51,367 research outputs found

    An overview of power electronics in electric vehicles

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    In response to concerns about energy cost energy dependence and environmental damage a rekindling of interest in electric vehicles (EV's) has been obvious. Based on the California rules on zero emission vehicles in the United States as well as similar tightened air pollution regulation in Europe Asia and much of the rest of the world the market size of EV's will be enormous. Thus the development of power electronics technology for EV's will take an accelerated pace to fulfill the market needs. This paper reviews the current status of multidisciplinary technologies in EV's. Various challenges of power electronics technology for EV propulsion battery charging and power accessories are explored. © 1997 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

    Evaluation of the Magnetic Field Generated by the Inverter of an Electric Vehicle

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    In hybrid and electric vehicles, passengers sit very close to an electric system of significant power, which means that they may be subjected to high electromagnetic fields. The hazards of long-term exposure to these fields must be taken into account when designing electric vehicles and their components. Among all the electric devices present in the power train, the electronic converter is the most difficult to analyze, given that it works with different frequencies. In this paper, a methodology to evaluate the magnetic field created by a power electronics converter is proposed. After a brief overview of the recommendations of electromagnetic fields exposure, the magnetic field produced by an inverter is analyzed using finite element techniques. The results obtained are compared to laboratory measurements, taken from a real inverter, in order to validate the model. Finally, results are used to draw some conclusions regarding vehicle design criteria and magnetic shielding efficiency

    High-k Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Storage Applications

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    High dielectric (high-k) polymer nanocomposites that can electrostatically store energy are widely used in electronics and electric power systems due to their high breakdown strengths (Eb), durability, and ability to configure in various shapes. However, these nanocomposites suffer from a limited working temperature regime, thus limiting their extreme applications, such as hybrid and electric vehicles, aerospace power electronics, and deep ground fuel exploration. Furthermore, the Eb and the electric displacement (D) of polymer nanocomposites must be simultaneously enhanced for high-density capacitor applications, which prove to be difficult to modify concurrently. This chapter thoroughly reviews (investigates) the recent developments in the high-k polymer nanocomposites synthesis, characterization, and energy storage applications. Consequently, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the novel developmental strategies in order to develop high-dielectric nanocomposites perovskite ceramics that can be incorporated in high-energy-density (HED) applications

    Overview of Electric Vehicles - Clean and Energy Efficient Urban Transportation

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    In a world where energy conservation and environmental protection are growing concerns, the development of electric vehicle technology has taken on an accelerated pace. The dream of having commercially viable electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming a reality. This paper provides an overview of the present status and future trends in electric vehicle technology, with emphasis on the key issues and the impact of rapid development of electric motors, power electronics, microelectronics, and new materials. Comparisons are made among various electric drive systems and various battery systems. The potential electric vehicle impacts and market size are also addressed.published_or_final_versio

    Impact of Grid Unbalances on Electric Vehicle Chargers

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    There is a global trend to reduce emissions from cars through the adoption of other alternatives, such as electric vehicles (EVs). The increasing popularity of EVs has led to a growing demand for electric vehicle chargers. EV chargers are essential for charging the batteries of EVs. Since the EV charger stays connected to the grid for long periods of time to charge the EV battery, it must be able to handle disturbances in the power grid. The goal of this paper is to present an overview of the impact of grid events on EV battery chargers. As well as the impact of grid unbalances on EV chargers, this paper also provides an overview of the impact of grid faults on other, similar power electronics interfaced resources such as PV and energy storage systems

    Experimental investigation of direct contact baseplate cooling for electric vehicle power electronics

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    An experimental setup has been built to investigate the thermo-hydraulic performance of the direct contact baseplate cooling technique for power electronics in electric vehicles, to improve the design and to validate the modelling of this technique. The setup consists of an electrical heater to emulate the heat dissipation of the power electronics and which is cooled by a 60/40% mixture by mass of water-glycol. It is equipped with a flow rate sensor, absolute and differential pressure sensors and temperature measurements at the inlet, outlet and baseplate over the channel length, to determine the performance parameters used in the comparison: thermal resistance and pumping power. Three fluid inlet temperatures, four power levels and four flow rates have been tested for three channel heights (1.5mm, 3mm and 7.6mm). Increasing the fluid temperature and/or heating power, results in a lower thermal resistance and pumping power, due to a lower viscosity of the fluid. The performance of the 1.5mm and 7.6mm channel was found to be quite similar, while the 3mm channel results on average in a 5.8% lower thermal resistance compared to the other two channel heights. The heat transfer in terms of the Nusselt number was also evaluated in function of the Reynolds number. By analyzing the hydraulic and thermal entrance lengths it could be concluded that the flow in all measurements is simultaneously developing. A comparison with two correlations from scientific literature for simultaneously developing flow did not show a good agreement, possibly due to the specific inlet and outlet effect, which is more pronounced for a bigger channel height than a smaller channel height

    Optimal design and implementation of a drivetrain for an ultra-light electric vehicle

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    This paper presents an integrated design of a drivetrain for a single-person ultra-light electric vehicle (ULEV). To calculate losses and efficiency of the inverter, the permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) and the gearbox, parameterised analytical models are used. For the gearbox - which has a single gear ratio - the studied parameters are the gear ratio, the number of stages, the number of teeth and the module of each spur gear combination. The novelty of the paper is that it learns how the total average efficiency and the total mass of the drivetrain depend on the gear ratio, on the number of stages in the gearbox, on the motor parameters and on the chosen several driving cycles including the new European driving cycle (NEDC). On the basis of the presented results, it is possible to choose the right configuration of power electronics, PMSM and gearbox in order to have a good trade-off between high efficiency and low mass

    Electric road vehicles - overview, concepts and research at Reutlingen university

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    The paper details the architecture of fully electrified vehicles as well as their new electronic systems. Examples of up-to-date electrical passenger cars are given. A very important question, that is the environmental foot-print of electrical vehicles compared to conventional ones, is examined. A research project is introduced where a fleet of two-wheeled vehicles is available for day-to-day use. Research on vehicles, software for fleet management and battery range prediction is described.В данной статье привeдены подробные сведения о принципе работы электрифицированных транспортных средств, а также описаны их новые электрические системы. Показан примеры уже существующих электрических пассажирских транспортных средств. Рассмотрено влияние электрифицированного транспорта на окружающую среду в сравнении с обычными видами транспорта. Приведен проект исследований, в рамках которого для ежедневного использования существует парк двух колесных электрифицированных транспортных средств. Описаны исследования, непосредственно связанные с электрифицированным транспортом, определением точного времени разряда батареи, а также программным обеспечением, позволяющим управлять парком таких транспортных средств.У статті наведено докладні відомості щодо принципів роботи електрифікованих транспортних засобів, а також описано їх нові електричні системи. Показано приклади вже існуючих електричних пасажирських транспортних засобів. Розглянуто вплив електрифікованого транспорту на навколишнє середовище у порівнянні із звичайними видами транспорту. На- ведено проект досліджень, у рамках якого існує парк двоколісних електрифікованих транспортних засобів для щоденного використання. Описано дослідження, безпосередньо пов'язані із електрифікованим транспортом, визначенням точного часу розряду батареї, а також програмним забезпеченням, що дозволяє керувати парком таких транспортних засобів
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