3,145 research outputs found
Let Your CyberAlter Ego Share Information and Manage Spam
Almost all of us have multiple cyberspace identities, and these {\em
cyber}alter egos are networked together to form a vast cyberspace social
network. This network is distinct from the world-wide-web (WWW), which is being
queried and mined to the tune of billions of dollars everyday, and until
recently, has gone largely unexplored. Empirically, the cyberspace social
networks have been found to possess many of the same complex features that
characterize its real counterparts, including scale-free degree distributions,
low diameter, and extensive connectivity. We show that these topological
features make the latent networks particularly suitable for explorations and
management via local-only messaging protocols. {\em Cyber}alter egos can
communicate via their direct links (i.e., using only their own address books)
and set up a highly decentralized and scalable message passing network that can
allow large-scale sharing of information and data. As one particular example of
such collaborative systems, we provide a design of a spam filtering system, and
our large-scale simulations show that the system achieves a spam detection rate
close to 100%, while the false positive rate is kept around zero. This system
has several advantages over other recent proposals (i) It uses an already
existing network, created by the same social dynamics that govern our daily
lives, and no dedicated peer-to-peer (P2P) systems or centralized server-based
systems need be constructed; (ii) It utilizes a percolation search algorithm
that makes the query-generated traffic scalable; (iii) The network has a built
in trust system (just as in social networks) that can be used to thwart
malicious attacks; iv) It can be implemented right now as a plugin to popular
email programs, such as MS Outlook, Eudora, and Sendmail.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
Exploring the Impact of Socio-Technical Core-Periphery Structures in Open Source Software Development
In this paper we apply the social network concept of core-periphery structure
to the sociotechnical structure of a software development team. We propose a
socio-technical pattern that can be used to locate emerging coordination
problems in Open Source projects. With the help of our tool and method called
TESNA, we demonstrate a method to monitor the socio-technical core-periphery
movement in Open Source projects. We then study the impact of different
core-periphery movements on Open Source projects. We conclude that a steady
core-periphery shift towards the core is beneficial to the project, whereas
shifts away from the core are clearly not good. Furthermore, oscillatory shifts
towards and away from the core can be considered as an indication of the
instability of the project. Such an analysis can provide developers with a good
insight into the health of an Open Source project. Researchers can gain from
the pattern theory, and from the method we use to study the core-periphery
movements
Climate Dynamics: A Network-Based Approach for the Analysis of Global Precipitation
Precipitation is one of the most important meteorological variables for defining the climate dynamics, but the spatial patterns of precipitation have not been fully investigated yet. The complex network theory, which provides a robust tool to investigate the statistical interdependence of many interacting elements, is used here to analyze the spatial dynamics of annual precipitation over seventy years (1941-2010). The precipitation network is built associating a node to a geographical region, which has a temporal distribution of precipitation, and identifying possible links among nodes through the correlation function. The precipitation network reveals significant spatial variability with barely connected regions, as Eastern China and Japan, and highly connected regions, such as the African Sahel, Eastern Australia and, to a lesser extent, Northern Europe. Sahel and Eastern Australia are remarkably dry regions, where low amounts of rainfall are uniformly distributed on continental scales and small-scale extreme events are rare. As a consequence, the precipitation gradient is low, making these regions well connected on a large spatial scale. On the contrary, the Asiatic South-East is often reached by extreme events such as monsoons, tropical cyclones and heat waves, which can all contribute to reduce the correlation to the short-range scale only. Some patterns emerging between mid-latitude and tropical regions suggest a possible impact of the propagation of planetary waves on precipitation at a global scale. Other links can be qualitatively associated to the atmospheric and oceanic circulation. To analyze the sensitivity of the network to the physical closeness of the nodes, short-term connections are broken. The African Sahel, Eastern Australia and Northern Europe regions again appear as the supernodes of the network, confirming furthermore their long-range connection structure. Almost all North-American and Asian nodes vanish, revealing that extreme events can enhance high precipitation gradients, leading to a systematic absence of long-range patterns
CAIR: Using Formal Languages to Study Routing, Leaking, and Interception in BGP
The Internet routing protocol BGP expresses topological reachability and
policy-based decisions simultaneously in path vectors. A complete view on the
Internet backbone routing is given by the collection of all valid routes, which
is infeasible to obtain due to information hiding of BGP, the lack of
omnipresent collection points, and data complexity. Commonly, graph-based data
models are used to represent the Internet topology from a given set of BGP
routing tables but fall short of explaining policy contexts. As a consequence,
routing anomalies such as route leaks and interception attacks cannot be
explained with graphs.
In this paper, we use formal languages to represent the global routing system
in a rigorous model. Our CAIR framework translates BGP announcements into a
finite route language that allows for the incremental construction of minimal
route automata. CAIR preserves route diversity, is highly efficient, and
well-suited to monitor BGP path changes in real-time. We formally derive
implementable search patterns for route leaks and interception attacks. In
contrast to the state-of-the-art, we can detect these incidents. In practical
experiments, we analyze public BGP data over the last seven years
git2net - Mining Time-Stamped Co-Editing Networks from Large git Repositories
Data from software repositories have become an important foundation for the
empirical study of software engineering processes. A recurring theme in the
repository mining literature is the inference of developer networks capturing
e.g. collaboration, coordination, or communication from the commit history of
projects. Most of the studied networks are based on the co-authorship of
software artefacts defined at the level of files, modules, or packages. While
this approach has led to insights into the social aspects of software
development, it neglects detailed information on code changes and code
ownership, e.g. which exact lines of code have been authored by which
developers, that is contained in the commit log of software projects.
Addressing this issue, we introduce git2net, a scalable python software that
facilitates the extraction of fine-grained co-editing networks in large git
repositories. It uses text mining techniques to analyse the detailed history of
textual modifications within files. This information allows us to construct
directed, weighted, and time-stamped networks, where a link signifies that one
developer has edited a block of source code originally written by another
developer. Our tool is applied in case studies of an Open Source and a
commercial software project. We argue that it opens up a massive new source of
high-resolution data on human collaboration patterns.Comment: MSR 2019, 12 pages, 10 figure
Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account: exploring the cultural space of the Net from the inside
The research project The Internet as a space for interaction, which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the Net’s organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project’s final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards. --
A Comparison of Evaluation Networks and Collaboration Networks in Open Source Software Communities
The open source software (OSS) development communities have experienced rapid growth in recent years. Previous social network studies on OSS communities focused on collaboration relationships. However, information about how OSS community members perceive each other is largely ignored. In this study, we report an empirical investigation of the evaluation network in an online OSS community which includes over 11,800 OSS projects and more than 94,330 developers. A collaboration network is modeled from this data set and analyzed for comparison purposes. We find the evaluation network is significantly different from collaboration network in average degree, average path length and fragmentation rate. Furthermore, we argue that the evaluation networks can be used to locate expertise - skillful developers in OSS communities and capture important social relationships among the developers missed in the collaboration network. These characteristics of the evaluation network may benefit the research of OSS development communities and expert recommendation systems
The ALPS project release 1.3: open source software for strongly correlated systems
We present release 1.3 of the ALPS (Algorithms and Libraries for Physics
Simulations) project, an international open source software project to develop
libraries and application programs for the simulation of strongly correlated
quantum lattice models such as quantum magnets, lattice bosons, and strongly
correlated fermion systems. Development is centered on common XML and binary
data formats, on libraries to simplify and speed up code development, and on
full-featured simulation programs. The programs enable non-experts to start
carrying out numerical simulations by providing basic implementations of the
important algorithms for quantum lattice models: classical and quantum Monte
Carlo (QMC) using non-local updates, extended ensemble simulations, exact and
full diagonalization (ED), as well as the density matrix renormalization group
(DMRG). Changes in the new release include a DMRG program for interacting
models, support for translation symmetries in the diagonalization programs, the
ability to define custom measurement operators, and support for inhomogeneous
systems, such as lattice models with traps. The software is available from our
web server at http://alps.comp-phys.org/
Discovering Determinants of Project Participation in an Open Source Social Network
Successful open source software projects often require a steady supply of self motivated software developers. However, little work has been done from a relational/network perspective to study the factors that drive the developers to participate in OSS projects. In this paper, we investigate the participation dynamics in a social network, particularly in an online open source community called Ohloh. Through a REST-based API, we collected information about 11,530 open source software projects involving 94,330 developers. Using social network analysis and statistical analysis methods, we examine a set of social and technical factors in the Ohloh dataset, which we define as the determinants that significantly influence the developers’ participation choices. We found that the determinants include (1)homophily in programming language, (2)project mutual acquaintance, and (3)project age. In addition, our research findings provide the possibility of predicting developers’ participation choices based on the discovered determinants, and therefore can have important implications for OSS project management and in designing social network enabled recommendation systems
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