Distribution automation applications of fiber optics

Motivations for interest and research in distribution automation are discussed. The communication requirements of distribution automation are examined and shown to exceed the capabilities of power line carrier, radio, and telephone systems. A fiber optic based communication system is described that is co-located with the distribution system and that could satisfy the data rate and reliability requirements. A cost comparison shows that it could be constructed at a cost that is similar to that of a power line carrier system. The requirements for fiber optic sensors for distribution automation are discussed. The design of a data link suitable for optically-powered electronic sensing is presented. Empirical results are given. A modeling technique that was used to understand the reflections of guided light from a variety of surfaces is described. An optical position-indicator design is discussed. Systems aspects of distribution automation are discussed, in particular, the lack of interface, communications, and data standards. The economics of distribution automation are examined

Optically powered communication system with distributed amplifiers

An optically powered communication system with distributed amplification is demonstrated using either distributed parametric amplification (DPA) or distributed Raman amplification (DRA) within the dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) and single-mode fiber (SMF). At the fiber output the residual pump after the distributed amplification is recycled to power the receiver component. Our scheme is also a potential candidate for the last mile transmission. Based on our scheme, 4 channels of 10 Gb/s WDM signals are used to obtain practical performance evaluation. In the presence of 10-dB gain for signals, the power penalties of-dB at the BER of are achieved for DPA in DSF, and as the comparing counterpart of DPA, counter-pumping DRA induce approximately the same level of power penalty in DSF and -dB in SMF. Co-pumping DRA are also tested in both kind of fibers. Finally, the energy-efficiency issue for different pumping schemes is analyzed. © 2006 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Optically Powered Highly Energy-efficient Sensor Networks

In optically powered networks, both, communication signals and power for remotely located sensor nodes, are transmitted over an optical fiber. Key features of optically powered networks are node operation without local power supplies or batteries as well as operation with negligible susceptibility to electro-magnetic interference and to lightning. In this book, different kinds of optically powered devices and networks are investigated, and selected applications are demonstrated

Optically Powered Highly Energy-efficient Sensor Networks

In optically powered networks, both, communication signals and power for remotely located sensor nodes, are transmitted over an optical fiber. Key features of optically powered networks are node operation without local power supplies or batteries as well as operation with negligible susceptibility to electro-magnetic interference and to lightning. In this book, different kinds of optically powered devices and networks are investigated, and selected applications are demonstrated

Optically feeding 1.75 W with 100 m MMF in efficient C-RAN front-hauls with Sleep Modes

Using bundles of multimode optical fibers (MMF) as part of the 5G centralized radio access networks front-haul solutions for optically powering of low power consumption Remote Radio Heads (RRH) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with 100 m of 200 mum core diameter MMF. From the 34.85 W electrical power provided to the system, 1.748 W are delivered to the load, giving an overall 5% efficiency, being the temperature controller of the High Power Lasers the most critical element. If intermediates results are considered, the efficiency from input optical power to electrical power after the PV cells is 43.4%. The RRH manages 2.34 W for control, battery charge, communications and the load operation. The system includes a low power bidirectional control channel that provides the capability of enabling different sleep modes and sending information about the status of the battery and sensing elements at RRH. The RRH has a minimum power consumption of 3.15 mW. Optimized design of different elements of the system are included. The system is tested by feeding a RF power amplifier at the RRH; providing a stable power supply and EVM performance below 17.8% with QPSK on a 20 GHz RF carrier.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid-Spain) and H2020 European Union programme under Grants RTI2018-094669-B-C32 and Y2018/EMT-4892, in part by Multiannual Agreement with UC3M in the line of Excellence of University Professors under Grant EPUC3M26, and in part by the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation) and 5G PPP Bluespace project under Grant n°.762055, respectively.Publicad

Power system applications of fiber optic sensors

This document is a progress report of work done in 1985 on the Communications and Control for Electric Power Systems Project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. These topics are covered: Electric Field Measurement, Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing, and Optical Power transfer. Work was done on the measurement of ac and dc electric fields. A prototype sensor for measuring alternating fields was made using a very simple electroscope approach. An electronic field mill sensor for dc fields was made using a fiber optic readout, so that the entire probe could be operated isolated from ground. There are several instances in which more precise knowledge of the temperature of electrical power apparatus would be useful. This report describes a number of methods whereby the distributed temperature profile can be obtained using a fiber optic sensor. The ability to energize electronics by means of an optical fiber has the advantage that electrical isolation is maintained at low cost. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary to convert the light energy into electrical form by means of photovoltaic cells. JPL has developed an array of PV cells in gallium arsenide specifically for this purpose. This work is described

Optical devices - Lasers. A compilation

Laser applications in communications, industrial fabrication, and computer systems, and laser beam generation and control - technology utilizatio

Power‐Over‐Fiber Applications for Telecommunications and for Electric Utilities

Beyond telecommunications, optical fibers can also transport optical energy to powering electric or electronic devices remotely. This technique is called power over fiber (PoF). Besides the advantages of optical fiber (immunity to electromagnetic interferences and electrical insulation), the employment of a PoF scheme can eliminate the energy supplied by metallic cable and batteries located at remote sites, improving the reliability and the security of the system. Smart grid is a green field where PoF can be applied. Experts see smart grid as the output to a new technological level seeks to incorporate extensively technologies for sensing, monitoring, information technology, and telecommunications for the best performance electrical network. On the other hand, in telecommunications, PoF can be used in applications, such as remote antennas and extenders for passive optical networks (PONs). PoF can make them virtually passives. We reviewed the PoF concept, its main elements, technologies, and applications focusing in access networks and in smart grid developments made by the author’s research group

A NASA high-power space-based laser research and applications program

Applications of high power lasers are discussed which might fulfill the needs of NASA missions, and the technology characteristics of laser research programs are outlined. The status of the NASA programs or lasers, laser receivers, and laser propulsion is discussed, and recommendations are presented for a proposed expanded NASA program in these areas. Program elements that are critical are discussed in detail