53 research outputs found

    New Challenges in Quality of Services Control Architectures in Next Generation Networks

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    A mesura que Internet i les xarxes IP s'han anat integrant dins la societat i les corporacions, han anat creixent les expectatives de nous serveis convergents així com les expectatives de qualitat en les comunicacions. Les Next Generation Networks (NGN) donen resposta a les noves necessitats i representen el nou paradigma d'Internet a partir de la convergència IP. Un dels aspectes menys desenvolupats de les NGN és el control de la Qualitat del Servei (QoS), especialment crític en les comunicacions multimèdia a través de xarxes heterogènies i/o de diferents operadors. A més a més, les NGN incorporen nativament el protocol IPv6 que, malgrat les deficiències i esgotament d'adreces IPv4, encara no ha tingut l'impuls definitiu.Aquesta tesi està enfocada des d'un punt de vista pràctic. Així doncs, per tal de poder fer recerca sobre xarxes de proves (o testbeds) que suportin IPv6 amb garanties de funcionament, es fa un estudi en profunditat del protocol IPv6, del seu grau d'implementació i dels tests de conformància i interoperabilitat existents que avaluen la qualitat d'aquestes implementacions. A continuació s'avalua la qualitat de cinc sistemes operatius que suporten IPv6 mitjançant un test de conformància i s'implementa el testbed IPv6 bàsic, a partir del qual es farà la recerca, amb la implementació que ofereix més garanties.El QoS Broker és l'aportació principal d'aquesta tesi: un marc integrat que inclou un sistema automatitzat per gestionar el control de la QoS a través de sistemes multi-domini/multi-operador seguint les recomanacions de les NGN. El sistema automatitza els mecanismes associats a la configuració de la QoS dins d'un mateix domini (sistema autònom) mitjançant la gestió basada en polítiques de QoS i automatitza la negociació dinàmica de QoS entre QoS Brokers de diferents dominis, de forma que permet garantir QoS extrem-extrem sense fissures. Aquesta arquitectura es valida sobre un testbed de proves multi-domini que utilitza el mecanisme DiffServ de QoS i suporta IPv6.L'arquitectura definida en les NGN permet gestionar la QoS tant a nivell 3 (IP) com a nivell 2 (Ethernet, WiFi, etc.) de forma que permet gestionar també xarxes PLC. Aquesta tesi proposa una aproximació teòrica per aplicar aquesta arquitectura de control, mitjançant un QoS Broker, a les noves xarxes PLC que s'estan acabant d'estandarditzar, i discuteix les possibilitats d'aplicació sobre les futures xarxes de comunicació de les Smart Grids.Finalment, s'integra en el QoS Broker un mòdul per gestionar l'enginyeria del tràfic optimitzant els dominis mitjançant tècniques de intel·ligència artificial. La validació en simulacions i sobre un testbed amb routers Cisco demostra que els algorismes genètics híbrids són una opció eficaç en aquest camp.En general, les observacions i avenços assolits en aquesta tesi contribueixen a augmentar la comprensió del funcionament de la QoS en les NGN i a preparar aquests sistemes per afrontar problemes del món real de gran complexitat.A medida que Internet y las redes IP se han ido integrando dentro de la sociedad y las corporaciones, han ido creciendo las expectativas de nuevos servicios convergentes así como las expectativas de calidad en las comunicaciones. Las Next Generation Networks (NGN) dan respuesta a las nuevas necesidades y representan el nuevo paradigma de Internet a partir de la convergencia IP. Uno de los aspectos menos desarrollados de las NGN es el control de la Calidad del Servicio (QoS), especialmente crítico en las comunicaciones multimedia a través de redes heterogéneas y/o de diferentes operadores. Además, las NGN incorporan nativamente el protocolo IPv6 que, a pesar de las deficiencias y agotamiento de direcciones IPv4, aún no ha tenido el impulso definitivo.Esta tesis está enfocada desde un punto de vista práctico. Así pues, con tal de poder hacer investigación sobre redes de prueba (o testbeds) que suporten IPv6 con garantías de funcionamiento, se hace un estudio en profundidad del protocolo IPv6, de su grado de implementación y de los tests de conformancia e interoperabilidad existentes que evalúan la calidad de estas implementaciones. A continuación se evalua la calidad de cinco sistemas operativos que soportan IPv6 mediante un test de conformancia y se implementa el testbed IPv6 básico, a partir del cual se realizará la investigación, con la implementación que ofrece más garantías.El QoS Broker es la aportación principal de esta tesis: un marco integrado que incluye un sistema automatitzado para gestionar el control de la QoS a través de sistemas multi-dominio/multi-operador siguiendo las recomendaciones de las NGN. El sistema automatiza los mecanismos asociados a la configuración de la QoS dentro de un mismo dominio (sistema autónomo) mediante la gestión basada en políticas de QoS y automatiza la negociación dinámica de QoS entre QoS brokers de diferentes dominios, de forma que permite garantizar QoS extremo-extremo sin fisuras. Esta arquitectura se valida sobre un testbed de pruebas multi-dominio que utiliza el mecanismo DiffServ de QoS y soporta IPv6. La arquitectura definida en las NGN permite gestionar la QoS tanto a nivel 3 (IP) o como a nivel 2 (Ethernet, WiFi, etc.) de forma que permite gestionar también redes PLC. Esta tesis propone una aproximación teórica para aplicar esta arquitectura de control, mediante un QoS Broker, a las noves redes PLC que se están acabando de estandardizar, y discute las posibilidades de aplicación sobre las futuras redes de comunicación de las Smart Grids.Finalmente, se integra en el QoS Broker un módulo para gestionar la ingeniería del tráfico optimizando los dominios mediante técnicas de inteligencia artificial. La validación en simulaciones y sobre un testbed con routers Cisco demuestra que los algoritmos genéticos híbridos son una opción eficaz en este campo.En general, las observaciones y avances i avances alcanzados en esta tesis contribuyen a augmentar la comprensión del funcionamiento de la QoS en las NGN y en preparar estos sistemas para afrontar problemas del mundo real de gran complejidad.The steady growth of Internet along with the IP networks and their integration into society and corporations has brought with it increased expectations of new converged services as well as greater demands on quality in communications. The Next Generation Networks (NGNs) respond to these new needs and represent the new Internet paradigm from the IP convergence. One of the least developed aspects in the NGNs is the Quality of Service (QoS) control, which is especially critical in the multimedia communication through heterogeneous networks and/or different operators. Furthermore, the NGNs natively incorporate the IPv6 protocol which, despite its shortcomings and the depletion of IPv4 addresses has not been boosted yet.This thesis has been developed with a practical focus. Therefore, with the aim of carrying out research over testbeds supporting the IPv6 with performance guarantees, an in-depth study of the IPv6 protocol development has been conducted and its degree of implementation and the existing conformance and interoperability tests that evaluate these implementations have been studied. Next, the quality of five implementations has been evaluated through a conformance test and the basic IPv6 testbed has been implemented, from which the research will be carried out. The QoS Broker is the main contribution to this thesis: an integrated framework including an automated system for QoS control management through multi-domain/multi-operator systems according to NGN recommendations. The system automates the mechanisms associated to the QoS configuration inside the same domain (autonomous system) through policy-based management and automates the QoS dynamic negotiation between peer QoS Brokers belonging to different domains, so it allows the guarantee of seamless end-to-end QoS. This architecture is validated over a multi-domain testbed which uses the QoS DiffServ mechanism and supports IPv6.The architecture defined in the NGN allows QoS management at level 3 (IP) as well as at level 2 (e.g. Ethernet, WiFi) so it also facilitates the management of PLC networks. Through the use of a QoS Broker, this thesis proposes a theoretical approach for applying this control architecture to the newly standardized PLC networks, and discusses the possibilities of applying it over the future communication networks of the Smart Grids.Finally, a module for managing traffic engineering which optimizes the network domains through artificial intelligence techniques is integrated in the QoS Broker. The validations by simulations and over a Cisco router testbed demonstrate that hybrid genetic algorithms are an effective option in this area.Overall, the advances and key insights provided in this thesis help advance our understanding of QoS functioning in the NGNs and prepare these systems to face increasingly complex problems, which abound in current industrial and scientific applications

    Implementation and Performance Evaluation of an NGN prototype using WiMax as an Access Technology

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    Telecommunications networks have evolved to IP-based networks, commonly known as Next Generation Networks (NGN). The biggest challenge in providing high quality realtime multimedia applications is achieving a Quality of Service (QoS) consistent with user expectations. One of the key additional factors affecting QoS is the existence of different QoS mechanisms on the heterogeneous technologies used on NGN platforms. This research investigates the techniques used to achieve consistent QoS on network technologies that use different QoS techniques. Numerous proposals for solving the end-to-end QoS problem in IP networks have adopted policy-based management, use of signalling protocols for communicating applications QoS requirements across different Network Elements and QoS provisioning in Network Elements. Such solutions are dependent on the use of traffic classification and knowledge of the QoS requirements of applications and services on the networks. This research identifies the practical difficulties involved in meeting the QoS requirements of network traffic between WiMax and an IP core network. In the work, a solution based on the concept of class-of-service mapping is proposed. In the proposed solution, QoS is implemented on the two networks and the concept of class-of-service mapping is used to integrate the two QoS systems. This essentially provides consistent QoS to applications as they traverse the two network domains and hence meet end-user QoS expectations. The work is evaluated through a NGN prototype to determine the capabilities of the networks to deliver real-time media that meets user expectations

    Dependable IMS services - A Performance Analysis of Server Replication and Mid-Session Inter-Domain Handover

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    Convergence: the next big step

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    Recently, web based multimedia services have gained popularity and have proven themselves to be viable means of communication. This has inspired the telecommunication service providers and network operators to reinvent themselves to try and provide value added IP centric services. There was need for a system which would allow new services to be introduced rapidly with reduced capital expense (CAPEX) and operational expense (OPEX) through increased efficiency in network utilization. Various organizations and standardization agencies have been working together to establish such a system. Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a result of these efforts. IMS is an application level system. It is being developed by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) and 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2) in collaboration with IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector), and ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) etc. Initially, the main aim of IMS was to bring together the internet and the cellular world, but it has extended to include traditional wire line telecommunication systems as well. It utilizes existing internet protocols such as SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting protocol), and COPS (Common Open Policy Service) etc, and modifies them to meet the stringent requirements of reliable, real time communication systems. The advantages of IMS include easy service quality management (QoS), mobility management, service control and integration. At present a lot of attention is being paid to providing bundled up services in the home environment. Service providers have been successful in providing traditional telephony, high speed internet and cable services in a single package. But there is very little integration among these services. IMS can provide a way to integrate them as well as extend the possibility of various other services to be added to allow increased automation in the home environment. This thesis extends the concept of IMS to provide convergence and facilitate internetworking of the various bundled services available in the home environment; this may include but is not limited to communications (wired and wireless), entertainment, security etc. In this thesis, I present a converged home environment which has a number of elements providing a variety of communication and entertainment services. The proposed network would allow effective interworking of these elements, based on IMS architecture. My aim is to depict the possible advantages of using IMS to provide convergence, automation and integration at the residential level

    An ICT-oriented Management Solution for NGNs

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    NGN architecture reused several standards from the IP world, as exemplified by the Session Initiation Protocol SIP, which is ubiquitous in the majority of these network components. However, the NGN management architecture simply presented a very generic management model that follows TMN. Several management technologies are proposed, such as Web services, CORBA and SNMP, to implement management solutions. Network and systems management standardizing bodies currently promote newer technologies that aim to solve known shortcomings to these. This paper proposes a management solution for NGNs based on recent IP world technologies. The presented solution was implemented in the form of a middleware to manage NGN elements. This middleware was used in the management of an element belonging to the IP Multimedia Subsystem platform, namely the Policy and Charging Rules Function

    Architecture de communication à QoS garantie pour la simulation distribuée

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    Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse s'articulent autour des architectures de communication en réseaux locaux et réseaux distants pour les applications de simulation distribuée interactive, particulièrement dans le cadre du projet Platsim. Nous avons traité dans un premier temps, les aspects gestion de la QoS pour les simulations distribuées basées sur les middlewares HLA et DDS en réseaux locaux, et ensuite nous avons étendu cette contribution avec DDS sur des réseaux grandes distances. La première contribution consiste à enrichir PlatSim par un modèle formel pour la gestion de la QoS que nous avons implémentée sur HLA pour combler les manques de QoS dont souffre ce middleware. Ensuite, nous avons proposé une architecture pour l'interconnexion des simulateurs distribués avec le middleware DDS. L'utilisation de DDS est intéressante pour la simplicité de son implémentation et ses performances de communication déjà prouvées sur des systèmes complexes. Dans la deuxième contribution, nous avons développé un algorithme de navigation à l'estime (dead-reckoning) pour l'anticipation du comportement des entités simulées. Cette approche permet d'émuler leur comportement lors de la détermination de l'erreur maximale admissible satisfaisant les contraintes de la QoS requise, ce qui, en cas de défaillance du système de communication, permet d'estimer le comportement des objets simulés. Ensuite, nous avons présenté une proposition pour l'interconnexion des simulations distribuées DDS et cette approche de dead-reckoning, par deux mécanismes différents: dans un premier temps, nous avons montré qu'il est possible d'utiliser le service de routage DDS pour mettre en place un "pont-fédéré" DDS permettant d'interconnecter des domaines DDS différents dans un même domaine IP, et ensuite nous avons proposé un "Proxy DDS" qui permet d'interconnecter des simulations DDS situées dans des domaines DDS différents et des domaines IP hétérogènes. Enfin, nos deux dernières contributions concernent l'étude et la mise en place d'une architecture de communication à grande distance à QoS garantie pour les simulations distribuées sur DDS. Tout d'abord, nous avons présenté une architecture de signalisation de la QoS pour en se basant sur l'utilisation conjointe du protocole COPS et de la signalisation SIP. Ensuite, nous avons étendu des travaux réalisés au LAAS-CNRS dans le cadre du projet européen EuQoS. Nous avons alors utilisé des composants de cette architecture que nous avons adaptés pour fournir, à l'utilisateur final ou à l'administrateur de l'application, des interfaces simples lui permettant de demander le type de service requis pour son application sans avoir besoin de changer le protocole de signalisation.Stimulated by the growth of network-based applications, middleware technologies for Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) applications are taking an increasing importance in large scale systems, and motivate the need to achieve end-to-end Quality-of-Service (QoS) over local and large-scale networks. The aims of this thesis revolve around network communication architecture for DIS applications in LAN and WAN. Its first contribution is to design and implement high performance Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) application using the HLA (High Level Architecture) and DDS (Data Distribution Service) middleware in LANs: HLA is used in conjonction with Hierarchical Timed Stream Petri Nets (HTSPN) to allow a powerful analysis techniques for validating and implementing QoS mechanisms in the application layer. Then, we show how DDS can successfully deliver the needed capabilities of DIS applications, provides fast and predictable distribution of real-time critical data in local area network. In the second contribution we suggest a novel extension of Dead Reckoning to increase the network availability and fulfill the required QoS in large-scale DIS applications. The proposed algorithm is based on a fuzzy inference system which is trained by the learning algorithm derived from the neuronal networks and fuzzy inference theory. The proposed mechanism is based on the optimization approach to calculate the error threshold violation in networking games. Then, We show the limitations of the usage DDS Routing Services over the Internet and suggests a Proxy DDS to overcome those shortcomings. In the last contributions we present a dynamic ressource allocation SIP-based framework for the signaling plane DDS-based DIS applications. We give the design and implementation of this framework, the new concepts of the extended SIP to improve the QoS management mechanisms. Then, we present an QoS approach using the EuQoS (End-to-End QoS over Heterogeneous Networks) architecture to define a NGN (Next Generation Network) architecture for distributed interactive simulation that builds, uses and manages end-to-end QoS across different administrative domains and heterogeneous networks

    Mapping of QoS requirements on the network level

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    Problematikou konvergovaných sítí je dostatečné zajištění kvality služeb po celé délce komunikačního přenosu. Tato problematika je úzce spjata se službami pracujícími v reálném čase, jako jsou VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) a videokonference. Tyto služby vyžadují striktní dodržení kvalitativních parametrů, v opačném případě není jejich funkce zaručena. Tento problém do jisté míry řeší subsystém IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), který na základě sjednaných uživatelských profilů dokáže požadovanou kvalitu služeb zajistit. Teoretická část se proto zaobírá popisem vlastní struktury tohoto systému a protokoly určenými pro signalizaci v této síti. Dále jsou popsány jednotlivé mechanismy pro podporu kvality služeb, a to jak v přístupových, tak v páteřních sítích. V následující části je vysvětlen princip ustanovení kvalitativních požadavků mezi koncovými uživateli sítě. V praktické části jsou získané teoretické znalosti využity k návrhu a konfiguraci sítě, skládající se z různých technologií. Výsledný model je odsimulován v programu Opnet Modeler, který slouží pro návrh a testování paketových sítí. Na jednotlivých simulacích je znázorněn vliv mapování kvalitativních požadavků v jednotlivých přístupových sítích na technologie, které jsou podporovány v páteřní síti. Výstupem práce je podrobná analýza síťové komunikace a srovnání mechanizmů pro implementaci kvality služeb. V závěru budou shrnuty výsledky dosažených simulací.The issue of converged networks is to ensure the sufficient quality of services along the entire length of the communication transmission. This issue is closely connected to the real-time services, such as VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and videoconferencing. These services require strict adherence to quality parameters, otherwise their function is not guaranteed. This problem particulary resolves subsystem IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), which concluded on the basis of user profiles can provide the required quality of service. Therefore the theoretical part deals with the description of the structure of the system and protocols designed to signal the network. Various mechanisms to support quality of services in access and backbone networks are also described. The following section explains the principle of provision of quality requirements of end-user networks. In the practical part is this theoretical knowledge used for designing and configuration of the network consisting of various technologies. The resulting model is then simulated in Opnet Modeler program, which is used for designing and testing of packet networks. Each simulation shows the effect of mapping quality requirements in the different access network on technologies, which are supported in the backbone. The outcome of this work is detailed network analysis and comparison of mechanisms for implementing quality of service. The conclusion summarises all simulation outcomes.

    Understanding the effectiveness of open standards for providing access to functions in next generation networks

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    University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.The traditional telecommunications environment is 'closed', where applications can only be developed internally with specific knowledge of individual network technologies. In the last several years, there has been an enormous increase in efforts to 'open up ' these networks for application development, leading to open standards such as the Parlay/OSA APIs. This thesis is primarily concerned with understanding the effectiveness of open standards for providing third party stakeholders with access to functions in Next Generation Networks. Effectiveness in this context is to do with how well open systems may, and can, enable the business aims, and consequent technological advantages to achieve the business aims. We reason about the effectiveness from three perspectives in terms of whether the open standard provides sufficient openness, functional coverage, and practicality. While the methodology and models are applicable to evaluating open standards in general, we specifically apply them to the QoS control functionality provided by the Parlay/OSA Connectivity Manager Service Capability Feature

    Architectures pour la mobilité et la qualité de service dans les systèmse satellites DVB-S2/RCS

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    Nos travaux de thèse ont pour objectif la conception, la mise en œuvre et l'évaluation d'architectures pour la mobilité et la qualité de service (QoS) dans des systèmes satellites DVB-S2/RCS. Ces systèmes peuvent constituer une solution alternative efficace aux réseaux terrestres dans des zones reculées à faible densité de population mais ils doivent pour cela offrir les mêmes services tout en tenant compte de leurs caractéristiques spécifiques, en particulier leur long délai de transmission qui peut s'avérer problématique dans le cadre d'applications multimédias interactives. Notre première contribution a donc été de développer une architecture de QoS adaptée à ce type d'applications, utilisant le modèle DiffServ et se basant essentiellement sur l'interaction entre l'architecture liée au protocole d'initiation de session SIP et différentes entités du système satellite. La QoS peut alors être configurée de façon précise au niveau des STs, par le biais de l'outil TC, en analysant les descripteurs de session SDP compris dans les messages SIP et en déduisant leurs caractéristiques (débit, gigue max, délai max, etc...) soit localement si elles sont connues, soit à partir d'un service Web que nous avons développé. Nous avons ensuite proposé et développé une solution de mobilité basée sur SIP, adaptée au système satellite ainsi qu'à la solution de QoS précédemment décrite. Les performances de cette solution ont alors été comparées, en termes de temps d'interruption et de consommation de ressources, avec celles obtenues par Mobile IPv6 et certaines de ses extensions, démontrant ainsi de réelles améliorations pour le cas des applications multimédias interactives. Enfin, notre dernière contribution a été de développer deux architectures couplant QoS et mobilité, une spécifiquement conçue pour les applications interactives et basée sur la combinaison de notre solution de mobilité SIP avec notre architecture de QoS SIP et une autre basée sur Mobile IPv6 ou FMIPv6 et sur l'interaction d'un QoS Agent mobile avec les entités de QoS du système satellite. Ces architectures ont été évaluées et comparées sur la plateforme d'émulation PLATINE développée dans le cadre du projet SATSIX.Our thesis work aims at the design, the implementation and the evaluation of architectures for mobility and quality of service (QoS) in DVB-S2/RCS satellite systems. These systems can be an effective alternative to terrestrial networks in remote and sparsely populated areas but, for that, they have to offer the same services while taking into account their specific characteristics, particularly their long transmission delay that can be problematic in the context of interactive multimedia applications. Our first contribution has been to develop a QoS architecture adapted to such applications, using the DiffServ model and relying heavily on the interaction between the architecture related to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and various entities of the satellite system. The QoS of satellite terminals (STs) can then be configured precisely, by using the TC tool and analyzing the SDP session descriptors included in the SIP messages and deducting their characteristics (throughput, jitter max, delay max, etc. ...) either locally, if they are known, or from a Web service that we have developed. We then proposed and developed a mobility solution based on SIP, adapted to the satellite system and to the QoS solution described above. The performances of this solution were compared in terms of handover time and resources consumption, with those obtained by Mobile IPv6 and some of its extensions, showing real improvements in the case of interactive multimedia applications. Finally, our last contribution was to develop two architectures combining QoS and mobility: the first one is specifically designed for interactive applications and based on the combination of our SIP-based mobility solution with our SIP QoS architecture and the another is based on Mobile IPv6 or FMIPv6 for the mobility part and on the interaction of a mobile QoS agent with QoS entities of the satellite system. These architectures have been evaluated and compared on the emulation platform PLATINE developed under the project SATSIX

    Deliverable JRA1.1: Evaluation of current network control and management planes for multi-domain network infrastructure

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    This deliverable includes a compilation and evaluation of available control and management architectures and protocols applicable to a multilayer infrastructure in a multi-domain Virtual Network environment.The scope of this deliverable is mainly focused on the virtualisation of the resources within a network and at processing nodes. The virtualization of the FEDERICA infrastructure allows the provisioning of its available resources to users by means of FEDERICA slices. A slice is seen by the user as a real physical network under his/her domain, however it maps to a logical partition (a virtual instance) of the physical FEDERICA resources. A slice is built to exhibit to the highest degree all the principles applicable to a physical network (isolation, reproducibility, manageability, ...). Currently, there are no standard definitions available for network virtualization or its associated architectures. Therefore, this deliverable proposes the Virtual Network layer architecture and evaluates a set of Management- and Control Planes that can be used for the partitioning and virtualization of the FEDERICA network resources. This evaluation has been performed taking into account an initial set of FEDERICA requirements; a possible extension of the selected tools will be evaluated in future deliverables. The studies described in this deliverable define the virtual architecture of the FEDERICA infrastructure. During this activity, the need has been recognised to establish a new set of basic definitions (taxonomy) for the building blocks that compose the so-called slice, i.e. the virtual network instantiation (which is virtual with regard to the abstracted view made of the building blocks of the FEDERICA infrastructure) and its architectural plane representation. These definitions will be established as a common nomenclature for the FEDERICA project. Other important aspects when defining a new architecture are the user requirements. It is crucial that the resulting architecture fits the demands that users may have. Since this deliverable has been produced at the same time as the contact process with users, made by the project activities related to the Use Case definitions, JRA1 has proposed a set of basic Use Cases to be considered as starting point for its internal studies. When researchers want to experiment with their developments, they need not only network resources on their slices, but also a slice of the processing resources. These processing slice resources are understood as virtual machine instances that users can use to make them behave as software routers or end nodes, on which to download the software protocols or applications they have produced and want to assess in a realistic environment. Hence, this deliverable also studies the APIs of several virtual machine management software products in order to identify which best suits FEDERICA’s needs.Postprint (published version
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