Non-Roundabout design of cancel the intersection signal light on horizontal plane

Traffic congestion is a world problem and an important factor restricting urban development. In order to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, this paper takes the traffic flow theory and the intersection channel design theory as the research foundation, and conducts in-depth research on the causes of congestion at the intersection and the corresponding solutions, and proposes to cancel the traffic lights at the intersection without any stagnation. This paper proposes a new intersection design scheme, which is like the veins of the flower veins to channel the design intersection, cancel the signal light, and the vehicle can pass through the intersection without stagnation. It proposes a new solution to solve the traffic congestion problem. This new design allows the traffic flow to be spatially separated on the horizontal plane, and due to the cancellation of the signal lights, there is no signal waiting at the intersection, and the vehicle can travel without stopping at the intersection. At the same time, this paper also establishes a plane intersection service capability evaluation system based on simulation and quantitative calculation, which provides an evaluation index and proof basis for the non-stagnation driving channel design of the non-roundabout intersection

Non-Roundabout design of cancel the intersection signal light on horizontal plane

Traffic congestion is a world problem and an important factor restricting urban development. In order to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, this paper takes the traffic flow theory and the intersection channel design theory as the research foundation, and conducts in-depth research on the causes of congestion at the intersection and the corresponding solutions, and proposes to cancel the traffic lights at the intersection without any stagnation. This paper proposes a new intersection design scheme, which is like the veins of the flower veins to channel the design intersection, cancel the signal light, and the vehicle can pass through the intersection without stagnation. It proposes a new solution to solve the traffic congestion problem. This new design allows the traffic flow to be spatially separated on the horizontal plane, and due to the cancellation of the signal lights, there is no signal waiting at the intersection, and the vehicle can travel without stopping at the intersection. At the same time, this paper also establishes a plane intersection service capability evaluation system based on simulation and quantitative calculation, which provides an evaluation index and proof basis for the non-stagnation driving channel design of the non-roundabout intersection. Document type: Articl

TRANSPORT SUSTAINABILITY INDEX OF MAIN ARTERIALS AT HILLA CASE STUDY (SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS)

In recent works on the Internet of Vehicles, “intelligent” and “sustainable” have been the significant in the case of transportation. Maintaining sustainability is always a challenge. Sustainability can be achieved not only by the use of pollution-free vehicular systems, but also by maintenance of road traffic safety or prevention of accidents or collisions. Quantifying the sustainability of urban transport is important as evidenced by a growing number of studies to measure sustainability in transportation. This paper dealt with the challenge of measuring transport sustainability based on the long environmental and safety indicators. To overcome the issue of using too many indicators for evaluation, this paper develops a method for obtaining a composite transport sustainability index for limited sources and time for collecting data. Seven sustainability indicators relevant to urban transport which deal with environmental and social (safety) aspects were selected depending on available data. The indicators were integrated to environmental, social (safety) sub-indices and then to a composite index, in a way that overcomes the limitations on normalization, weighting and aggregation. It is an attempt to quantify transport sustainability for arterials streets within the Hilla network which provides information about current situation of urban transport in different parts of the city. The value of ICST (composite index of transport sustainability) for main arterials at Hilla city (as case study) equal to 0.648, 0.542 and 0.462 for 40th, 60th and 80th streets respectively. The value ICST¬ is the highest at 40th street (inner Hilla city – the best case) and the lowest at 80th street (outer Hilla the worst case)

Roadway design manual : connecting people and places

The South Carolina Roadway Design Manual has been developed to provide uniform design practices for Department and consultant personnel preparing plans for projects on the state owned system. The designer should attempt to meet all criteria and practices presented in the Manual, while fulfilling the Department’s operational, safety and context sensitive requirements

Roadway design manual : connecting people and places

The South Carolina Roadway Design Manual has been developed to provide uniform design practices for Department and consultant personnel preparing plans for projects on the state owned system. The designer should attempt to meet all criteria and practices presented in the Manual, while fulfilling the Department’s operational, safety and context sensitive requirements

University of Massachusetts Amherst Campus Master Plan 2012

This is an institutional master plan outlining capacity development for the University of Massachusetts going forward to 2020 and beyond to 2050. The plan establishes a shared vision for future development that features new open spaces; transportation and pedestrian safety; parking decks built on the edge of campus; new bike-ways; new circulation systems including pathways with striking views of the Pioneer Valley; improvements to utilities; and a strategy for reuse of historic buildings. The administration held more than 90 events in the past year with key stakeholders, including students, faculty, staff, host communities and regional representatives and that was complemented by web-based surveys and applications to encourage participation. To meet the university’s current academic and research mission, the plan locates more than 1 million gross square feet of facilities. In an effort to position the university for an unknown future, the plan also illustrates approximately 7 million additional gross square feet, creating a compact, environmentally sensitive and efficient campus. The plan adopts an approach that mixes traditional land uses around a core of facilities adjacent to the campus lawns and pond. This new pattern will encourage a creative environment that will support collaboration, co-curricular learning and research, and will help create a vibrant environment all day and throughout the year. The more compact/urban environment in the campus core will also support the campus’s sustainability agenda by promoting shared resources, walking and the careful use of land

Enhancing Capacity and Managing Demand to Increase Short-Term Throughput on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge

While there are many proposals for fixing congestion between San Francisco and Oakland in California by adding a new bridge or tube, these solutions will take decades to implement even though a solution is needed now. This thesis assesses sixteen different strategies for reducing congestion in the short-term in the four categories of improving transit, promoting carpooling, implementing intelligent transportation systems practices, and incentivizing alternatives to using the Bay Bridge. Top priorities include HOV improvements on the West Grand Avenue and Powell Street onramps, altering WestCAT Lynx and BART transit services, partnering with rideshare apps to increase transit station accessibility (last mile problem), partnering with vanpool/minibus apps, promoting carpooling and implementing a citizen report system for carpool violators, shifting corporate cultures away from requiring employees to drive and drive alone, and lastly, altering land-use planning practices. To reach this conclusion, an inventory of current proposals and relevant research was compiled. Ridership and capacity data for the various modes of transportation across the bay were assessed for shortfalls and opportunities. Through this research and its resultant conclusions, focus can be placed on the best strategies to pursue in the near-term, while the Bay Area waits on a second bridge or tube in the long-term

Improving the Roadside Environment through Integrating Air Quality and Traffic-Related Data

Urban arterial corridors are landscapes that give rise to short and long-term exposures to transportation-related pollution. With high traffic volumes, congestion, and a wide mix of road users and land uses at the road edge, urban arterial environments are important targets for improved exposure assessment to traffic-related pollution. Applying transportation management strategies to reduce emissions along arterial corridors could be enhanced if the ability to quantify and evaluate such actions was improved. However, arterial roadsides are under-sampled in terms of air pollution measurements in the United States and using observational data to assess such effects has many challenges such as lack of control sites for comparisons and temporal autocorrelation. The availability of traffic-related data is also typically limited in air monitoring and health studies. The work presented here uses unique long-term roadside air quality monitoring collected at the intersection of an urban arterial in Portland, OR to characterize the roadside atmospheric environment. This air quality dataset is then integrated with traffic-related data to assess various methods for improving exposure assessment and the roadside environment. Roadside nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particle number concentration (PNC) measurements all demonstrated a relationship with local traffic volumes. Seasonal and diurnal characterizations show that roadside PM2.5 (mass) measurements do not have a relationship with local traffic volumes, providing evidence that PM2.5 mass is more tied to regional sources and meteorological conditions. The relationship of roadside NO and NO2 with traffic volumes was assessed over short and long-term aggregations to assess the reliability of a commonly employed method of using traffic volumes as a proxy for traffic-related exposure. This method was shown to be insufficient for shorter-time scales. Comparisons with annual aggregations validate the use of traffic volumes to estimate annual exposure concentrations, demonstrating this method can capture chronic but not acute exposure. As epidemiology and exposure assessment aims to target health impacts and pollutant levels encountered by pedestrians, cyclists, and those waiting for transit, these results show when traffic volumes alone can be a reliable proxy for exposure and when this approach is not warranted. Next, it is demonstrated that a change in traffic flow and change in emissions can be measured through roadside pollutant concentrations suggesting roadside pollution can be affected by traffic signal timing. The effect of a reduced maximum traffic signal cycle length on measurements of degree of saturation (DS), NO, and NO2 were evaluated for the peak traffic periods in two case studies at the study intersection. In order to reduce bias from covariates and assess the effect due to the change in cycle length only, a matched sampling method based on propensity scores was used to compare treatment periods (reduced cycle length) with control periods (no change in cycle length). Significant increases in DS values of 2-8% were found along with significant increases of 5-8ppb NO and 4-5ppb NO2 across three peak periods in both case studies. Without matched sampling to address the challenges of observational data, the small DS and NOx changes for the study intersection would have been masked and matched sampling is shown to be a helpful tool for future urban air quality empirical investigations. Dispersion modeling evaluations showed the California Line Source Dispersion Model with Queuing and Hotspot Calculations (CAL3QHCR), an approved regulatory model to assess the impacts of transportation projects on PM2.5, performed both poor and well when predictions were compared with PM2.5 observations depending on season. Varying levels of detail in emissions, traffic signal, and traffic volume data for model inputs, assessed using three model scenarios, did not affect model performance for the study intersection. Model performance is heavily dependent on background concentrations and meteorology. It was also demonstrated that CAL3QHC can be used in combination with roadside PNC measurements to back calculate PNC emission factors for a mixed fleet and major arterial roadway in the U.S. The integration of roadside air quality and traffic-related data made it possible to perform unique empirical evaluations of exposure assessment methods and dispersion modeling methods for roadside environments. This data integration was used for the assessment of the relationship between roadside pollutants and a change in a traffic signal setting, a commonly employed method for transportation management and emissions mitigation, but rarely evaluated outside of simulation and emissions modeling. Results and methods derived from this work are being used to implement a second roadside air quality station, to design a city-wide integrated network of air quality, meteorological, and traffic data including additional spatially resolved measurements with feedback loops for improved data quality and data usefulness. Results and methods are also being used to design future evaluations of transportation projects such as freight priority signaling, improved transit signal priority, and to understand the air quality impacts of changes in fleet composition such as an increase in electric vehicles

Maintenance Concept Study for Deep Subsea Tunnels: Rogfast Tunnel as a Case

Today, Norway has 1259 road tunnels, 1185 are categorized as inland tunnels and 41 are categorized as subsea tunnels. In fact, the number of subsea tunnels has doubled in the last 20 years and entering a more challenging era as deeper and longer underwater tunnels are either already built, in progress, or planned. Keeping such complex assets available at minimal operations and maintenance cost requires effective maintenance engineering analysis to be considered during the early design and project phase. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore the state of the practice of maintenance engineering for deep underwater tunnels, specifically in Norway. To explore that, a case study method has been applied where the Rogfast tunnel is purposefully selected and analysed. Rogfast will be the deepest and longest underwater tunnel in the whole world and it is currently in the middle of the project phase. The case study has focused on the five main aspects of maintenance engineering: technical hierarchy, consequence classification, failure mode analysis, maintenance data exchange, and reliability and availability analysis. The case study has utilized data from existing tunnels, e.g., Ryfylke tunnel, Mastrafjord tunnel and Karmoy tunnel, to extract failure modes, failure rate, mean time to repair. The findings indicate a lack in the current practice of maintenance engineering at the project phase, due to the domination of safety over other consequences like availability, operating cost, and environmental impact. Considering availability, operating cost, and environmental issues provide a more realistic image of the potential operating expenditures. It will also enable the need to collect specific data categories according to standardized technical hierarchy and data exchange framework and initiate analysis regarding potential failure modes, system reliability and availability, prioritizing maintenance concepts and tasks. Therefore, this thesis proposes and demonstrates a more customised technical hierarchy and consequence classification matrix to enable maintenance engineering analysis and maintenance data exchange. It is found that the Rogfast tunnel has a unique configuration due to the roundabout at Kvitsoy that might be utilized to gain a higher level of tunnel availability. It is also demonstrated how new trends and maintenance programs like condition-based, predictive and perspective maintenance can be explored. The methodology applied in this thesis complies with NORSOK Z-008 and is well known for oil and gas sector. However, it is customised in this thesis to fit the tunnel industry