46 research outputs found

    On-Line Practices of Data Base Producers

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    This Working Paper reports on a study undertaken by us as a private venture for the Commission of the European Communities. The subject-matter is however closely related to the sub-task, International Data Exchange, included in the 1977 research plan of the Computer Science Group: one of the main areas of international data exchange at the scientific and technical level is the interactive interrogation of computer bibliographic and fact databases. During the present decade this has grown from insignificant levels to become an international business in North America and Europe with a total utilization of several hundred thousand hours of terminal connections per year. At a Workshop on International Data Exchange held by IIASA at Toronto in August 1977, to identify the critical issues for research in this general field, economic issues scored the highest individual rating, and it is evident that such problems may have a determining effect on future growth-rates, particularly outside the industrialized regions. The study reported here was essentially a fact-finding exercise on one aspect of the economics of scientific and technical information flows, that of the relation between charges to users and charges levied by the producers of scientific and technical information databases for the use of computerized versions of their products. Other important aspects remain open, in particular the influence of the changing policies of international carriers and telecommunication administrations on total user costs, the economies of scale to be obtained from multi database operators etc

    The man/machine interface in information retrieval: Providing access to the casual user

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    This study is concerned with the difficulties encountered by casual users wishing to employ Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. A casual user is defined as a professional who has neither time nor desire to pursue in depth the study of the numerous and varied retrieval systems. His needs for on-line search are only occasional, and not limited to any particular system. The paper takes a close look at the state of the art of research concerned with aiding casual users of Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. Current experiments such as LEXIS, CONIT, IIDA, CITE, and CCL are presented and discussed. Comments and proposals are offered, specifically in the areas of training, learning and cost as experienced by the casual user. An extensive bibliography of recent works on the subject follows the text

    Special Libraries, January 1977

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    Volume 68, Issue 1https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1977/1000/thumbnail.jp

    Data Base Mapping Model and Search Scheme to Facilitate Resource Sharing: Volume 1, Mapping of Chemical Data Bases and Mapping of Data Base Data Elements Using a Rational Data Base Structure

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    Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratoryNational Science Foundation / NSF SIS 74-1855

    Consolidated study on query expansion

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    A typical day of million web users all over the world starts with a simple query. The quest for information on a particular topic drives them to search for it, and in the pursuit of their info the terms they supply for queries varies from person to person depending on the knowledge they have. With a vast collection of documents available on the web universe it is the onus of the retrieval system to return only those documents that are relevant and satisfy the user’s search requirements. The document mismatch problem is resolved by appending extra query terms to the original query which improves the retrieval performance. The addition of terms tends to minimize the bridging-gap between the documents and queries. In this thesis, a brief study is done on the reformulation of queries, along with methods of calculating the relevancy of candidate terms for query expansion by using several ranking algorithms, term weighting algorithms and feedback processes involving evaluations. Comparisons of various methods based on their efficiencies are also discussed. On the whole a consolidated report of query expansion in general is given

    Research to Support the Determination of Spacecraft Maximum Acceptable Concentrations of Potential Atmospheric Contaminants

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    In many ways, the typical approach to the handling of bibliographic material for generating review articles and similar manuscripts has changed little since the use of xerographic reproduction has become widespread. The basic approach is to collect reprints of the relevant material and place it in folders or stacks based on its dominant content. As the amount of information available increases with the passage of time, the viability of this mechanical approach to bibliographic management decreases. The personal computer revolution has changed the way we deal with many familiar tasks. For example, word processing on personal computers has supplanted the typewriter for many applications. Similarly, spreadsheets have not only replaced many routine uses of calculators but have also made possible new applications because the cost of calculation is extremely low. Objective The objective of this research was to use personal computer bibliographic software technology to support the determination of spacecraft maximum acceptable concentration (SMAC) values. Specific Aims The specific aims were to produce draft SMAC documents for hydrogen sulfide and tetrachloroethylene taking maximum advantage of the bibliographic software

    Effect of a Dietary Intervention on Glucocorticoid-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

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    This study aimed to determine if a dietary intervention of fish oil could reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome phenotype associated with glucocorticoids (GC), given as part of the acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) treatment. Weaned C57BL/6 male mice were assigned either a standard rodent chow or Western-type diets containing 45% calories from fat consisting of lard (high omega-6/low omega-3 fatty acids). At six weeks of age, GC treatment was given daily for 28 days to half the mice in each diet group. Mice on the lard diet either remained on this diet or were switched to an isocaloric diet containing 45% fat from fish oil (high omega-3/low omega-6 fatty acids). Our data showed that the fish oil diet (high in omega-3 fatty acids) reduced body mass gain, fatty liver development, and glucose tolerance when used in combination with high dose GC therapy. The data suggests that consuming more omega-3 fatty acids than omega-6 fatty acids might reduce the metabolic syndrome phenotype associated with ALL treatment

    Information retrieval and text mining technologies for chemistry

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    Efficient access to chemical information contained in scientific literature, patents, technical reports, or the web is a pressing need shared by researchers and patent attorneys from different chemical disciplines. Retrieval of important chemical information in most cases starts with finding relevant documents for a particular chemical compound or family. Targeted retrieval of chemical documents is closely connected to the automatic recognition of chemical entities in the text, which commonly involves the extraction of the entire list of chemicals mentioned in a document, including any associated information. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth description of fundamental concepts, technical implementations, and current technologies for meeting these information demands. A strong focus is placed on community challenges addressing systems performance, more particularly CHEMDNER and CHEMDNER patents tasks of BioCreative IV and V, respectively. Considering the growing interest in the construction of automatically annotated chemical knowledge bases that integrate chemical information and biological data, cheminformatics approaches for mapping the extracted chemical names into chemical structures and their subsequent annotation together with text mining applications for linking chemistry with biological information are also presented. Finally, future trends and current challenges are highlighted as a roadmap proposal for research in this emerging field.A.V. and M.K. acknowledge funding from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Program (project reference: 654021 - OpenMinted). M.K. additionally acknowledges the Encomienda MINETAD-CNIO as part of the Plan for the Advancement of Language Technology. O.R. and J.O. thank the Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra (Pamplona, Spain). This work was partially funded by Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria (Xunta de Galicia), and FEDER (European Union), and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684). We thank Iñigo Garciá -Yoldi for useful feedback and discussions during the preparation of the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    The networking of interactive bibliographic retrieval systems

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    Bibliography: p. 123-127.This report constitutes the final report for Grant NSF-SIS-74-18165 entitled "Research in the coupling of interactive information systems".by Richard S. Marcus, J. Francis Reintjes

    NASA RECON: Course Development, Administration, and Evaluation

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    The R and D activities addressing the development, administration, and evaluation of a set of transportable, college-level courses to educate science and engineering students in the effective use of automated scientific and technical information storage and retrieval systems, and, in particular, in the use of the NASA RECON system, are discussed. The long-range scope and objectives of these contracted activities are overviewed and the progress which has been made toward these objectives during FY 1983-1984 is highlighted. In addition, the results of a survey of 237 colleges and universities addressing course needs are presented
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