Interior Materiality

The knowledge of materials and finishes is the bridge that links conceptual design to real-world application. It is among the core content of virtually all interior architecture/design curricula, moreover, access to up-to-date information on emerging technologies and trends is a key exigency for the contemporary designer. Accordingly, this book is authored to form a comprehensive resource for the “hows” and “whys” surrounding the functional and aesthetic contributions of a wide selection of materials and finishes used in multiple spatial design contexts. The knowledge base presented here is not only useful in shaping spatial experience, ensuring occupant well-being, and employing sustainable thinking but also beneficial in managing budget and schedule while enabling the delivery of top-quality work. The book investigates fundamental material properties, performance criteria, as well as sector-specific standards, regulations, and guidelines, with a special focus on concerns surrounding occupant health and safety as well as environmental impact and sustainability concerns. Furthermore, fabrication, installation, and maintenance issues were explored in detail. Various information collection and organization conventions are also discussed with regard to detailing, specification, estimation, and documentation of materials and finishes. The goals of the book can be listed as follows: ● Developing a vocabulary and knowledge base to comprehend and communicate concepts and paradigms associated with the history, classification, manufacturing, evaluation, fabrication, installation, and maintenance of materials and finishes. ● Identifying a broad range of materials and finishes, considering their aesthetic and performance properties, and understanding their utilization with regard to creative design intent, client expectations and requirements, user needs and experience, and incorporating life cycle implications. ● Providing a basis for achieving physical and psychological well-being for occupants, understanding the impact of changing social, cultural, economic, and ecological context, and eliminating negative environmental and social outcomes.https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/1042/thumbnail.jp

Cannington Manor, an early settlement community in southeastern Saskatchewan

This project is an analysis of social relationships at Cannington Manor, an early settlement period site in south eastern Saskatchewan. The site earned some fame as a result of the activities of a group of English expatriates who reproduced a round of British upper middle class leisure activities such a fox hunts, dances and musical evenings in the newly-settled West. The town, and the phenomena, lasted only twenty years, but since then, Cannington Manor has captured the imaginations of Saskatchewan residents in both press and literature. Documentary records, oral histories, and archaeological investigations are combined to address the question of the relationship between the upper middle class English and lower middle class farming community that surrounded the English settlement. The dynamics of class are found to be a factor in this relationship, although class differences are mediated to some extent through the mutual interdependencies felt by both groups. In addition, gender is found to be a variable that influences the experience of class dynamics at Cannington Manor. Gender is also found to influence how different Cannington residents participated in the negotiation of class roles. These conclusions are supported by evidence observed in the archaeological record. However, due to the small sample of material culture data available, further research is required to confirm this hypothesis

Early Eocene paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica as a paleoenvironmental proxy

The Eocene epoch was one of the most important greenhouse periods during the Cenozoic era. Antarctica's landscape was completely different during the Eocene: there was a predominance of green rainforests rather than glaciers and ice caps. Most evidences for this warm period were found mostly in Southern Ocean sediments and a few from terrestrial settings. King George Island (KGI), South Shetlands Islands, Maritime Antarctica are one of the key sites, where terrestrial evidence from the Eocene are archived. Although the presence of paleosols are known, no detailed paleopedological studies have been conducted so far. This gap in paleopedological research on Eocene paleosols in Antarctica will be narrowed with this study. The main objective was to use the properties of three paleosols on KGI as proxies for the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the early Eocene. To achieve this objective, a set of different methodologies (i.e. macro- and micromorphology, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and 40Ar/39Ar dating) were used with a focus on those properties that have paleo-environmental significance (mainly morphological and micromorphological features, mineralogy of clays and iron oxides). These properties were related to macromorphological and micromorphological features, and mineralogy of clays and iron oxides of the paleosols. The macromorphological and micromorphological properties were used to attribute a pedogenic origin of the paleosols. A gradual change in soil properties and features with depth, such as colour, structure, bioturbation, iron mottles/nodules made it possible to distinguish soil horizons. Consequently, a pedogenic origin for the paleosols was confirmed. In addition, the results demonstrated that pedogenesis as well as pre-weathering and diagenesis played a role for the formation of the properties of these paleosols. The clay mineralogy showed mainly smectites inherited from the parent material being later modified by pedogenesis. The reddish colour of the paleosols was mainly caused by hematite that was rather formed by dehydration of ferrihydrite during post-burial diagenesis than by pedogenesis. The results indicated that the weakly/moderately developed paleosols were formed under a cool and humid paleoenvironment. Although pre-weathering and diagenesis had played a role in developing properties of the paleosols, the paleoenvironmental significance is still preserved in these paleosols (soil memory). The paleosols on KGI are an important proxy to better understand the greenhouse period of the Eocene.Das Eozän war eine der bedeutendsten Warmperioden im Känozoikum. Die Umwelt der Antarktis war im Eozän anders als heute: es gab vorherrschend grüne Regenwälder statt Gletscher und Eiskappen. Die meisten Nachweise für die warm Epoche des Eozäns wurden vor allem in Tiefseesedimenten der Ozeane auf der Südhalbkugel und terrestrischen Standorten wie auf King George Island (KGI), den Süd-Shetland-Inseln und die der Maritime Antarktis gefunden. Obwohl das Vorkommen von Paläoböden an einigen Standorten in der Antarktis seit vielen Jahren bekannt ist, wurden an diesen bisher keine detaillierten paläopedologischen Studien durchgeführt. Diese Lücke der paläopädologischen Forschung in der Antarktis wird mit dieser Arbeit verkleinert. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war es, anhand einer paläopedologischen Analyse von drei früheozänen Paläoböden auf KGI und unter Nutzung der Paläoböden als Proxies die Paläoumwelt zu rekonstruktieren. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wurden eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Methoden (d.h. Makro- und Mikromorphologie, Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse, Röntgendiffraktometrie, diffuse Reflexionsspektroskopie, magnetische Suszeptibilität und 40Ar/39Ar Datierung) mit einem Fokus auf jene Eigenschaften verwendet, die eine große Bedeutung zur Beurteilung der Pedogenese haben (hauptsächlich morphologische und mikromorphologische Merkmale sowie Ton- und Eisenoxidmineralogie). Diese Eigenschaften wurden mit makro- und mikromorphologischen Merkmalen sowie Ergebnissen aus der Ton- und Eisenoxidmineralogie verbunden. Die makro- und mikromorphologischen Eigenschaften wurden verwendet, um einen pedogenen Ursprung der Paläoböden zuzuordnen. Eine allmähliche Veränderung der Tiefenfunktion der Bodeneigenschaften wie Farbe, Struktur, Bioturbationsmerkmale, Eisen-Mangan Konkretionen ermöglichten die Unterscheidung von Bodenhorizonten. Folglich wurde ein pedogener Ursprung für die Paläoböden bestätigt. Darüber hinaus zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass sowohl die Pedogenese als auch die Vorwitterung und die Diagenese bei der Bestimmung der Eigenschaften tertiärer Paläoböden eine große Rolle spielten. Die tonmineralogische Analyse zeigte, dass die Tonminerale hauptsächlich vom Ausgangssubstrat vererbt waren und die Smektite später durch Pedogenese modifiziert worden sind. Die rötliche Farbe der Paläoböden wurde hauptsächlich durch Hämatit verursacht, der mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit nicht pedogenetisch entstanden ist, sondern vielmehr durch die Dehydratation von Ferrihydrit während der Diagenese gebildet wurde, die nach weiterer Überdeckung mit Sedimenten einsetzte. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich die schwach entwickelten Paläoböden in einer kühlfeuchten Paläoumgebung gebildet haben. Obwohl die Vorwitterung und die Diagenese bei der Entwicklung der Eigenschaften der Paläoböden eine Rolle gespielt haben, blieben die Merkmale der Paläoumwelt im Archiv bzw. im Gedächtnis (soil memory) der Paläoböden erhalten. Daher sind die Paläoböden auf KGI ein wichtiger Proxy, um die Treibhausperiode des Eozäns besser zu verstehe