Mapping Structural Knowledge of Scientific Creationism to Direct Information and Object Structure Design in Planning Textbooks and Educational Materials

A worldview, such as that defined by Institute for Creation Research tenets of scientific creationism, is a cognitive structure or schemata that impacts human information processing and learning. Cognitive research indicates that there is not a physical referent for such structural knowledge in the human brain. But planners and writers of educational materials view structural knowledge or worldview as a useful metaphor for describing how the human brain constructs or structures knowledge. Research indicates that structural knowledge is tied to memory processes, problem solving, learning, and knowledge acquisition. This paper focuses on the use of mapping techniques to plan and design instructional experiences for materials or programs intended to advance learners’ development of structural knowledge (worldview) presented in the Institute for Creation Research tenets for scientific creationism

Framing Terminology: A Process-Oriented Approach

The frame notion used in Frame Semantics can be traced to case frames, which were said to characterize a small abstract situation in such a way that if one wished to understand the semantic structure of a verb it was necessary to understand the properties of the entire scene that it activated. A frame has been more broadly defined as any system of concepts related in such a way that one concept evokes the entire system. In this sense, it bears an obvious affinity with terminology, which is also based on such conceptual organization. However, despite the fact that Frame Semantics has been usefully applied to lexicology and syntax, so far it has not been systematically applied to terminology.This paper argues for a frame-based organization of specialized fields in which a dynamic process-oriented frame provides the conceptual underpinnings for the location of sub-hierarchies of concepts within a specialized domain event, and the elaboration of a definition template, thus opening the door to a more adequate representation of specialized fields as well as supplying a better way of linking terms to concepts. The domain of coastal engineering is used as an example because the entities in play take part in processes that are difficult to describe only by means of conceptual trees. Through the use of corpus data we demonstrate how it is possible to represent such an event and create a dynamic frame which enriches and enhances the understanding of specialized field concepts.La notion de schéma utilisée dans la Sémantique des schémas est dérivée des grammaires des cas, qui étaient censées caractériser une petite situation abstraite de telle sorte que, si on souhaitait comprendre la structure sémantique d’un verbe, il était nécessaire de comprendre les propriétés de la scène entière qu’il activait. Un schéma a été défini plus amplement comme tout système de concepts mis en rapport de telle sorte qu’un concept évoque le système entier. Dans ce sens, il a une affinité évidente avec la terminologie, qui est également basée sur cette organisation conceptuelle. Néanmoins, bien que la Sémantique des schémas ait été appliquée à la lexicologie et à la syntaxe, jusqu’ici elle n’a pas été systématiquement appliquée à la terminologie.Ce document présente des arguments en faveur d’une organisation de domaines spécialisés s’appuyant sur des schémas, où un schéma dynamique et orienté sur les processus fournit le soutien conceptuel pour la localisation de sous-hiérarchies de concepts dans un événement de domaine spécialisé; l’élaboration d’un modèle de définition, permettant une représentation plus appropriée des domaines spécialisés et fournissant une meilleure façon de lier les termes avec les concepts. Le domaine de l’ingénierie côtière est utilisé comme exemple parce que les entités en jeu participent dans des processus qui sont difficiles à décrire au seul moyen des arbres conceptuels. Par l’utilisation des données de corpus nous démontrons comment il est possible de représenter cet événement et de créer un cadre dynamique qui enrichit et améliore le sens de la compréhension des concepts des domaines spécialisés

Research on speech understanding and related areas at SRI

Research capabilities on speech understanding, speech recognition, and voice control are described. Research activities and the activities which involve text input rather than speech are discussed

Factors shaping the evolution of electronic documentation systems

The main goal is to prepare the space station technical and managerial structure for likely changes in the creation, capture, transfer, and utilization of knowledge. By anticipating advances, the design of Space Station Project (SSP) information systems can be tailored to facilitate a progression of increasingly sophisticated strategies as the space station evolves. Future generations of advanced information systems will use increases in power to deliver environmentally meaningful, contextually targeted, interconnected data (knowledge). The concept of a Knowledge Base Management System is emerging when the problem is focused on how information systems can perform such a conversion of raw data. Such a system would include traditional management functions for large space databases. Added artificial intelligence features might encompass co-existing knowledge representation schemes; effective control structures for deductive, plausible, and inductive reasoning; means for knowledge acquisition, refinement, and validation; explanation facilities; and dynamic human intervention. The major areas covered include: alternative knowledge representation approaches; advanced user interface capabilities; computer-supported cooperative work; the evolution of information system hardware; standardization, compatibility, and connectivity; and organizational impacts of information intensive environments

Towards fully-automated code compliance checking of building regulations: challenges for rule interpretation and representation

Before the building design is finalised, it needs to be checked against regulations. Traditionally, manual compliance checking is error-prone and time-consuming. As a solution, automatic compliance checking (ACC) was proposed. Many studies have focused on the crucial ACC rule interpretation process, yet no research has synthesised the themes and identified future research opportunities. This paper thus aims to fill this gap by conducting a systematic literature review and identifying challenges facing this field. Findings revealed that the representation development process lacks a methodological backdrop. Understandings of rules, representations, and relationships between them are insufficient. Potential solutions were proposed to address these challenges

A document-like software visualization method for effective cognition of c-based software systems

It is clear that maintenance is a crucial and very costly process in a software life cycle. Nowadays there are a lot of software systems particularly legacy systems that are always maintained from time to time as new requirements arise. One important source to understand a software system before it is being maintained is through the documentation, particularly system documentation. Unfortunately, not all software systems developed or maintained are accompanied with their reliable and updated documents. In this case, source codes will be the only reliable source for programmers. A number of studies have been carried out in order to assist cognition based on source codes. One way is through tool automation via reverse engineering technique in which source codes will be parsed and the information extracted will be visualized using certain visualization methods. Most software visualization methods use graph as the main element to represent extracted software artifacts. Nevertheless, current methods tend to produce more complicated graphs and do not grant an explicit, document-like re-documentation environment. Hence, this thesis proposes a document-like software visualization method called DocLike Modularized Graph (DMG). The method is realized in a prototype tool named DocLike Viewer that targets on C-based software systems. The main contribution of the DMG method is to provide an explicit structural re-document mechanism in the software visualization tool. Besides, the DMG method provides more level of information abstractions via less complex graph that include inter-module dependencies, inter-program dependencies, procedural abstraction and also parameter passing. The DMG method was empirically evaluated based on the Goal/Question/Metric (GQM) paradigm and the findings depict that the method can improve productivity and quality in the aspect of cognition or program comprehension. A usability study was also conducted and DocLike Viewer had the most positive responses from the software practitioners