1,160 research outputs found

    Performance comparison of conventional synchronous reluctance machines and PM-assisted types with combined star-delta winding

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    This paper compares four prototype Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRMs) having an identical geometry of iron lamination stacks in the stator and rotor. Two different stator winding layouts are employed: a conventional three-phase star connection and a combined star-delta winding. In addition, two rotors are considered: a conventional rotor without magnets and a rotor with ferrite magnets. The performance of the four SynRMs is evaluated using a two-dimensional (2D) Finite Element Model (FEM). For the same copper volume and current, the combined star-delta-connected stator with Permanent Magnets (PMs) in the rotor corresponds to an approximately 22% increase in the output torque at rated current and speed compared to the conventional machine. This improvement is mainly thanks to adding ferrite PMs in the rotor as well as to the improved winding factor of the combined star-delta winding. The torque gain increases up to 150% for low current. Moreover, the rated efficiency is 93.60% compared to 92.10% for the conventional machine. On the other hand, the impact on the power factor and losses of SynRM when using the star-delta windings instead of the star windings is merely negligible. The theoretical results are experimentally validated using four identical prototype machines with identical lamination stacks but different rotors and winding layouts

    The analysis and design of some windings for linear induction machines

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    On the Modeling, Analysis and Development of PMSM: For Traction and Charging Application

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    Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are widely implemented commercially available traction motors owing to their high torque production capability and wide operating speed range. However, to achieve significant electric vehicle (EV) global market infiltration in the coming years, the technological gaps in the technical targets of the traction motor must be addressed towards further improvement of driving range per charge of the vehicle and reduced motor weight and cost. Thus, this thesis focuses on the design and development of a novel high speed traction PMSM with improved torque density, maximized efficiency, reduced torque ripple and increased driving range suitable for both traction and integrated charging applications. First, the required performance targets are determined using a drive cycle based vehicle dynamic model, existing literature and roadmaps for future EVs. An unconventional fractional–slot distributed winding configuration with a coil pitch of 2 is selected for analysis due to their short end–winding length, reduced winding losses and improved torque density. For the chosen baseline topology, a non–dominated sorting genetic algorithm based selection of optimal odd slot numbers is performed for higher torque production and reduced torque ripple. Further, for the selected odd slot–pole combination, a novel star–delta winding configuration is modeled and analyzed using winding function theory for higher torque density, reduced spatial harmonics, reduced torque ripple and machine losses. Thereafter, to analyze the motor performance with control and making critical decisions on inter–dependent design parameter variations for machine optimization, a parametric design approach using a novel coupled magnetic equivalent circuit model and thermal model incorporating current harmonics for fractional–slot wound PMSMs was developed and verified. The developed magnetic circuit model incorporates all machine non–linearities including effects of temperature and induced inverter harmonics as well as the space harmonics in the winding inductances of a fractional–slot winding configuration. Using the proposed model with a pareto ant colony optimization algorithm, an optimal rotor design is obtained to reduce the magnet utilization and obtain maximized torque density and extended operating range. Further, the developed machine structure is also analyzed and verified for integrated charging operation where the machine’s winding inductances are used as line inductors for charging the battery thereby eliminating the requirement of an on–board charger in the powertrain and hence resulting in reduced weight, cost and extended driving range. Finally, a scaled–down prototype of the proposed PMSM is developed and validated with experimental results in terms of machine inductances, torque ripple, torque–power–speed curves and efficiency maps over the operating speed range. Subsequently, understanding the capabilities and challenges of the developed scaled–down prototype, a full–scale design with commercial traction level ratings, will be developed and analyzed using finite element analysis. Further recommendations for design improvement, future work and analysis will also be summarized towards the end of the dissertation

    Comparison of Finite-Element-Based State-Space Models for PM Synchronous Machines

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    An interior-permanent-magnet motor is modeled by a combined analytical-numerical approach, in which the relationships between the stator currents and flux linkages are identified with static finite-element (FE) analysis. In addition to the previous approaches using the current space vector as the state variable, new models are also developed using the flux linkage space vector, which leads to more convenient time integration of the voltage equations. In order to account for the zero-sequence effects in delta connection, the models also include either the zero-sequence flux or current as an additional state variable. Finally, the possibilities of deriving the required quantities as partial derivatives of the magnetic field energy are discussed. The energy-based approaches avoid inaccuracies related to torque computation and thus allow better satisfying the power balance in the state-space model. We show the ability of the developed state-space models to predict the currents and torque equally to a nonlinear time-stepping FE model with much less computational burden. The results are validated by means of measurements for a prototype machine in both star and delta connections. In addition, we also demonstrate the effect of the zero-sequence current on the torque ripple in case of a deltaconnected stator winding.Peer reviewe

    Analysis of indirect temperature-rise tests of induction machines using time stepping finite element method

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    Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: W. N. Fu2000-2001 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

    Thermal Analysis of a Directly Grid-Fed Induction Machine with Floating Neutral Point, Operating under Unbalanced Voltage Conditions

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    Significant changes may occur in the thermal behavior of a directly grid-fed induction machine when subjected to unbalances in the voltage supply. This article studies and analyzes the thermal behavior of a low power, three-phase, squirrel-cage induction motor, connected in star configuration with floating neutral point, when subjected to different levels of unbalanced voltage. The dependence of the thermal motor behavior on the severity level of the unbalance is studied and analyzed. In addition to amplitude unbalances, this article focuses on the effects of phase unbalances, as well, which were not addressed in detail in previous published studies. Moreover, situations of mixed unbalance, where amplitude and phase unbalances occur simultaneously, are also studied. The finite element method was used to simulate the thermal behavior of the machine. The experimental setup consists of a three-phase programmable AC power supply, suitable to precisely emulate unbalanced conditions that may occur in real-scale power systems, supplying a 2.2 kW induction motor. Experimental data were acquired resorting to resistance temperature detectors PT100, placed in the machine phase whose supply current value changed the most. Finally, the simulation results are verified and critically discussed through experimentally obtained results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator powered synchronous reluctance motor for pumping applications

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    The interest in photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems has increased, particularly in rural areas where there is no grid supply available. However, both the performance and the cost of the whole system are still an obstacle for a wide spread of this technology. In this article, a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-thermoelectric generator (TEG) is investigated for pumping applications. The electric drivetrain comprises a synchronous reluctance motor and an inverter. A control strategy for the drivetrain is employed to execute two main tasks: 1) driving the motor properly to achieve a maximum torque per Ampere condition and 2) maximizing the output power of the PV system at different weather conditions. This means that the conventional DC-DC converter is not used in the proposed system. Moreover, batteries, which are characterized by short life expectancy and high replacement cost, are also not used. It is found that the motor output power and the pump flow rate are increased by about 9.5% and 12% respectively when the hybrid PV-TEG array is used compared to only using PV array. Accordingly, the performance, cost and complexity of the system are improved. Measurements on an experimental laboratory setup are constructed to validate the theoretical results of this work

    Analytical prediction of the electromagnetic torques in single-phase and two-phase AC motors

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    The single-phase and two-phase versions of AC motors can be modelled by means of the two-axis (d-q) theory with sufficient accuracy when the equivalent circuit parameters are correctly estimated. This work attempts to present a unified approach to the analytical prediction of the electromagnetic torque of these machines. Classical d-q axes formulation requires that the reference frame should be fixed on the frame where the asymmetries arise, i.e. the stator and rotor. The asynchronous torques that characterize the induction motors are modelled in a stationary reference frame, where the d-q axes coincide with the physical magnetic axes of the stator windings. For the permanent magnet motors, that may exhibit asymmetries on both stator and rotor, the proposed solution includes: a series of frame transformations, followed by symmetrical components decomposition. As in single-phase and two-phase systems the homopolar component is zero; each symmetrical component – negative and positive – is further analysed using d-q axes theory. The superposition principle is employed to consider the magnets and rotor cage effects. The developed models account for the most important asymmetries of the motor configuration. These are, from the stator point of view, different distribution, conductors' dimensions and number of effective turns, non-orthogonal magnetic axes windings and from the rotor point of view, asymmetrical rotor cage, variable reluctance, and permanent magnets effect. The time and space harmonics effect is ignored. Test data are compared with the computed data in order to observe how the simplifying assumptions affect the level of accuracy. The analytical prediction methods make possible torque computation according to the nature of the torque being computed, namely, induction, reluctance and excitation (permanent magnet). The results are available for quasi steady-state, steady-state (rated or synchronous speed) and dynamic analyses. All the developed mathematical models can be used in preliminary design for further optimisation and accurate estimation in complex numerical models. Another important feature of the analytical models for single-phase and two-phase AC motors, is that they can be directly implemented in any suitable electrical drives control strategy.reviewe
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