141,263 research outputs found
Analyzing the Dynamics of Relative Prices on a Market with Speculative and Non-Speculative Agents Based on the Evolutionary Model
The paper deals with an evolutionary model focused on the relation between the behavior of prices and the structure of the population of economic agents. The model allows for identification of the short-term behavior of prices and the dynamics of the population of economic agents in the context of seven scenarios. These scenarios are a combination of four key factors: market regulations, the maturity of the market; the intervention of the state on the market supply side and the modifications of the incentives to speculate and not-speculate. The main findings of the simulation of the scenarios are: i) The presence of speculators leave long lasting effects which do not die out with the decrease in the number of speculators; ii) In the presence of high speculations the intervention of the state can act as an anchor to the market helping to lower the prices; iii) The market forces have a more lasting effect than the state regulation mechanisms.relative prices, speculative and non-speculative agents, evolutionary model
A generic model of dyadic social relationships
We introduce a model of dyadic social interactions and establish its
correspondence with relational models theory (RMT), a theory of human social
relationships. RMT posits four elementary models of relationships governing
human interactions, singly or in combination: Communal Sharing, Authority
Ranking, Equality Matching, and Market Pricing. To these are added the limiting
cases of asocial and null interactions, whereby people do not coordinate with
reference to any shared principle. Our model is rooted in the observation that
each individual in a dyadic interaction can do either the same thing as the
other individual, a different thing or nothing at all. To represent these three
possibilities, we consider two individuals that can each act in one out of
three ways toward the other: perform a social action X or Y, or alternatively
do nothing. We demonstrate that the relationships generated by this model
aggregate into six exhaustive and disjoint categories. We propose that four of
these categories match the four relational models, while the remaining two
correspond to the asocial and null interactions defined in RMT. We generalize
our results to the presence of N social actions. We infer that the four
relational models form an exhaustive set of all possible dyadic relationships
based on social coordination. Hence, we contribute to RMT by offering an answer
to the question of why there could exist just four relational models. In
addition, we discuss how to use our representation to analyze data sets of
dyadic social interactions, and how social actions may be valued and matched by
the agents
SCREEN: Learning a Flat Syntactic and Semantic Spoken Language Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks
In this paper, we describe a so-called screening approach for learning robust
processing of spontaneously spoken language. A screening approach is a flat
analysis which uses shallow sequences of category representations for analyzing
an utterance at various syntactic, semantic and dialog levels. Rather than
using a deeply structured symbolic analysis, we use a flat connectionist
analysis. This screening approach aims at supporting speech and language
processing by using (1) data-driven learning and (2) robustness of
connectionist networks. In order to test this approach, we have developed the
SCREEN system which is based on this new robust, learned and flat analysis.
In this paper, we focus on a detailed description of SCREEN's architecture,
the flat syntactic and semantic analysis, the interaction with a speech
recognizer, and a detailed evaluation analysis of the robustness under the
influence of noisy or incomplete input. The main result of this paper is that
flat representations allow more robust processing of spontaneous spoken
language than deeply structured representations. In particular, we show how the
fault-tolerance and learning capability of connectionist networks can support a
flat analysis for providing more robust spoken-language processing within an
overall hybrid symbolic/connectionist framework.Comment: 51 pages, Postscript. To be published in Journal of Artificial
Intelligence Research 6(1), 199
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