The Evolution of Galaxies and Their Environment

The Third Teton Summer School on Astrophysics discussed the formation of galaxies, star formation in galaxies, galaxies and quasars at high red shift, and the intergalactic and intercluster medium and cooling flows. Observation and theoretical research on these topics was presented at the meeting and summaries of the contributed papers are included in this volume

Carbon in the Galaxy: Studies from Earth and Space

Presented here is the text of the invited papers presented during a meeting entitled, Carbon in the Galaxy: Studies from Earth and Space, that was held at NASA Ames Research Center on November 5 and 6, 1987. For completeness, abstracts from all of the poster papers and the text of a paper summarizing what was learned during the course of the meeting are also included. The underlying premise for the meeting was that there is much to be gained by bringing together scientists from very different disciplines, all of whom study carbon in different ways for different reasons. The interchanges took place during the meeting and the contents of the enclosed papers validate that premise

Advances in Sensors, Big Data and Machine Learning in Intelligent Animal Farming

Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein production for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing several challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. In animal farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information and behavior can help analyze the health and welfare status of animals and identify sick or abnormal individuals at an early stage to reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are used to improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal welfare. Although these technologies still have challenges and limitations, the application and exploration of these technologies in animal farms will greatly promote the intelligent management of farms. Therefore, this Special Issue will collect original papers with novel contributions based on technologies such as sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to study animal behavior monitoring and recognition, environmental monitoring, health evaluation, etc., to promote intelligent and accurate animal farm management

Remote Sensing

This dual conception of remote sensing brought us to the idea of preparing two different books; in addition to the first book which displays recent advances in remote sensing applications, this book is devoted to new techniques for data processing, sensors and platforms. We do not intend this book to cover all aspects of remote sensing techniques and platforms, since it would be an impossible task for a single volume. Instead, we have collected a number of high-quality, original and representative contributions in those areas

Precipitation Measurements From Space: Workshop report. An element of the climate observing system study

Global climate, agricultural uses for precipitation information, hydrological uses for precipitation, severe thunderstorms and local weather, global weather are addressed. Ground truth measurement, visible and infrared techniques, microwave radiometry and hybrid precipitation measurements, and spaceborne radar are discussed

Star Formation in Galaxies

Topics addressed include: star formation; galactic infrared emission; molecular clouds; OB star luminosity; dust grains; IRAS observations; galactic disks; stellar formation in Magellanic clouds; irregular galaxies; spiral galaxies; starbursts; morphology of galactic centers; and far-infrared observations

Exploring the surface of Titan

The exploration of Saturn's giant satellite Titan is considered, with particular reference to its surface which is hidden beneath a thick atmosphere. Groundbased observations, in which great progress has been made recently, and the measurements made by the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft, are reviewed. Concepts for spacecraft to perform in-situ measurements on Titan are reviewed, as is the development of the NASA/ESA Cassini mission, how the mission constrains scientific investigations, and in turn how the mission has been constrained by funding pressures. The capabilities of the Cassini payload for investigating Titan's surface are critically assessed, and the ability of the Surface Science Package (SSP) on the Huygens probe to determine the composition of surface liquids is examined. Some thoughts on payload selection and the value of individual measurements are presented. The development of an impact penetrometer, and the interpretation of penetrometer and accelerometer data to measure surface mechanical properties, is described. It should be noted that Huygens is not a vehicle expressly designed as a lander, so the impact dynamics are complex. Additionally, the examination of the prospects offered by acoustic instrumentation are investigated. Modelling of a number of Titan surface processes is presented, including rainfall, photochemical and meteoric deposition, tidal dissipation in the interior, regolith processes such as volatile heat transport, annealing and aeolian transportation and the effects of tidal and crustal processes on lakes. A key subtopic of the thesis addresses the theme of planetary exploration as a whole, with the interaction between and the limitations of the exploration 'triad' of observations, insitu measurements and theory. Note is made of the remarkably significant role played by individuals and their perceptions

Computational Modelling of Concrete and Concrete Structures

Computational Modelling of Concrete and Concrete Structures contains the contributions to the EURO-C 2022 conference (Vienna, Austria, 23-26 May 2022). The papers review and discuss research advancements and assess the applicability and robustness of methods and models for the analysis and design of concrete, fibre-reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, as well as masonry structures. Recent developments include methods of machine learning, novel discretisation methods, probabilistic models, and consideration of a growing number of micro-structural aspects in multi-scale and multi-physics settings. In addition, trends towards the material scale with new fibres and 3D printable concretes, and life-cycle oriented models for ageing and durability of existing and new concrete infrastructure are clearly visible. Overall computational robustness of numerical predictions and mathematical rigour have further increased, accompanied by careful model validation based on respective experimental programmes. The book will serve as an important reference for both academics and professionals, stimulating new research directions in the field of computational modelling of concrete and its application to the analysis of concrete structures. EURO-C 2022 is the eighth edition of the EURO-C conference series after Innsbruck 1994, Bad Gastein 1998, St. Johann im Pongau 2003, Mayrhofen 2006, Schladming 2010, St. Anton am Arlberg 2014, and Bad Hofgastein 2018. The overarching focus of the conferences is on computational methods and numerical models for the analysis of concrete and concrete structures