The Relationship between Fuzzy Reasoning and Its Temporal Characteristics for Knowledge Management

The knowledge management systems based on artificial reasoning (KMAR) tries to provide computers the capabilities of performing various intelligent tasks for which their human users resort to their knowledge and collective intelligence. There is a need for incorporating aspects of time and imprecision into knowledge management systems, considering appropriate semantic foundations. The aim of this paper is to present the FRTES, a real-time fuzzy expert system, embedded in a knowledge management system. Our expert system is a special possibilistic expert system, developed in order to focus on fuzzy knowledge.Knowledge Management, Artificial Reasoning, predictability

Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Modelling Potentials and Bottlenecks

Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScienc

Max-min Learning of Approximate Weight Matrices from Fuzzy Data

In this article, we study the approximate solutions set $\Lambda_b$ of an inconsistent system of $\max-\min$ fuzzy relational equations $(S): A \Box_{\min}^{\max}x =b$. Using the $L_\infty$ norm, we compute by an explicit analytical formula the Chebyshev distance $\Delta~=~\inf_{c \in \mathcal{C}} \Vert b -c \Vert$, where $\mathcal{C}$ is the set of second members of the consistent systems defined with the same matrix $A$. We study the set $\mathcal{C}_b$ of Chebyshev approximations of the second member $b$ i.e., vectors $c \in \mathcal{C}$ such that $\Vert b -c \Vert = \Delta$, which is associated to the approximate solutions set $\Lambda_b$ in the following sense: an element of the set $\Lambda_b$ is a solution vector $x^\ast$ of a system $A \Box_{\min}^{\max}x =c$ where $c \in \mathcal{C}_b$. As main results, we describe both the structure of the set $\Lambda_b$ and that of the set $\mathcal{C}_b$. We then introduce a paradigm for $\max-\min$ learning weight matrices that relates input and output data from training data. The learning error is expressed in terms of the $L_\infty$ norm. We compute by an explicit formula the minimal value of the learning error according to the training data. We give a method to construct weight matrices whose learning error is minimal, that we call approximate weight matrices. Finally, as an application of our results, we show how to learn approximately the rule parameters of a possibilistic rule-based system according to multiple training data

NASA SBIR abstracts of 1991 phase 1 projects

The objectives of 301 projects placed under contract by the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are described. These projects were selected competitively from among proposals submitted to NASA in response to the 1991 SBIR Program Solicitation. The basic document consists of edited, non-proprietary abstracts of the winning proposals submitted by small businesses. The abstracts are presented under the 15 technical topics within which Phase 1 proposals were solicited. Each project was assigned a sequential identifying number from 001 to 301, in order of its appearance in the body of the report. Appendixes to provide additional information about the SBIR program and permit cross-reference of the 1991 Phase 1 projects by company name, location by state, principal investigator, NASA Field Center responsible for management of each project, and NASA contract number are included

An exact algorithm for linear optimization problem subject to max-product fuzzy relational inequalities with fuzzy constraints

Fuzzy relational inequalities with fuzzy constraints (FRI-FC) are the generalized form of fuzzy relational inequalities (FRI) in which fuzzy inequality replaces ordinary inequality in the constraints. Fuzzy constraints enable us to attain optimal points (called super-optima) that are better solutions than those resulted from the resolution of the similar problems with ordinary inequality constraints. This paper considers the linear objective function optimization with respect to max-product FRI-FC problems. It is proved that there is a set of optimization problems equivalent to the primal problem. Based on the algebraic structure of the primal problem and its equivalent forms, some simplification operations are presented to convert the main problem into a more simplified one. Finally, by some appropriate mathematical manipulations, the main problem is transformed into an optimization model whose constraints are linear. The proposed linearization method not only provides a super-optimum (that is better solution than ordinary feasible optimal solutions) but also finds the best super-optimum for the main problem. The current approach is compared with our previous work and some well-known heuristic algorithms by applying them to random test problems in different sizes.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures, 7 table

On the Synthesis of fuzzy neural systems.

by Chung, Fu Lai.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-174).ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iiiABSTRACT --- p.ivChapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Integration of Fuzzy Systems and Neural Networks --- p.1Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives of the Research --- p.7Chapter 1.2.1 --- Fuzzification of Competitive Learning Algorithms --- p.7Chapter 1.2.2 --- Capacity Analysis of FAM and FRNS Models --- p.8Chapter 1.2.3 --- Structure and Parameter Identifications of FRNS --- p.9Chapter 1.3 --- Outline of the Thesis --- p.9Chapter 2. --- A Fuzzy System Primer --- p.11Chapter 2.1 --- Basic Concepts of Fuzzy Sets --- p.11Chapter 2.2 --- Fuzzy Set-Theoretic Operators --- p.15Chapter 2.3 --- "Linguistic Variable, Fuzzy Rule and Fuzzy Inference" --- p.19Chapter 2.4 --- Basic Structure of a Fuzzy System --- p.22Chapter 2.4.1 --- Fuzzifier --- p.22Chapter 2.4.2 --- Fuzzy Knowledge Base --- p.23Chapter 2.4.3 --- Fuzzy Inference Engine --- p.24Chapter 2.4.4 --- Defuzzifier --- p.28Chapter 2.5 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.29Chapter 3. --- Categories of Fuzzy Neural Systems --- p.30Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.30Chapter 3.2 --- Fuzzification of Neural Networks --- p.31Chapter 3.2.1 --- Fuzzy Membership Driven Models --- p.32Chapter 3.2.2 --- Fuzzy Operator Driven Models --- p.34Chapter 3.2.3 --- Fuzzy Arithmetic Driven Models --- p.35Chapter 3.3 --- Layered Network Implementation of Fuzzy Systems --- p.36Chapter 3.3.1 --- Mamdani's Fuzzy Systems --- p.36Chapter 3.3.2 --- Takagi and Sugeno's Fuzzy Systems --- p.37Chapter 3.3.3 --- Fuzzy Relation Based Fuzzy Systems --- p.38Chapter 3.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.40Chapter 4. --- Fuzzification of Competitive Learning Networks --- p.42Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.42Chapter 4.2 --- Crisp Competitive Learning --- p.44Chapter 4.2.1 --- Unsupervised Competitive Learning Algorithm --- p.46Chapter 4.2.2 --- Learning Vector Quantization Algorithm --- p.48Chapter 4.2.3 --- Frequency Sensitive Competitive Learning Algorithm --- p.50Chapter 4.3 --- Fuzzy Competitive Learning --- p.50Chapter 4.3.1 --- Unsupervised Fuzzy Competitive Learning Algorithm --- p.53Chapter 4.3.2 --- Fuzzy Learning Vector Quantization Algorithm --- p.54Chapter 4.3.3 --- Fuzzy Frequency Sensitive Competitive Learning Algorithm --- p.58Chapter 4.4 --- Stability of Fuzzy Competitive Learning --- p.58Chapter 4.5 --- Controlling the Fuzziness of Fuzzy Competitive Learning --- p.60Chapter 4.6 --- Interpretations of Fuzzy Competitive Learning Networks --- p.61Chapter 4.7 --- Simulation Results --- p.64Chapter 4.7.1 --- Performance of Fuzzy Competitive Learning Algorithms --- p.64Chapter 4.7.2 --- Performance of Monotonically Decreasing Fuzziness Control Scheme --- p.74Chapter 4.7.3 --- Interpretation of Trained Networks --- p.76Chapter 4.8 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.80Chapter 5. --- Capacity Analysis of Fuzzy Associative Memories --- p.82Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.82Chapter 5.2 --- Fuzzy Associative Memories (FAMs) --- p.83Chapter 5.3 --- Storing Multiple Rules in FAMs --- p.87Chapter 5.4 --- A High Capacity Encoding Scheme for FAMs --- p.90Chapter 5.5 --- Memory Capacity --- p.91Chapter 5.6 --- Rule Modification --- p.93Chapter 5.7 --- Inference Performance --- p.99Chapter 5.8 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.104Chapter 6. --- Capacity Analysis of Fuzzy Relational Neural Systems --- p.105Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.105Chapter 6.2 --- Fuzzy Relational Equations and Fuzzy Relational Neural Systems --- p.107Chapter 6.3 --- Solving a System of Fuzzy Relational Equations --- p.109Chapter 6.4 --- New Solvable Conditions --- p.112Chapter 6.4.1 --- Max-t Fuzzy Relational Equations --- p.112Chapter 6.4.2 --- Min-s Fuzzy Relational Equations --- p.117Chapter 6.5 --- Approximate Resolution --- p.119Chapter 6.6 --- System Capacity --- p.123Chapter 6.7 --- Inference Performance --- p.125Chapter 6.8 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.127Chapter 7. --- Structure and Parameter Identifications of Fuzzy Relational Neural Systems --- p.129Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.129Chapter 7.2 --- Modelling Nonlinear Dynamic Systems by Fuzzy Relational Equations --- p.131Chapter 7.3 --- A General FRNS Identification Algorithm --- p.138Chapter 7.4 --- An Evolutionary Computation Approach to Structure and Parameter Identifications --- p.139Chapter 7.4.1 --- Guided Evolutionary Simulated Annealing --- p.140Chapter 7.4.2 --- An Evolutionary Identification (EVIDENT) Algorithm --- p.143Chapter 7.5 --- Simulation Results --- p.146Chapter 7.6 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.158Chapter 8. --- Conclusions --- p.159Chapter 8.1 --- Summary of Contributions --- p.160Chapter 8.1.1 --- Fuzzy Competitive Learning --- p.160Chapter 8.1.2 --- Capacity Analysis of FAM and FRNS --- p.160Chapter 8.1.3 --- Numerical Identification of FRNS --- p.161Chapter 8.2 --- Further Investigations --- p.162Appendix A Publication List of the Candidate --- p.164BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.16

An overview of decision table literature 1982-1995.

This report gives an overview of the literature on decision tables over the past 15 years. As much as possible, for each reference, an author supplied abstract, a number of keywords and a classification are provided. In some cases own comments are added. The purpose of these comments is to show where, how and why decision tables are used. The literature is classified according to application area, theoretical versus practical character, year of publication, country or origin (not necessarily country of publication) and the language of the document. After a description of the scope of the interview, classification results and the classification by topic are presented. The main body of the paper is the ordered list of publications with abstract, classification and comments.

CBR and MBR techniques: review for an application in the emergencies domain

The purpose of this document is to provide an in-depth analysis of current reasoning engine practice and the integration strategies of Case Based Reasoning and Model Based Reasoning that will be used in the design and development of the RIMSAT system. RIMSAT (Remote Intelligent Management Support and Training) is a European Commission funded project designed to: a.. Provide an innovative, 'intelligent', knowledge based solution aimed at improving the quality of critical decisions b.. Enhance the competencies and responsiveness of individuals and organisations involved in highly complex, safety critical incidents - irrespective of their location. In other words, RIMSAT aims to design and implement a decision support system that using Case Base Reasoning as well as Model Base Reasoning technology is applied in the management of emergency situations. This document is part of a deliverable for RIMSAT project, and although it has been done in close contact with the requirements of the project, it provides an overview wide enough for providing a state of the art in integration strategies between CBR and MBR technologies.Postprint (published version

Data mining as a tool for environmental scientists

Over recent years a huge library of data mining algorithms has been developed to tackle a variety of problems in fields such as medical imaging and network traffic analysis. Many of these techniques are far more flexible than more classical modelling approaches and could be usefully applied to data-rich environmental problems. Certain techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks, Clustering, Case-Based Reasoning and more recently Bayesian Decision Networks have found application in environmental modelling while other methods, for example classification and association rule extraction, have not yet been taken up on any wide scale. We propose that these and other data mining techniques could be usefully applied to difficult problems in the field. This paper introduces several data mining concepts and briefly discusses their application to environmental modelling, where data may be sparse, incomplete, or heterogenous