17,386 research outputs found
Acoustical Ranging Techniques in Embedded Wireless Sensor Networked Devices
Location sensing provides endless opportunities for a wide range of applications in GPS-obstructed environments;
where, typically, there is a need for higher degree of accuracy. In this article, we focus on robust range
estimation, an important prerequisite for fine-grained localization. Motivated by the promise of acoustic in
delivering high ranging accuracy, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of acoustic (both
ultrasound and audible) ranging systems.We distill the limitations of acoustic ranging; and present efficient
signal designs and detection algorithms to overcome the challenges of coverage, range, accuracy/resolution,
tolerance to Doppler’s effect, and audible intensity. We evaluate our proposed techniques experimentally on
TWEET, a low-power platform purpose-built for acoustic ranging applications. Our experiments demonstrate
an operational range of 20 m (outdoor) and an average accuracy 2 cm in the ultrasound domain. Finally,
we present the design of an audible-range acoustic tracking service that encompasses the benefits of a near-inaudible
acoustic broadband chirp and approximately two times increase in Doppler tolerance to achieve better performance
Mass transfer enhancement produced by laser induced cavitation
A microelectrode is used to measure the mass transfer perturbation and characteristics during the growth and subsequent collapse of a single bubble (which, following its initial expansion, achieved a maximum radius, Rm, of not, vert, similar500–1000 ?m). This mass transfer enhancement was associated with the forced convection, driven by bubble motion, as the result of a single cavitation event generated by a laser pulse beneath a 25 ?m diameter Au microelectrode. Evidence for bubble growth and rebound is gained from the electrochemical and acoustic measurements. This is supported with high-speed video footage of the events generated. A threshold for the formation of large cavitation bubbles in electrolyte solutions is suggested
Deep Learning for Environmentally Robust Speech Recognition: An Overview of Recent Developments
Eliminating the negative effect of non-stationary environmental noise is a
long-standing research topic for automatic speech recognition that stills
remains an important challenge. Data-driven supervised approaches, including
ones based on deep neural networks, have recently emerged as potential
alternatives to traditional unsupervised approaches and with sufficient
training, can alleviate the shortcomings of the unsupervised methods in various
real-life acoustic environments. In this light, we review recently developed,
representative deep learning approaches for tackling non-stationary additive
and convolutional degradation of speech with the aim of providing guidelines
for those involved in the development of environmentally robust speech
recognition systems. We separately discuss single- and multi-channel techniques
developed for the front-end and back-end of speech recognition systems, as well
as joint front-end and back-end training frameworks
Dynamics and control of gold-encapped gallium arsenide nanowires imaged by 4D electron microscopy
Eutectic related reaction is a special chemical/physical reaction involving
multiple phases, solid and liquid. Visualization of phase reaction of composite
nanomaterials with high spatial and temporal resolution provides a key
understanding of alloy growth with important industrial applications. However,
it has been a rather challenging task. Here we report the direct imaging and
control of the phase reaction dynamics of a single, as-grown free-standing
gallium arsenide nanowire encapped with a gold nanoparticle, free from
environmental confinement or disturbance, using four-dimensional electron
microscopy. The non-destructive preparation of as-grown free-standing nanowires
without supporting films allows us to study their anisotropic properties in
their native environment with better statistical character. A laser heating
pulse initiates the eutectic related reaction at a temperature much lower than
the melting points of the composite materials, followed by a precisely
time-delayed electron pulse to visualize the irreversible transient states of
nucleation, growth and solidification of the complex. Combined with theoretical
modeling, useful thermodynamic parameters of the newly formed alloy phases and
their crystal structures could be determined. This technique of dynamical
control and 4D imaging of phase reaction processes on the nanometer-ultrafast
time scale open new venues for engineering various reactions in a wide variety
of other systems
High temperature measuring device
Ultrasonic pulse technique for measuring average gas temperature in nuclear rocket engine - sound propagation and environmental studie
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