Artificial intelligence in the cyber domain: Offense and defense

Artificial intelligence techniques have grown rapidly in recent years, and their applications in practice can be seen in many fields, ranging from facial recognition to image analysis. In the cybersecurity domain, AI-based techniques can provide better cyber defense tools and help adversaries improve methods of attack. However, malicious actors are aware of the new prospects too and will probably attempt to use them for nefarious purposes. This survey paper aims at providing an overview of how artificial intelligence can be used in the context of cybersecurity in both offense and defense.Web of Science123art. no. 41

A Survey on Evolutionary Computation for Computer Vision and Image Analysis: Past, Present, and Future Trends

Computer vision (CV) is a big and important field in artificial intelligence covering a wide range of applications. Image analysis is a major task in CV aiming to extract, analyse and understand the visual content of images. However, imagerelated tasks are very challenging due to many factors, e.g., high variations across images, high dimensionality, domain expertise requirement, and image distortions. Evolutionary computation (EC) approaches have been widely used for image analysis with significant achievement. However, there is no comprehensive survey of existing EC approaches to image analysis. To fill this gap, this paper provides a comprehensive survey covering all essential EC approaches to important image analysis tasks including edge detection, image segmentation, image feature analysis, image classification, object detection, and others. This survey aims to provide a better understanding of evolutionary computer vision (ECV) by discussing the contributions of different approaches and exploring how and why EC is used for CV and image analysis. The applications, challenges, issues, and trends associated to this research field are also discussed and summarised to provide further guidelines and opportunities for future research

Analysis of physiological signals using machine learning methods

Technological advances in data collection enable scientists to suggest novel approaches, such as Machine Learning algorithms, to process and make sense of this information. However, during this process of collection, data loss and damage can occur for reasons such as faulty device sensors or miscommunication. In the context of time-series data such as multi-channel bio-signals, there is a possibility of losing a whole channel. In such cases, existing research suggests imputing the missing parts when the majority of data is available. One way of understanding and classifying complex signals is by using deep neural networks. The hyper-parameters of such models have been optimised using the process of back propagation. Over time, improvements have been suggested to enhance this algorithm. However, an essential drawback of the back propagation can be the sensitivity to noisy data. This thesis proposes two novel approaches to address the missing data challenge and back propagation drawbacks: First, suggesting a gradient-free model in order to discover the optimal hyper-parameters of a deep neural network. The complexity of deep networks and high-dimensional optimisation parameters presents challenges to find a suitable network structure and hyper-parameter configuration. This thesis proposes the use of a minimalist swarm optimiser, Dispersive Flies Optimisation(DFO), to enable the selected model to achieve better results in comparison with the traditional back propagation algorithm in certain conditions such as limited number of training samples. The DFO algorithm offers a robust search process for finding and determining the hyper-parameter configurations. Second, imputing whole missing bio-signals within a multi-channel sample. This approach comprises two experiments, namely the two-signal and five-signal imputation models. The first experiment attempts to implement and evaluate the performance of a model mapping bio-signals from A toB and vice versa. Conceptually, this is an extension to transfer learning using CycleGenerative Adversarial Networks (CycleGANs). The second experiment attempts to suggest a mechanism imputing missing signals in instances where multiple data channels are available for each sample. The capability to map to a target signal through multiple source domains achieves a more accurate estimate for the target domain. The results of the experiments performed indicate that in certain circumstances, such as having a limited number of samples, finding the optimal hyper-parameters of a neural network using gradient-free algorithms outperforms traditional gradient-based algorithms, leading to more accurate classification results. In addition, Generative Adversarial Networks could be used to impute the missing data channels in multi-channel bio-signals, and the generated data used for further analysis and classification tasks

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ГИБКОЙ И АДАПТИРУЕМОЙ НАВИГАЦИИ НАЗЕМНЫХ РОБОТОВ В ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДАХ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ИНТЕРАКТИВНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ

Federated learning is utilized for automated ground robot navigation, enabling decentralized training and continuous model adaptation. Strategies include hardware selection, ML model design, and hyperparameter fine-tuning. Real-world application involves optimizing communication protocols and evaluating performance with diverse network conditions. Federated learning shows promise for machine learning-based life learning systems in ground robot navigation. Research objective: to explore the use of federated learning in automated ground robot navigation and optimize the system for improved performance in dynamic environments. Materials and methods. The research utilizes federated learning to train machine learning models for ground robot navigation. Hardware selection, ML model design, and hyperparameter fine-tuning are employed. Communication protocols are optimized, and performance is evaluated using multiple gaming machine algorithms. Results. The results show that decreasing the learning rate and increasing hidden units improve model accuracy, while batch size has no significant impact. Communication protocols are evaluated, with Protocol A providing high efficiency but low security, Protocol B offering a balance, and Protocol C prioritizing security. Conclusion. The proposed approach using federated learning enables ground robots to navigate dynamic environments effectively. Optimizing the system involves selecting efficient communication protocols and fine-tuning hyperparameters. Future work includes integrating additional sensors, advanced ML models, and optimizing communication protocols for improved performance and integration with the control system. Overall, this approach enhances ground robot mobility in dynamic environments.Федеративное обучение используется для автоматизированной навигации наземных роботов, обеспечивая децентрализованное обучение и непрерывную адаптацию модели. Стратегии включают выбор оборудования, разработку модели машинного обучения и тонкую настройку гиперпараметров. Реальное приложение включает в себя оптимизацию протоколов связи и оценку производительности в различных сетевых условиях. Федеративное обучение показывает перспективы для систем обучения жизни на основе машинного обучения в навигации наземных роботов. Цель исследования: изучить использование федеративного обучения в автоматизированной навигации наземных роботов и оптимизировать систему для повышения производительности в динамических средах. Материалы и методы. В исследовании используется федеративное обучение для обучения моделей машинного обучения навигации наземных роботов. Используются выбор оборудования, проектирование модели машинного обучения и точная настройка гиперпараметров. Протоколы связи оптимизированы, а производительность оценивается с помощью нескольких алгоритмов игровых автоматов. Результаты. Результаты показывают, что уменьшение скорости обучения и увеличение числа скрытых единиц повышают точность модели, в то время как размер пакета не оказывает существенного влияния. Оцениваются коммуникационные протоколы: протокол A обеспечивает высокую эффективность, но низкую безопасность, протокол B предлагает баланс, а протокол C отдает приоритет безопасности. Заключение. Предлагаемый подход, использующий федеративное обучение, позволяет наземным роботам эффективно перемещаться в динамической среде. Оптимизация системы включает в себя выбор эффективных протоколов связи и тонкую настройку гиперпараметров. Будущая работа включает в себя интеграцию дополнительных датчиков, усовершенствованных моделей машинного обучения и оптимизацию протоколов связи для повышения производительности и интеграции с системой управления. В целом такой подход повышает мобильность наземных роботов в динамичных средах

The Challenges in SDN/ML Based Network Security : A Survey

Machine Learning is gaining popularity in the network security domain as many more network-enabled devices get connected, as malicious activities become stealthier, and as new technologies like Software Defined Networking (SDN) emerge. Sitting at the application layer and communicating with the control layer, machine learning based SDN security models exercise a huge influence on the routing/switching of the entire SDN. Compromising the models is consequently a very desirable goal. Previous surveys have been done on either adversarial machine learning or the general vulnerabilities of SDNs but not both. Through examination of the latest ML-based SDN security applications and a good look at ML/SDN specific vulnerabilities accompanied by common attack methods on ML, this paper serves as a unique survey, making a case for more secure development processes of ML-based SDN security applications.Comment: 8 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1705.0056

A Comprehensive Review of Bio-Inspired Optimization Algorithms Including Applications in Microelectronics and Nanophotonics

The application of artificial intelligence in everyday life is becoming all-pervasive and unavoidable. Within that vast field, a special place belongs to biomimetic/bio-inspired algorithms for multiparameter optimization, which find their use in a large number of areas. Novel methods and advances are being published at an accelerated pace. Because of that, in spite of the fact that there are a lot of surveys and reviews in the field, they quickly become dated. Thus, it is of importance to keep pace with the current developments. In this review, we first consider a possible classification of bio-inspired multiparameter optimization methods because papers dedicated to that area are relatively scarce and often contradictory. We proceed by describing in some detail some more prominent approaches, as well as those most recently published. Finally, we consider the use of biomimetic algorithms in two related wide fields, namely microelectronics (including circuit design optimization) and nanophotonics (including inverse design of structures such as photonic crystals, nanoplasmonic configurations and metamaterials). We attempted to keep this broad survey self-contained so it can be of use not only to scholars in the related fields, but also to all those interested in the latest developments in this attractive area