RoADS: A road pavement monitoring system for anomaly detection using smart phones

Monitoring the road pavement is a challenging task. Authorities spend time and finances to monitor the state and quality of the road pavement. This paper investigate road surface monitoring with smartphones equipped with GPS and inertial sensors: accelerometer and gyroscope. In this study we describe the conducted experiments with data from the time domain, frequency domain and wavelet transformation, and a method to reduce the effects of speed, slopes and drifts from sensor signals. A new audiovisual data labelling technique is proposed. Our system named RoADS, implements wavelet decomposition analysis for signal processing of inertial sensor signals and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for anomaly detection and classification. Using these methods we are able to build a real time multiclass road anomaly detector. We obtained a consistent accuracy of ≈90% on detecting severe anomalies regardless of vehicle type and road location. Local road authorities and communities can benefit from this system to evaluate the state of their road network pavement in real time

Comparing algorithms for aggressive driving event detection based on vehicle motion data

Aggressive driving is one of the main causes of fatal crashes. Correctly identifying aggressive driving events still represents a challenge in the literature. Furthermore, datasets available for testing the proposed approaches have some limitations since they generally (a) include only a few types of events, (b) contain data collected with only one device, and (c) are generated in drives that did not fully consider the variety of road characteristics and/or driving conditions. The main objective of this work is to compare the performance of several state-of-the-art algorithms for aggressive driving event detection (belonging to anomaly detection-, threshold- and machine learning-based categories) on multiple datasets containing sensors data collected with different devices (black-boxes and smartphones), on different vehicles and in different locations. A secondary objective is to verify whether smartphones could replace black-boxes in aggressive/non-aggressive classification tasks. To this aim, we propose the AD 2 (Aggressive Driving Detection) dataset, which contains (i) data collected using multiple devices to evaluate their influence on the algorithm performance, (ii) geographical data useful to analyze the context in which the events occurred, (iii) events recorded in different situations, and (iv) events generated by traveling the same path with aggressive and non-aggressive driving styles, in order to possibly separate the effects of driving style from those of road characteristics. Our experimental results highlighted the superiority of machine learning-based approaches and underlined the ability of smartphones to ensure a level of performance similar to that of black-boxes

Anomaly detection in roads with a data mining approach

Road condition has an important role in our daily live. Anomalies in road surface can cause accidents, mechanical failure, stress and discomfort in drivers and passengers. Governments spend millions each year in roads maintenance for maintaining roads in good condition. But extensive maintenance work can lead to traffic jams, causing frustration in road users. In way to avoid problems caused by road anomalies, we propose a system that can detect road anomalies using smartphone sensors. The approach is based in data-mining algorithms to mitigate the problem of hardware diversity. In this work we used scikit-learn, a python module, and Weka, as tools for data-mining. All cleaning data process was made using python language. The final results show that it is possible detect road anomalies using only a smartphone.European Structural and Investment Funds in the FEDER component, through the Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (COMPETE 2020)This research is sponsored by the Portugal Incentive System for Research and Technological Development. Project in co-promotion nº 002797/2015 (INNOVCAR 2015-2018)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Distress detection in road pavements using neural networks

Combining Computer Vision (CV) and Anomaly Detection (AD), there is a convergence of methodologies using convolutional layers in AD architectures, which we consider an innovation in the field. The main goal of this work is to present different Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) architectures, applying them to distress detection in road pavements and comparing the results obtained in each approach. The experimented methods for AD in images include a binary classifier as a baseline, an Autoencoder (AE) and a Variational Autoencoder (VAE). Supervised and unsupervised practises are also compared, proving their utility in scenarios where there is no labelled data available. Using the VAE model in a supervised setting, it presents an excellent distinction between good and bad pavement. When labelled data is not available, using the AE model and the distribution of similarities of good pavement reconstructions to calculate the threshold is the best option with accuracy and precision above 94%. The development of these models shows that it is possible to develop an alternative solution to reduce operating costs compared to expensive commercial systems and to improve the usability compared to conventional methods of classifying road surfaces.This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020

Driving pattern analysis to determine driver behaviors for local authority based on cloud using OBD II

Aggressive driving is the main cause of road accidents and it is affected by driving behavior which endanger not only the driver himself but also the people around. It is very significant step to identify such behaviors of the drivers by the local authorities which would help in correcting the behaviors or to understand the root cause of the accidents by analyzing the data recorded by the On Board Diagnostic( OBD ) II device. An aggressive driving behavior is characterized by sudden change inmaneuverings of vehicle which eventually yields non uniform parameters values returned by the ECU (Engine Control Unit) system without any specific reason. In this research work, the real time data is recorded from ECU using OBD II and the accelerometer. The Artificial Intelligenceis used in grouping the different types of data toidentifythe behaviors data on the basis of similarity of datapoints.The purpose of this research work is to identify such drivers and reduce the risk of further accidents.The work identifies the behaviors as bad, normal and aggressive behavior. As the clustering is made on basis crowded data which signifies the similar driving patterns for most of the time in the course of recording, therefore, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) unsupervised learning algorithm was used. The data will be sent to the cloud so that it can be accessed by the authority from any place for further action.ANOVA test is conducted usingIBMSPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) package to compare and determine the best method to collect data by comparing the means between groups

Routine pattern discovery and anomaly detection in individual travel behavior

Discovering patterns and detecting anomalies in individual travel behavior is a crucial problem in both research and practice. In this paper, we address this problem by building a probabilistic framework to model individual spatiotemporal travel behavior data (e.g., trip records and trajectory data). We develop a two-dimensional latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model to characterize the generative mechanism of spatiotemporal trip records of each traveler. This model introduces two separate factor matrices for the spatial dimension and the temporal dimension, respectively, and use a two-dimensional core structure at the individual level to effectively model the joint interactions and complex dependencies. This model can efficiently summarize travel behavior patterns on both spatial and temporal dimensions from very sparse trip sequences in an unsupervised way. In this way, complex travel behavior can be modeled as a mixture of representative and interpretable spatiotemporal patterns. By applying the trained model on future/unseen spatiotemporal records of a traveler, we can detect her behavior anomalies by scoring those observations using perplexity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling framework on a real-world license plate recognition (LPR) data set. The results confirm the advantage of statistical learning methods in modeling sparse individual travel behavior data. This type of pattern discovery and anomaly detection applications can provide useful insights for traffic monitoring, law enforcement, and individual travel behavior profiling