Annual performance indicators of enforced driver behaviours in South Australia, 2007

This report was produced to quantify performance indicators for selected enforced driver behaviours (drink driving, drug driving, speeding and restraint use) in South Australia for the calendar year 2007. The level of random breath testing (RBT) in South Australia in 2007 decreased slightly but remained at a relatively high level. The proportion of tests conducted using mobile RBT continued to increase. The detection rate based on evidentiary testing increased in 2007 to the highest level on record, while the detection rate for screening tests decreased. Detection rates in South Australia were comparable with those in other states. Just over 12,000 drug tests were conducted during 2007, the first full year of random drug testing. Relative to other Australian jurisdictions supplying comparative data, South Australia had the highest testing rate per head of population. Around 24 drivers per 1,000 tested were confirmed positive for at least one of the three prescribed drugs with methylamphetamine the most commonly detected drug. Of the fatally injured drivers who were drug tested in 2007, 25 per cent tested positive for illicit drugs. There was a slight decrease in the number of hours spent on speed detection in 2007. Nevertheless, the total number of speed detections increased, with increases observed for speed camera and red light/speed cameras, the latter most likely due to the expansion of the program. The detection rate (per hour of enforcement and per 1,000 vehicles passing speed cameras) increased by around 30 per cent. Data from systematic speed surveys, introduced in 2007, indicated that travelling speeds on South Australian roads were increasing. The number of restraint offences in 2007 decreased by 14 per cent. Males were charged with more restraint offences and were more likely to be unrestrained in fatal and serious injury crashes than females, indicating that males remain an important target for restraint enforcement. The 2007 publicity campaign focused on the consequences of not using restraints rather than increasing the perceived risk of detection.LN Wundersitz, K Hiranandani, MRJ Baldoc

The role of traffic officials in reducing road accidents in Windhoek

The role of traffic officials in road management is very important not only to ensure a smooth flow of traffic, but also to prevent negligent and reckless driving, which could result in road accidents. In light of this, the current study embarked on a research journey to investigate the challenges facing traffic officials in Windhoek (Namibia) to reduce road accidents. To achieve the goal of this study, the researcher embarked on a qualitative research approach to obtain in-depth information from traffic officials regarding their experiences in reducing road accidents in Windhoek. Following a purposive sampling method to identify the research participants, the researcher also used semi-structured interviews to guide his interviews with the research participants. The problem in this study concerns the high number of road accidents within the Windhoek area. Between 2012 and 2016, the Namibian Police Force Report (2015/2016) recorded 3 052 accidents on Namibian roads, in which 5 289 people were injured and 524 killed. Motorists’ negative attitudes towards traffic laws and regulations, unroadworthy vehicles and poor road conditions were identified as the leading causes of road accidents and presented the biggest challenges to traffic officials. Some of the challenges that traffic officials encounter are in respect of law enforcement for motorists driving under the influence of alcohol, enforcement of speed restrictions, the limited number of traffic officials to do patrols, an insufficient number of cameras monitoring traffic lights, uncooperative witnesses during car accidents as well as corruption on the side of fellow traffic officials. In order to reduce the high rate of road accidents in Windhoek, this study recommends an increase in traffic officials’ visibility on the roads, clear standards and guidelines for vehicle inspection pertaining to roadworthiness, toll free lines for reporting corrupt traffic officials, cooperation among stakeholders as well as multilingual road safety educational programmes.Seabe sa batlhankedi ba pharakano mo tsamaisong ya tsela se botlhokwa thata mme e seng fela go netefatsa gore pharakano e elela sentle, fela le go thibela go kgweetsa go go botlhaswa go go ka bakang dikotsi tsa tsela. Go lebeletswe seno, thutopatlisiso ya ga jaana e nnile leeto la patlisiso go batlisisa dikgwetlho tse di itemogelwang ke batlhankedi ba pharakano kwa Windhoek (Namibia) malebana le go fokotsa dikotsi tsa tsela. Go fitlhelela maitlhomo a thutopatlisiso eno, mmatlisisi o tsere molebo wa patlisiso o o lebelelang mabaka go bona tshedimosetso e e tseneletseng go tswa mo batlhankeding ba pharakano malebana le maitemogelo a bona mo go fokotseng dikotsi tsa tsela kwa Windhoek. Ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go tlhopha sampole go ya ka maikemisetso a thutopatlisiso go supa bannileseabe ba patlisiso, mmatlisisi o ne a dirisa gape dipotsolotso tse di batlileng di rulagane go kaela dipotsolotso tsa gagwe le bannileseabe ba patlisiso. Bothata jo bo mo thutopatlisisong eno bo malebana le palo e e kwa godimo ya dikotsi tsa tsela mo tikologong ya Windhoek. Magareng ga 2012 le 2016, Pegelo ya Sepodisi sa Namibia (2015/2016) e rekotile dikotsi di le 3 052 mo ditseleng tsa Namibia, moo batho ba le 5 289 ba gobetseng mme ba le 524 ba tlhokafetse. Maitsholo a bakgweetsi a a nyatsang melao le melawana ya pharakano, dikoloi tse di sa siamelang tsela mmogo le maemo a a sa siamang a ditsela di supilwe e le mabaka a magolo a a bakang dikotsi tsa tsela mme e le kgwetlho e kgolo mo batlhankeding ba pharakano. Dingwe tsa dikgwetlho tse di itemogelwang ke batlhankedi ba pharakano di malebana le tiragatso ya molao mo bakgweetsing ba ba kgweetsang ba nole nnotagi, tiragatso ya dipeelo tsa lebelo, palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya batlhankedi ba pharakano ba ba paterolang, palo e e tlhaelang ya dikhamera tse di tlhokomelang mabone a pharakano, dipaki tse di se nang tirisanommogo ka nako ya dikotsi tsa tsela gammogo le bobodu mo ntlheng ya badirammogo ba batlhankedi ba pharakano. Gore go fokodiwe kelo e e kwa godimo ya dikotsi tsa tsela kwa Windhoek, thutopatlisiso eno e atlenegisa gore go okediwe ponagalo ya batlhankedi ba pharakano mo ditseleng, dipeelo le dikaedi tse di malebana le tlhatlhobo ya dikoloi malebana le go siamela go nna mo tseleng, megala e e sa duelelweng gore go begwe batlhankedi ba pharakano ba ba tletseng bobodu, tirisanommogo magareng ga baamegi gammogo le mananeo a dipuodintsi a thuto ya ipabalelo tseleng.Police PracticeM. Tech. (Policing

Reducing Noise, Contaminants, and Unintended Stresses in Emergency Medical Triage Units

The objective of this Interactive Qualifying Project is to evaluate the occurrence of noise, contaminant, and unintended stress in emergency triage care units and their impact on the patient care. Data are gathered from focus groups, surveys and the literature dealing with these themes to measure the quality of patient care in recovery, efficiency, evaluation, diagnosis, intervention, treatment, and services (REEDITS) system. Implementation of sound insulated machine boxes, smart materials, and sound absorbing ceiling and floor tiles are recommended as potential solutions. Continued effort to eliminate noises, contaminants, and unintended stresses in emergency triage care units is seen as a greater chance to enhance patient comfort, shortening hospital stay and reducing readmissions

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 130, July 1974

This special bibliography lists 291 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in June 1974

Annual performance indicators of enforced driver behaviours in South Australia, 2006

This report was produced to quantify performance indicators for selected enforced driver behaviours (drink driving, speeding and restraint use) in South Australia for the calendar year 2006. The level of random breath testing (RBT) in South Australia in 2006 increased by 7 per cent to its highest ever level. The detection rate based on evidentiary testing decreased in 2006 from the previous year but remained at a relatively high level, while the detection rate for screening tests increased to the highest level since recording commenced in 2003. There was an increase in the proportion of tests conducted using mobile RBT, which is due to the operation of unrestricted mobile RBT for the entire year for the first time. Detection rates in South Australia were comparable with those in other states. There was an increase (7%) in the number of hours spent on speed detection in 2006 compared to 2005, partly due to three months of speed camera inactivity in 2005. Apart from an increase in speed camera detections, red light/speed camera detections also increased (by 30%) in 2006, most likely due to the expansion of the program. The detection rate (per hour of enforcement and per 1,000 vehicles passing speed cameras) increased for the first time since 2001 but remained at a relatively low level. No urban speed surveys were conducted in 2006 but rural surveys revealed a decrease in travel speeds on rural roads. The number of restraint offences in 2006 was 13 per cent higher than the number in 2005. Males were charged with more restraint offences and were more likely to be unrestrained in fatal and serious injury crashes than females, indicating that males remain an important target for restraint enforcement. Publicity expenditure supporting restraint use decreased in 2006, most likely because an existing media campaign was used.LN Wundersitz, MRJ Baldoc

Biomedical and Human Factors Requirements for a Manned Earth Orbiting Station

This report is the result of a study conducted by Republic Aviation Corporation in conjunction with Spacelabs, Inc.,in a team effort in which Republic Aviation Corporation was prime contractor. In order to determine the realistic engineering design requirements associated with the medical and human factors problems of a manned space station, an interdisciplinary team of personnel from the Research and Space Divisions was organized. This team included engineers, physicians, physiologists, psychologists, and physicists. Recognizing that the value of the study is dependent upon medical judgments as well as more quantifiable factors (such as design parameters) a group of highly qualified medical consultants participated in working sessions to determine which medical measurements are required to meet the objectives of the study. In addition, various Life Sciences personnel from NASA (Headquarters, Langley, MSC) participated in monthly review sessions. The organization, team members, consultants, and some of the part-time contributors are shown in Figure 1. This final report embodies contributions from all of these participants

Analysis of good practices in Europe and Africa

According to the Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 of WHO (WHO, 2015), “road traffic injuries claim more than 1.2 million lives each year and have a huge impact on health and development”. Based on the WHO regions, there has been a deterioration in road fatality rates in the WHO Africa region from 24.1 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants in 2010 to 26.6 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants in 2013. Over the same period, there was an improvement in road fatality rates in the WHO Europe region. Road trauma in Africa is expected to worsen further, with fatalities per capita projected to double over the period 2015-2030 (Small and Runji, 2014). The SaferAfrica project aims at establishing a Dialogue Platform between Africa and Europe focused on road safety and traffic management issues. It will represent a high-level body with the main objective of providing recommendations to update the African Road Safety Action Plan and the African Road Safety Charter, as well as fostering the adoption of specific initiatives, properly funded. The main objective of work package 7 (WP7) is to analyse good road safety practices realised at country, corridor and regional levels in Africa and to compare these practices with those of other countries and with international experiences. Also included in this WP7, are good practices in road safety management and in the policy-making and integration of road safety with other policy areas. WP7 includes the definition of a transferability audit, tailored to Africa conditions that can be used to assess the suitability of road safety interventions in the context of African countries. Finally, promising local projects were identified, that may be implemented in selected African countries (Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Burkina Faso and South Africa); to this end, a procedure for assessing the potential adaptability to the local contexts (transferability audit) will be developed in WP7 and applied to promising interventions. Following a successful transferability audit, a detailed concept definition of the retained interventions will be made by SaferAfrica participants and local road safety experts. Furthermore, factsheets on five key challenging African safety issues will be developed as synthesised working documents, containing all technical and financial information necessary for understanding the corresponding set of proposed interventions...

The opinion of emergency medical service personnel regarding safety in pre-hospital emergency care practice

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine in Emergency Medicine Johannesburg, 2015The pre-hospital setting poses a potential threat to safety as emergency care takes place in a dynamic, uncontrolled and ever-changing environment. In addition Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel are generally overworked. All these factors translate to possible errors which may well compromise the health conditions of the patients. This study reflects the opinions of pre-hospital personnel regarding safety and as such the perception of the current state of safety in South African EMS. A prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional online survey was utilised to obtain opinions from respondents regarding pre-hospital safety in their work environment. Results A total of 610 electronic requests to partake in the survey were sent with a yield of 26.9% (n=164). A variety of questions relating to personal safety, patient safety and organisational safety culture were posed to the respondents. The typical respondent was a white (84%, n=134), male (69%, n=109), Advanced Life Support Paramedic (55%, n=86), between the age of 31 and 40 years (44%, n=69), who has between 11 and 15 years of EMS experience and works in in the private sector (62.5%, n=65). Concerns included management support, fatigue, vehicle accidents and interpersonal violence. The majority have been exposed to vehicle accidents (54.2%, n=84) and it is believed that management could do more to ensure vehicle safety. Interpersonal violence should not be considered an anomaly in the EMS. The perceived incidence of violence towards the respondents is 56% (n=88), which is lower than that experienced by their international EMS colleagues. This workplace interpersonal violence was deemed the most important safety concern. Most respondents did not seem to think that medical adverse events were particularly prevalent in their work environment, but appeared more comfortable admitting to having witnessed others making errors. Limitations include a convenience sample which does not represent all EMS, and it is recommended that a representative study be completed. Conclusion Contributing factors towards safety concerns include lack of management support, poor communication from management, fatigue, interpersonal violence and inadequate staffing. There is evidence of a focus on a patient safety culture within the EMS