9,958 research outputs found
Multi-threaded Simulation of 4G Cellular Systems within the LTE-Sim Framework
Nowadays, an always increasing number of researchers and industries are putting a large effort in the design and the implementation of protocols, algorithms, and network architectures targeted at the the emerging 4G cellular technology. In this context, multi-core/multi-processor simulation tools can accelerate their activities by drastically reducing the time required to simulate complex scenarios. Unfortunately, today's available tools are mostly single-threaded and they cannot exploit the performance gain offered by parallel programming approaches. To bridge this gap, we have significantly upgraded the LTE-Sim framework by implementing a concurrent scheduling algorithm, namely the Multi-Master Scheduler, aimed at efficiently handling events in a parallel manner, while guaranteeing the correct execution of the simulation itself. Experimental results will demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal and the performance gain that can be achieved with respect to other classical event scheduling algorithms
Examining Connections between Gendered Dimensions of Inequality and Deforestation in Nepal
The United Nations recognizes empowering women as a key component of achieving numerous development-related goals. Qualitative studies suggest that communities where men and women have equal levels of agency over resource allocation and land tenure sometimes experience decreases in forest degradation and deforestation, all else being equal. However, these patterns are spatially heterogeneous, as are patterns of gender inequality in terms of land tenure and agency. This paper uses data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to quantify the relationship between gender inequality and ecosystem degradation using three linear regression models, Empirical Bayesian Kriging, and mapping the intersections between gender inequality and deforestation. Results from LASSO, Ordinary Least Squares, and Stepwise regression models show that there is no linear relationship between gender inequality and deforestation. Additionally, the distributions of gender inequality as it pertains to land tenure and deforestation are highly heterogeneous over space, indicating potential sociocultural and sociodemographic factors not captured in my data. Further work should focus on identifying ways to incorporate complex gender dynamics into environmental planning at multiple levels of forest governance
The role of the host in a cooperating mainframe and workstation environment, volumes 1 and 2
In recent years, advancements made in computer systems have prompted a move from centralized computing based on timesharing a large mainframe computer to distributed computing based on a connected set of engineering workstations. A major factor in this advancement is the increased performance and lower cost of engineering workstations. The shift to distributed computing from centralized computing has led to challenges associated with the residency of application programs within the system. In a combined system of multiple engineering workstations attached to a mainframe host, the question arises as to how does a system designer assign applications between the larger mainframe host and the smaller, yet powerful, workstation. The concepts related to real time data processing are analyzed and systems are displayed which use a host mainframe and a number of engineering workstations interconnected by a local area network. In most cases, distributed systems can be classified as having a single function or multiple functions and as executing programs in real time or nonreal time. In a system of multiple computers, the degree of autonomy of the computers is important; a system with one master control computer generally differs in reliability, performance, and complexity from a system in which all computers share the control. This research is concerned with generating general criteria principles for software residency decisions (host or workstation) for a diverse yet coupled group of users (the clustered workstations) which may need the use of a shared resource (the mainframe) to perform their functions
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The Regional Response to Federal Funding for Bicycle and Pedestrian Projects
Examines the efficacy of federal funding for non-motorized modes of transportation based on funding patterns across metropolitan regions, case studies of policies and projects, and an analysis of the funding's impact on bicycling and walking behavior
Divergent nucleic acid allocation in juvenile insects of different metamorphosis modes
This work was funded by the Regional Government of Andalusia (Excelencia P12-RNM327 Project to MVA).
We thank J. M. Medina-Sánchez, J. M. Olalla, J. M. Luzón-Ortega, and I. López Lozano for their help in field
sampling. S. Hitos is acknowledged for her contribution on laboratory analyses, J. M. Conde and R. Rubio de
Casas for their helpful suggestions for data treatment, I. Peralta-Maraver for drawings of figure 4, and R. Davies
for English writing assistance.Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at
https://doi. org/10.1038/s41598-021-89736-w.Nucleic acids help clarify variation in species richness of insects having different metamorphosis
modes, a biological conundrum. Here we analyse nucleic acid contents of 639 specimens of aquatic
insects collected from four high mountain streams of Sierra Nevada in southern Spain to test whether
the allocation to RNA or DNA content differs during ontogeny between juvenile insects undergoing
direct (hemimetabolous) or indirect (holometabolous) metamorphosis. The results show that RNA
content as a function of body mass was negatively correlated to insect body length in four out of
six and three out of six of the holometabolan and hemimetabolan taxa, respectively. Although no
significant differences in RNA content were found between holometabolans and hemimetabolans,
the significant interaction between body length and metamorphosis mode for RNA and RNA:DNA
indicates a strong ontogenetic component to RNA allocation. In addition, our finding of lower DNA
content in holometabolans relative to hemimetabolans agree with the analysis of empirical genome
data in aquatic and terrestrial insects, and extend to this class of arthropods the “growth rate-genome
size-nutrient limitation” hypothesis that differences in allocation between RNA and DNA may reflect
fundamental evolutionary trade-off of life-history strategies associated with high growth rates (and
RNA content) in holometabolans at the expense of diminished genome sizes.Regional Government of Andalusia (Excelencia P12-RNM327 Project to MVA
Household debt and credit : economic issues and data problems
We survey contributions to the analysis of household liabilities, highlighting relevant theoretical aspects and outlining how data sources may support empirical testing and measurement efforts. Specifically, we classify aspects of household debt, discussing the theoretical and policy relevance of heterogeneity across individual and country dimensions. Aiming to illustrate conceptual and measurement issues, we refer to the approaches and results of some recent relevant country-specific work on administrative and survey data, and we argue that research in this area would greatly benefit from availability of appropriately classified household liabilities data and of cross-country institutional information. JEL Classification: G1, E2
Whole-Chain Recommendations
With the recent prevalence of Reinforcement Learning (RL), there have been
tremendous interests in developing RL-based recommender systems. In practical
recommendation sessions, users will sequentially access multiple scenarios,
such as the entrance pages and the item detail pages, and each scenario has its
specific characteristics. However, the majority of existing RL-based
recommender systems focus on optimizing one strategy for all scenarios or
separately optimizing each strategy, which could lead to sub-optimal overall
performance. In this paper, we study the recommendation problem with multiple
(consecutive) scenarios, i.e., whole-chain recommendations. We propose a
multi-agent RL-based approach (DeepChain), which can capture the sequential
correlation among different scenarios and jointly optimize multiple
recommendation strategies. To be specific, all recommender agents (RAs) share
the same memory of users' historical behaviors, and they work collaboratively
to maximize the overall reward of a session. Note that optimizing multiple
recommendation strategies jointly faces two challenges in the existing
model-free RL model - (i) it requires huge amounts of user behavior data, and
(ii) the distribution of reward (users' feedback) are extremely unbalanced. In
this paper, we introduce model-based RL techniques to reduce the training data
requirement and execute more accurate strategy updates. The experimental
results based on a real e-commerce platform demonstrate the effectiveness of
the proposed framework.Comment: 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge
Managemen
The Immigrant/Native Wealth Gap in Germany, Italy and Luxembourg
This paper analyses the existence of an immigrant/native wealth gap by using household survey data for Luxembourg, Germany and Italy. The results show that, in all three countries, a sizeable wealth gap exists between natives and immigrants. Towards the upper tail of the wealth distribution the gap narrows to a small extent. This gap persists even after controlling for demographic characteristics, country of origin, cohort and age at migration although cross-country differences exist in the immigration penalty.household, survey data, wealth gap, immigrants, distribution
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