vs. three days) were investigated using the non-invasive, wireless, body-worn motion capture technology and novel signal processing algorithms. The results indicated that HD treatment influenced strength and mobility (i.e., weaker and slower after the dialysis, increasing the susceptibility to falls while returning home) and interdialysis period influenced pre-HD profiles (increasing the susceptibility to falls before they come in for a HD treatment). Methodology for early detection of increased fall risk – before a fall event occurs – using the portable mobility assessment technology for out-patient monitoring is further explored, including targeting interventions to identified individuals for fall prevention

Empirical stairwell propagation models for long term evolution applications

This thesis presents investigation of path loss, PL, and shadowing, Xσ, of signal wave along and about multi floor stairways that have dog-leg stairwell configuration. The objective is to develop frequency-dependent empirical propagation models that could approximate PL and Xσ for two conditions. The first condition is when both transmitter, Tx, and receiver, Rx, are within the stairwell structure. The second condition is when either one of the Tx or Rx is inside adjacent rooms to the stairwells. Attention was also drawn towards the influence of stair flights and floor height to attenuation of signal wave as it propagates within the stairwell. Analysing the impact of the aforementioned structures within the stairwell, signal wave propagating between stairwell and adjacent in-building space as well as developing frequency-dependant empirical propagation model are research areas which have yet to be covered by previous propagation studies pertaining to multi floor stairway. Frequencies of interest, f, ranged from 0.7 GHz up to 2.5 GHz that cover various long term evolution (LTE) and public safety communication bands. Research works involved measurement campaign in four different multi-floor buildings inside Universiti Teknologi Malaysia’s campus. PL’s relations with separation distance between Tx and Rx, d, and f were formulated with auxiliary site-specific terms added to improve two proposed empirical propagation models. It was found that for signal wave propagation where both Tx and Rx were within the stairwell, placing Rx at elevated or lower position than Tx does not influence significantly recorded PL data. However, for propagation between stairwell and adjacent rooms, placing Rx at elevated or lower than Tx may influence significantly recorded PL data. Suitable measurement campaign planning was arranged in the light of this finding. The proposed models were then examined and compared with ITU-R, COST and WINNER II indoor empirical propagation models. From measurement in dedicated testing sites, it was demonstrated that the proposed models have the smallest computed mean, μR, relative to the other standard models. The largest μR was -2.96 dB with a 3.34 dB standard deviation, σR. On the other hand, results from COST, ITU-R and WINNER II models demonstrated lower precision in all inspected settings, with the largest μR being 8.06 dB, 7.71 dB and 15.98 dB respectively and their σR being 3.79 dB, 6.82 dB and 9.40 dB accordingly. The results suggest that the proposed PL models, which considered the impact of building structures within and about the stairwell could provide higher PL prediction’s accuracy for wireless communication planning pertaining to the stairwell environment, particularly for public safety responders

사용자 중심의 밀리미터파 통신 시스템을 위한 이동성 인식 분석 프레임워크 및 네트워크 관리 기법

학위논문 (박사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 전기·정보공학부, 2021. 2. 박세웅.Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication enables high rate transmission, but its network performance may be degraded significantly due to blockages between the transmitter and receiver. There have been two approaches to overcome the blockage effect and enhance link reliability: multi-connectivity and ultra-dense network (UDN). Particularly, multi-connectivity under a UDN environment facilitates user-centric communication. It requires dynamic configuration of serving base station groups so that each user experiences high quality services. This dissertation studies a mathematical framework and network manament schemes for user-centric mmWave communication systems. First, we models user mobility and mobility-aware performance in user-centric mmWave communication systems with multi-connectivity, and proposes a new analytical framework based on the stochastic geometry. To this end, we derive compact mathematical expressions for state transitions and probabilities of various events that each user experiences. Then we investigate mobility-aware performance in terms of network overhead and downlink throughput. This helps us to understand network operation in depth, and impacts of network density and multi-connection capability on the probability of handover related events. Numerical results verify the accuracy of our analysis and illustrate the correlation between mobility-aware performance and user speed. Next, we propose user-oriented configuration rules and price based association algorithms for user-centric mmWave networks with fully/partially wired backhauls. We develop a fair association algorithm by solving the optimization problem that we formulate for mmWave UDNs. The algorithm includes an access price based per-user request decision method and a price adjustment rule for load balancing. Based on insights from the algorithm, we develop path-aware access pricing policy for mmWave integrated access and backhaul networks. Numerical evaluations show that our proposed methods are superior to other comparative schemes. Our findings from analysis and optimization provide useful insights into the design of user-centric mmWave communication systems.밀리미터파 통신은 고속 전송을 가능하게 하지만 송신기와 수신기 사이의 장애물로 인해 네트워크 성능이 크게 저하될 수 있다. 장애물 효과를 극복하고 링크 안정성을 향상시키는 다중 연결 및 네트워크 초고밀화 두가지 접근법이 있다. 특히 각 사용자가 고품질의 서비스를 경험할 수 있도록 서빙 기지국 그룹의 동적 구성이 필요하므로 초고밀도 네트워크 환경에서 다중 연결은 사용자 중심 통신을 용이하게 한다. 본 논문은 사용자 중심의 밀리미터파 통신 시스템을 위한 수학적 프레임워크와 네트워크 관리 체계를 연구한다. 먼저 다중 연결을 사용하여 사용자 중심의 밀리미터파 통신 시스템에서 사용자 이동성과 이동성 인식 성능 지표를 모델링하고 확률기하분석을 기반으로 하는 새로운 분석 프레임워크를 제안한다. 이를 위해 각 사용자가 경험하는 다양한 이벤트의 상태 전이 확률에 대한 수학적 표현을 도출한다. 그런 다음 네트워크 오버헤드 및 다운 링크 수율 측면에서 이동성 인식 성능을 연구한다. 이를 통해 네트워크 운영에 대한 깊이있는 이해와 네트워크 밀도 및 다중 연결 기능이 핸드 오버와 관련된 이벤트의 확률에 미치는 영향을 이해할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 분석의 정확성을 검증하고 이동성 인식 성능과 사용자 속도 간의 상관 관계를 보여준다. 다음으로 완전 또는 부분 유선 백홀이 있는 사용자 중심 밀리미터파 네트워크를 위한 사용자 중심 구성 규칙 및 접속 가격 기반 연결 알고리즘을 제안한다. 밀리미터파 초고밀도 네트워크에 대한 최적화 문제를 해결하여 공정한 연결 알고리즘을 개발한다. 이 알고리즘에는 접속 가격 기반 사용자 별 요청 결정 방법과 로드 밸런싱을 위한 가격 조정 규칙이 포함된다. 위 알고리즘 개발을 통해 얻은 통찰력을 기반으로 밀리미터파 통합 액세스 및 백홀 네트워크를 위한 경로 인식 접속 요금 정책을 개발한다. 수치 평가에 따르면 제안된 방법이 다른 비교 기법보다 우수하다. 분석 및 최적화 결과는 사용자 중심의 밀리미터파 통신 시스템 설계에 대한 유용한 통찰력을 제공할 것 이다.Abstract i Contents iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Outline and Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Mobility-Aware Analysis of MillimeterWave Communication Systems with Blockages 5 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.1 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.2 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 System Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.1 Network Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.2 Connectivity Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2.3 Mobility Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 Mobility-Aware Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.1 Analytical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.2 Urban Scenario with Ultra-Densely Deployed BSs . . . . . . 18 2.3.3 Handover Analysis for Macrodiversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.3.4 Normalized Network Overhead and Mobility-Aware Downlink Throughput with Greedy User Association . . . . . . . . 24 2.4 Numerical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3 Association Control for User-Centric Millimeter Wave Communication Systems 34 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.2 System Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2.1 Network Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2.2 Channel Model and Achievable Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.2.3 User Centric mmWave Communication Framework . . . . . . 39 3.3 Traffic Load Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.3.1 Optimal Association and Admission Control . . . . . . . . . 45 3.3.2 Outage Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3.4 Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.4.1 Evaluation Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.4.2 Performance Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4 Path Selection and Path-Aware Access Pricing Policy in Millimeter Wave IAB Networks 60 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.2 System Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.2.1 Geographic and Pathloss Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.2.2 IAB Network Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.3 Path Selection Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.4 Path-Aware Access Pricing Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.5 Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 4.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5 Conclusion 80 5.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.2 Limitations and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Abstract (In Korean) 90Docto

Distance Measurement Error Modeling for Time-of-Arrival Based Indoor Geolocation

In spite of major research initiatives by DARPA and other research organizations, precise indoor geolocation still remains as a challenge facing the research community. The core of this challenge is to understand the cause of large ranging errors in estimating the time of arrival (TOA) of the direct path between the transmitter and the receiver. Results of wideband measurement in variety of indoor areas reveal that large ranging errors are caused by severe multipath conditions and frequent occurrence of undetected direct path (UDP) situations. Empirical models for the behavior of the ranging error, which we refer to as the distance measurement error (DME), its relation to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver and the bandwidth of the system is needed for development of localization algorithms for precise indoor geolocation. The main objective of this dissertation is to design a direct empirical model for the behavior of the DME. In order to achieve this objective we provide a framework for modeling of DME, which relates the error to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver and bandwidth of the system. Using this framework we first designed a set of preliminary models for the behavior of the DME based on the CWINS proprietary measurement calibrated ray-tracing simulation tool. Then, we collected a database of 2934 UWB channel impulse response measurements at 3-8GHz in four different buildings to incorporate a variety of building materials and architectures. This database was used for the design of more in depth and realistic models for the behavior of the DME. The DME is divided into two components, Multipath-DME (MDME) and UDP-DME (UDME). Based on the empirical data, models for the behavior of each of these components are developed. These models reflect the sensitivity to bandwidth and show that by increasing the bandwidth MDME decreases. However in UDME the behavior is complicated. At first it reduces as we increase the bandwidth but after a certain bandwidth it starts to increase. In addition to these models through an analysis on direct path power versus the total power the average probability of having a UDP was calculated

Powerline Communication in Home-Building Automation Systems

Domotics, Smart Home Systems, Ambient Intelligence are all terms that describe the intelligent cooperation of several different equipments to manage the home environment in an intelligent, safe and comfortable way. The same idea is also applicable to bigger constructions, and in that case it takes the name of Building Automation. Whatever term one wants to use, it refers to a multidisciplinary field that includes informatics, electronics, automation and telecommunication, and also touches fields like building constructions and architecture. In fact, during the process of designing a building, people have to consider appropriate spaces for the electric plant, and if the presence of a domotic system is planned, it is better to take it into account during the design phase, just to optimize spaces, the amount of used wires, the position of the modules and so on. There are really many home system producers in the world (Smart Home Systems, EIB-Konnex, Lonworks, Bticino, Vimar, Duemmegi, EasyDom Corporation, Futurware, Digital Cybermasters, Hills Home Systems, Intellihome etc, just to mention a few) , and their products differ from each others in many characteristics, such as functionality, dimension, weight, typology of installation, materials, net topology, power consumes, aesthetic appearance, communication protocol and communication mean. Regarding this last point, the majority of the domotic systems, especially in Europe, tend to use a dedicated bus cable to exchange data among modules, to make the communication link more robust and reliable. Lately, using radio communication is in fashion, but radio modules, respect to their equivalent standard ones, are more expensive, and in the bargain many people don’t want to use them due to the fear of radio signals (even if it were proved that they are completely harmless). Another communication mean, that is often not taken into account, is the powerline. In point of fact, using the installed poweline wires to send information is a very smart idea: there is no additional cost to install other dozens of meters of wires, there is not the necessity to break the walls and to do building works at home, there are no interferences with other devices (like in the radio communication case) or reflection problems (like in the infrared case), there is the possibility to put the modules in every place (it is sufficient to have an electrical socket in the nearness, or to use an extension cable), there is no need to have an extra power source (usually, in a bus cable domotic system, there is a direct voltage generated by a power supply and distribuited on the whole domotic net). Moreover, powerline communication (PLC, also called BPL in the USA, where the acronym stays for Broadband over Power Line, or NPL, Narroband over Power Line) is not only used in a home environment to create a virtual net among domotic modules, but is also used on the power distribution net to perform actions like reading the electricity meter, monitoring the power consumes and the state of a building, finding faults along the net, detecting illegal electricity usages and to solve the so-called last mile problem , that is the problem related to the final leg of delivering connectivity from a communications provider to a customer. In fact a cheap possibility to cover this final leg is using powerline communication. The intent of this work is therefore to illustrate, going into more details, advantages and disadvantages of the powerline communication systems (PLCS), to show the differences between PLCS for power distribution net and PLCS for home and building environments, to indagate the methods to send data over the powerline, to explain which are the automations that is possible to connect and to control in a powerline domotic system and to show some case studies tackled by the authors

An Intelligent Mobility Prediction Scheme for Location-Based Service over Cellular Communications Network

One of the trickiest challenges introduced by cellular communications networks is mobility prediction for Location Based-Services (LBSs). Hence, an accurate and efficient mobility prediction technique is particularly needed for these networks. The mobility prediction technique incurs overheads on the transmission process. These overheads affect properties of the cellular communications network such as delay, denial of services, manual filtering and bandwidth. The main goal of this research is to enhance a mobility prediction scheme in cellular communications networks through three phases. Firstly, current mobility prediction techniques will be investigated. Secondly, innovation and examination of new mobility prediction techniques will be based on three hypothesises that are suitable for cellular communications network and mobile user (MU) resources with low computation cost and high prediction success rate without using MU resources in the prediction process. Thirdly, a new mobility prediction scheme will be generated that is based on different levels of mobility prediction. In this thesis, a new mobility prediction scheme for LBSs is proposed. It could be considered as a combination of the cell and routing area (RA) prediction levels. For cell level prediction, most of the current location prediction research is focused on generalized location models, where the geographic extent is divided into regular-shape cells. These models are not suitable for certain LBSs where the objectives are to compute and present on-road services. Such techniques are the New Markov-Based Mobility Prediction (NMMP) and Prediction Location Model (PLM) that deal with inner cell structure and different levels of prediction, respectively. The NMMP and PLM techniques suffer from complex computation, accuracy rate regression and insufficient accuracy. In this thesis, Location Prediction based on a Sector Snapshot (LPSS) is introduced, which is based on a Novel Cell Splitting Algorithm (NCPA). This algorithm is implemented in a micro cell in parallel with the new prediction technique. The LPSS technique, compared with two classic prediction techniques and the experimental results, shows the effectiveness and robustness of the new splitting algorithm and prediction technique. In the cell side, the proposed approach reduces the complexity cost and prevents the cell level prediction technique from performing in time slots that are too close. For these reasons, the RA avoids cell-side problems. This research discusses a New Routing Area Displacement Prediction for Location-Based Services (NRADP) which is based on developed Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The NRADP, compared with Mobility Prediction based on an Ant System (MPAS) and the experimental results, shows the effectiveness, higher prediction rate, reduced search stagnation ratio, and reduced computation cost of the new prediction technique