A New Computational Schema for Euphonic Conjunctions in Sanskrit Processing

Automated language processing is central to the drive to enable facilitated referencing of increasingly available Sanskrit E-texts. The first step towards processing Sanskrit text involves the handling of Sanskrit compound words that are an integral part of Sanskrit texts. This firstly necessitates the processing of euphonic conjunctions or sandhi-s, which are points in words or between words, at which adjacent letters coalesce and transform. The ancient Sanskrit grammarian P??ini’s codification of the Sanskrit grammar is the accepted authority in the subject. His famed s?tra-s or aphorisms, numbering approximately four thousand, tersely, precisely and comprehensively codify the rules of the grammar, including all the rules pertaining to sandhi-s. This work presents a fresh new approach to processing sandhi-s in terms of a computational schema. This new computational model is based on P??ini’s complex codification of the rules of grammar. The model has simple beginnings and is yet powerful, comprehensive and computationally lean

Chamfort, doctor of morals : the maxim and the medical aphorism in late eighteenth-century France

The increasing prestige of medicine as a science, accompanied by the social rise of the doctor, in eighteenth-century France is well documented. What I would like to argue here, however, is that there exists a correspondence between the establishment of medicine as an independent field of study in eighteenth-century France and the increasing use and influence of an autonomous form of medical discourse, namely, the aphorism, in this period. This is not so much a question of the language used by the more renowned doctors of the day but of a form of discourse deeply imbued and associated with medical practice. (It is nonetheless true that certain famous physicians combined medical and literary roles. For instance, Theophile Bordeu intervenes significantly in Diderot's Le Reve d'Alembert, and Vicq d'Azyr, Marie-Antoinette's doctor, was elected to the Académie Française in 1788 in a sort of social consecration or medical discourse, implicitly incorporating his medical figure and figures into the socio-linguistic norms of 'le bon usage’ promoted by the Académie itself.) Yet what interests me particularly here is the insinuation of the medical aphorism itself into other fields of late eighteenth-century discourse, notably those of literature and politics, the traditional domains of the maxim

Chamfort, doctor of morals : the maxim and the medical aphorism in late eighteenth-century France

The increasing prestige of medicine as a science, accompanied by the social rise of the doctor, in eighteenth-century France is well documented. What I would like to argue here, however, is that there exists a correspondence between the establishment of medicine as an independent field of study in eighteenth-century France and the increasing use and influence of an autonomous form of medical discourse, namely, the aphorism, in this period. This is not so much a question of the language used by the more renowned doctors of the day but of a form of discourse deeply imbued and associated with medical practice. (It is nonetheless true that certain famous physicians combined medical and literary roles. For instance, Theophile Bordeu intervenes significantly in Diderot's Le Reve d'Alembert, and Vicq d'Azyr, Marie-Antoinette's doctor, was elected to the Académie Française in 1788 in a sort of social consecration or medical discourse, implicitly incorporating his medical figure and figures into the socio-linguistic norms of 'le bon usage’ promoted by the Académie itself.) Yet what interests me particularly here is the insinuation of the medical aphorism itself into other fields of late eighteenth-century discourse, notably those of literature and politics, the traditional domains of the maxim

Pleasant Grove City v. Summum: Identifying Government Speech & Classifying Speech Forums

In Pleasant Grove City v. Summum, the Supreme Court must decide whether a privately-donated Ten Commandments monument currently on display in a city park is the private speech of the donor or the government speech of Pleasant Grove City. Summum, a religious organization, sued Pleasant Grove City in federal court claiming that because the city had displayed in a city park a donated Ten Commandments monument, the First Amendment compelled the city to also accept and display Summum\u27s proposed Seven Aphorisms of Summum monument. If the Court decides it is the private speech of the donor, it will have to characterize the type of speech forum that exists in permanent monuments at a city park. These determinations will resolve whether Pleasant Grove City could constitutionally decline to erect Summum\u27s monument and clarify First Amendment jurisprudence regarding government speech and forum classification

Лексико-семантична класифікація афоризмів у картині світу Ліни Костенко

В статье предлагается лексико-семантическая характеристика афоризмов, сделана классификация опорных слов-афоризмов картины мира Лины Костенко.У статті пропонується лексико-семантична характеристика афоризмів, зроблена класифікація опорних слів-афоризмів картини світу Ліни Костенко.In clause the lexical-semantic characteristic of aphorisms is offered, the classification of basic words-aphorisms of a picture of the world of Lina Kostenko is made

Selected reading of Reflections; or Sentences and Moral Maxims

Course reading ebook adapted by Ian D. Dunkle from Project Gutenberg's Reflections, by Francois Duc De La Rochefoucauld, translated by J.W. Willis Bund and J. Hain Friswell.: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/9105In a distinctive and polished series of short aphorisms, La Rochefoucauld explores the oddities of human nature and how they affect our use of moral categories to understand the behavior of ourselves and others

Antonina Horokhovych as a Researcher of Lesia Ukrainka’s Aphoristic Discourse

Проаналізовано монографію Антоніни Горохович «Поетика Лесі Українки і її афоризми» (Вінніпег, 1980), систематизовано погляди інших учених на це дослідження. З’ясовано основну тезу праці А. Горохович та критично осмислено її аргументування. Дослідницьку концепцію простежено за розділами монографії. Зазначено, що в першому розділі А. Горохович проаналізувала природу творчого таланту Лесі Українки та з’ясувала зв’язок між філософічністю проблематики і тяжінням поетеси до жанру драматичної поеми, до гострого діалогу, до афористичної мови. У другому розділі дослідниця класифікувала афоризми та запропонувала їх філософську інтерпретацію. У третьому розділі А. Горохович простежила важливу роль афоризмів у драмати- зації ідей, поділилася міркуваннями про поетичність афоризмів. У четвертому розділі проаналізовано форму афоризмів, їх семантичне багатство. Зроблено висновок, що праця А. Горохович, попри деякі недоліки, стала суттєвим кроком в осмисленні творчого феномену Лесі Українки. The article analyzes the monograph "Lesia Ukrainka’s Poetics and Her Aphorisms" by Antonina Horokhovych (Winnipeg, 1980) and provides a systematized outline of other scholars’ views on this study. The main thesis of A. Horokhovich’s work is in the focus of elucidation, and her arguments are critically considered. The research concept is traced through all the chapters of the monograph. In the first chapter, A. Horokhovych analyzes the nature of the creative phenomenon of Lesia Ukrainka and reveals the interconnection between the philosophy of the topics and the poet’s preference for the genre of the dramatic poem, the captivating dialogue and the aphoristic language. In the second chapter, the researcher classifies aphorisms and offers their philosophical interpretation. In the third chapter, A. Horokhovych traced the importance of aphorisms for the dramatization of the ideas, shared her thoughts about the poetic nature of Lesia Ukrainka’s aphorisms. The fourth section analyzes the form of aphorisms, their semantic richness. The key findings of the study prove that A. Horokhovych’s monograph, despite some shortcomings, has become a significant step on the way of comprehending the creative phenomenon of Lesia Ukrainka