Certainty of outlier and boundary points processing in data mining

Data certainty is one of the issues in the real-world applications which is caused by unwanted noise in data. Recently, more attentions have been paid to overcome this problem. We proposed a new method based on neutrosophic set (NS) theory to detect boundary and outlier points as challenging points in clustering methods. Generally, firstly, a certainty value is assigned to data points based on the proposed definition in NS. Then, certainty set is presented for the proposed cost function in NS domain by considering a set of main clusters and noise cluster. After that, the proposed cost function is minimized by gradient descent method. Data points are clustered based on their membership degrees. Outlier points are assigned to noise cluster and boundary points are assigned to main clusters with almost same membership degrees. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, two types of datasets including 3 datasets in Scatter type and 4 datasets in UCI type are used. Results demonstrate that the proposed cost function handles boundary and outlier points with more accurate membership degrees and outperforms existing state of the art clustering methods.Comment: Conference Paper, 6 page

Evaluating Architectural Safeguards for Uncertain AI Black-Box Components

Although tremendous progress has been made in Artificial Intelligence (AI), it entails new challenges. The growing complexity of learning tasks requires more complex AI components, which increasingly exhibit unreliable behaviour. In this book, we present a model-driven approach to model architectural safeguards for AI components and analyse their effect on the overall system reliability

2022 roadmap on neuromorphic computing and engineering

Modern computation based on von Neumann architecture is now a mature cutting-edge science. In the von Neumann architecture, processing and memory units are implemented as separate blocks interchanging data intensively and continuously. This data transfer is responsible for a large part of the power consumption. The next generation computer technology is expected to solve problems at the exascale with 10$^{18}$ calculations each second. Even though these future computers will be incredibly powerful, if they are based on von Neumann type architectures, they will consume between 20 and 30 megawatts of power and will not have intrinsic physically built-in capabilities to learn or deal with complex data as our brain does. These needs can be addressed by neuromorphic computing systems which are inspired by the biological concepts of the human brain. This new generation of computers has the potential to be used for the storage and processing of large amounts of digital information with much lower power consumption than conventional processors. Among their potential future applications, an important niche is moving the control from data centers to edge devices. The aim of this roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of neuromorphic technology and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds in the major areas of neuromorphic technology, namely materials, devices, neuromorphic circuits, neuromorphic algorithms, applications, and ethics. The roadmap is a collection of perspectives where leading researchers in the neuromorphic community provide their own view about the current state and the future challenges for each research area. We hope that this roadmap will be a useful resource by providing a concise yet comprehensive introduction to readers outside this field, for those who are just entering the field, as well as providing future perspectives for those who are well established in the neuromorphic computing community

Systematische Identifizierung und Charakterisierung ursächlich genetischer Faktoren seltener urorektaler und gastrointestinaler Fehlbildungen

Urorektale und gastrointestinale Malformationen sind menschliche Entwicklungsdefekte, die sich mit einem breiten phänotypischen Spektrum manifestieren und genetisch sehr heterogen sind. Die Ätiologie ist in den meisten Fällen bisher unbekannt. Das übergeordnete Ziel der hier vorgelegten Arbeit ist es, die genetischen Ursachen urorektaler und gastrointestinaler Fehlbildungen zu identifizieren und aufzuklären. In der vorliegenden Arbeit lag der Fokus zuerst auf dem Blasenekstrophie-Epispadie-Komplex (BEEK). In einer vorangegangenen Studie wurde die ISL1-Region als Risikolokus für multifaktorielle KBE-Phänotypen identifiziert. In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit wurde diese Region im Rahmen einer Replikationsstudie in sieben verschiedenen Kollektiven untersucht. Die ISL1-Region wurde erfolgreich in allen sieben Kohorten repliziert. Durch die vormals durchgeführte Exom-Analyse in acht KE-Eltern-Kind-Trios wurde ein Risikogen SLC20A1 identifiziert. Das Risikogen SLC20A1 wurde in 526 BEEK-Patienten re-sequenziert und insgesamt zwei neue de novo Varianten und eine neue vererbte Variante wurden in drei unabhängigen Familien bestätigt. Ein weiterer Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit hatte die VATER/VACTERL-Assoziation im Blick. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde eine Array-basierte Analyse zu ursächlichen Kopienzahlveränderungen (CNV) in 75 Patienten mit VATER/VACTERL-Assoziation und 40 Patienten mit VATER/VACTERL-ähnlichem Phänotyp durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 13 Mikrodeletionen und sieben Mikroduplikationen in 20 unabhängigen Patienten identifiziert, die nicht in gesunden Kontrollen zu finden waren. Dabei konnte eine Mikrodeletion in der chromosomalen Region 17q12 als de novo bestätigt werden. Im letzten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit lag der Fokus auf angeborenen Ösophagusatresien mit und ohne tracheo-ösophagealer Fistel (EA/TEF). Mittels Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) wurden 31 Eltern-Kinder-Trios untersucht. Dabei konnten 24 Varianten in 23 Genen und 18 unabhängigen Patienten mit Hilfe von Sanger Sequenzierung bestätigt werden. Zusammenfassend hat die vorgelegte Arbeit dazu beigetragen bisher nicht bekannte genetische Faktoren für die untersuchten Fehlbildungen zu identifizieren und zu bestätigen. Dadurch hat die vorgelegte Arbeit einen wichtigen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der Ursachen urorektaler und gastrointestinaler Fehlbildungen und letztendlich der Entwicklung dieser Organstrukturen geleistet

Configurable Software Performance Completions through Higher-Order Model Transformations

Chillies is a novel approach for variable model transformations closing the gap between abstract architecture models, used for performance prediction, and required low-level details. We enable variability of transformations using chain of generators based on the Higher-Order Transformation (HOT). HOTs target different goals, such as template instantiation or transformation composition. In addition, we discuss state-dependent behavior in prediction models and quality of model transformations

Advances in Unconventional Oil and Gas

This book focuses on the latest progress in unconventional oil and gas (such as coalbed methane, shale gas, tight gas, heavy oil, hydrate, etc.) exploration and development, including reservoir characterization, gas origin and storage, accumulation geology, hydrocarbon generation evolution, fracturing technology, enhanced oil recovery, etc. Some new methods are proposed to improve the gas extraction in coal seams, characterize the relative permeability of reservoirs, improve the heat control effect of hydrate-bearing sediment, improve the development efficiency of heavy oil, increase fracturing effectiveness in tight reservoirs, etc

Solar power satellite: Analysis of alternatives for transporting material to geosynchronous orbit

A systems design study of the alternative methods and relative merits of various approaches to transporting and assembling a solar power satellite in geosynchronous orbit was conducted. State of the art alternatives for chemical and electrical interorbital propulsion were studied, and several possible scenarios for construction were proposed