875 research outputs found

    Optimization of the Decision Tree Method using Pruning on Liver Disease Classification

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    The amount of data about liver disease can be used to become information that can be extracted using the decision tree data mining method. However, there is a weakness in the decision tree method, namely over-fitting the resulting tree can produce a good model in training data but normally cannot produce a good tree model when applied to unseen data. Based on experiments conducted using datasets taken from The UCI Machine Learning Repository database is the ILPD dataset which contains 583 clinical data with 10 attributes with a target output of 416 positive liver and 167 negative liver. The results show that the decision tree algorithm using pruning and without pruning has been tested showing an increase in accuracy. The results of the decision tree performance without pruning generated in the confusion matrix for the accuracy measure, which is 73.58 %. While the results of the system performance using the pruning method have an accuracy of 73.76%. Although the accuracy value is slightly adrift, it can prove that the decision tree method using the pruning method has much better accuracy. In addition, the models and rules generated by the decision tree can be used as the basis for developing a prototype application for liver disease classification

    Evaluating ICT applications in health care: studies from a sociotechnical perspective

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    Essentials of Business Analytics

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    Border crossings: investigating the comparability of case management in a service for older people in Berlin

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    Case management, a coordinating process designed to align service provision more closely to the identified needs of people requiring assistance in the context of complex care systems, is an example of those policies and practices that cross the borders of different national welfare systems, ostensibly to resolve the same or similar problems in the adopting country. Developed in the USA, case management was re-named 'care management' upon adoption in the UK as part of the community care reforms of the early 1990s, reforms which have framed my professional life in English local authority adult social care services ever since. In 2007, a temporary research fellowship (TH Marshall Fellowship, London School of Economics) enabled me to spend four months in Berlin studying a citywide case management service for older people in the context of German long-term care policy and legislation. This experience sits at the core of this thesis which addresses the extent to which the study of a specific case management service for older people in Berlin can illuminate how case management translates across differing national welfare contexts, taking into account the particular methodological challenges of cross-national research. Drawing on both cross-national social policy and translation studies literatures and adopting a multi-method case study approach, the central problems of determining similarity and difference, equivalence and translation form the core of the thesis. Informed by a realist understanding of the social world, the study took a naturalistic turn in situ that fore-grounded the more ethnographic elements in the mix of documentary research, semi-participant observation and meetings with key informants that formed my data sources and were recorded in extensive field notes. The data were analysed to trace how case management was constructed locally in relation to both state and federal level policy and legislation, and then comparatively re-examined in the context of the key methodological problems identified above in relation to understandings of care management in England as reported in the literature, in order to further explore the question of comparability of case management across different welfare contexts. The research clearly demonstrates how institutional context both shaped and constrained the adoption of case management in Berlin, and highlights a need in comparative research for close contextual examination of the apparently similar, with a focus on functionally equivalent mechanisms, to determine the extent to which case management can be said to be similar or different in different contexts, particularly where English words and expressions are directly absorbed into the local language. Relating the case study to findings from earlier studies of care management in England highlights the extent to which care management in England is itself a locally shaped and contextualised variant of case management as developed in the USA that matches poorly to the variant in Berlin. Indeed problems discovered in the research site constructing definitional boundaries for case management in practice mirror issues in the wider literature and raise questions about the specificity of the original concept itself. Nonetheless, the study shows that, despite the multiple asymmetries of equivalence and difficulties of translation, there are sufficient points of similarity for cautious potential lessons to be drawn from Berlin, particularly with regards to policy changes on the horizon in England, but also in the other direction with regards to how case management in Berlin may also be re-shaped following recent reforms to German long-term care legislation

    Framing by media and social movement organizations: Cross-cultural prestige press coverage of the Kyoto Protocol

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    This dissertation examines the effects of news values and media routines on the framing of societal issues, with emphasis on cross-cultural prestige press coverage of the Kyoto Protocol. Media use news values to determine what makes the daily news and how that news is portrayed to the public. Journalists selectively choose news stories based on media routines, which help in gathering and disseminating the news in an efficient manner. Stakeholders attempt to frame the news in a manner worthy of news coverage, but media primarily report on the acceptance of or opposition to master frames. Evidence of this interplay exists when examining contentious issues like that of Kyoto Protocol. To find evidence of these processes, a computerized content analysis using the VBPro suite of programs examined 421 American prestige press articles, 721 British prestige press articles, 112, news releases and 443 opinion pieces appearing from January 1997 to Sept. 11, 2001. The texts were gathered from the Lexis-Nexis and Dow Jones databases. Hierarchical cluster analysis provided visual representations of the frames involved. The focus on prestige press coverage limits the external validity of the findings. The analysis uncovered four master frames supported by 10 stakeholder frames concerning global climate change and the Kyoto Protocol. The news value of prominence affected the master frames, though not in the predicted manner concerning stakeholder support or opposition. However, historical analysis indicates support for previous research that indicated international politics held sway over the issue. The analysis also found evidence of media routines at work, including gatekeeping, balancing competing positions and the spiral of opportunity. Theoretically, this dissertation provides a synthesis of communications and sociological literature, and a cross-cultural comparison of an international environmental issue. Methodologically, VBPro was shown to quantify master frames, which may be the first time this has happened. Practically, the dissertation provides an explanation to journalists and stakeholders in government, science, business, and social movement organizations of how news values and media routines lead to the acceptance or rejection of issue frames, as well as the possible de-legitimization of sources outside the media routine

    Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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    This Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) has been jointly coordinated by Working Groups I (WGI) and II (WGII) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The report focuses on the relationship between climate change and extreme weather and climate events, the impacts of such events, and the strategies to manage the associated risks. The IPCC was jointly established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), in particular to assess in a comprehensive, objective, and transparent manner all the relevant scientific, technical, and socioeconomic information to contribute in understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, the potential impacts, and the adaptation and mitigation options. Beginning in 1990, the IPCC has produced a series of Assessment Reports, Special Reports, Technical Papers, methodologies, and other key documents which have since become the standard references for policymakers and scientists.This Special Report, in particular, contributes to frame the challenge of dealing with extreme weather and climate events as an issue in decisionmaking under uncertainty, analyzing response in the context of risk management. The report consists of nine chapters, covering risk management; observed and projected changes in extreme weather and climate events; exposure and vulnerability to as well as losses resulting from such events; adaptation options from the local to the international scale; the role of sustainable development in modulating risks; and insights from specific case studies

    2016 Abstracts Student Research Conference

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