Appropriate Economic Space for Transnational Infrastructural Projects: Gateways, Multimodal Corridors, and Special Economic Zones

This study addresses three questions that arise in Asia when formulating, financing, implementing, and maintaining transnational linkages versus purely domestic connections. Firstly, how is optimal economic space to be defined as a useful starting point? Secondly, how can relevant criteria be developed to define the emerging spatial economy and identify efficient transnational transport networks? Thirdly, what are the main investment opportunities in physical infrastructure that would result in more efficient and effective regional cooperation and integration (making special reference to the potential role of cross-border special economic zones (SEZs) or their equivalents)?asia transnational infrastructure; asia regional cooperation

Satisficing Strategy in Development of a Port System: Viet Nam Case Study

The role of Viet Nam port system increases in simultaneously with its economic development. Although it has had attention and investment from the government since 1990s, it has been still facing with some problems such as congestion in ports and unbalance among ports, and meeting limitations such as geographic conditions, budgets and technologies. Actually, development of a national economy in generally and that of port system in particularly are influenced by many factors and affected mutually. Obviously, the transportation and port systems significantly affect on economy, so they should be paid much attention. Consequently, an overview of ASEAN, Indochina and particular Viet Nam economies is presented, which shows why Viet Nam should be focused on developing its port system. Recently, Viet Nam as well as ASEAN trade has been grown up so remarkably. As a result, Viet Nam transportation demands have been and will be increased, particularly on the maritime transport. Due to Viet Nam geography, port system has been considered as a vital aspect of national transport infrastructure in generally and most important one of maritime transport in particularly. Consequently, a classification of Viet Nam ports would give a deep look on inside aspect and container ports would be mentioned as one of the key project in the future. Actually, port system is a dynamic subject and government policies for development have been updated continuously. A strategic master plan to develop Viet Nam port system until 2010 and targets to 2040, which was issued in 1999, and then up-to-dated master plan issued in 2009 would be reviewed. It would show changes of Viet Nam port system on many aspects such as demands, capacities, and policies. Correspondingly, the transportation planning process would be introduced, which incorporates analysis of business and input from the business community. Consequently, the satisficing strategy for port development would be defined and the reasons why it should be applied for Viet Nam port development would be presented. Sequent theories of interested strategies would be reviewed, which have been applied in many successful port systems in the world. They promise to bring much contribution when making a plan for development of Viet Nam port system. Obviously, many gravitational forces have impacts on Viet Nam port system, which force Viet Nam ports have to change, evolve or die. Responsively, the master plan has been modified to meet up-to-dated requirements. City ports especially in Ho Chi Minh City should be relocated outside to suitable location(s). In addition, strategies to enhance them should be studied and implemented, in which container ports should be paid much attention. Development of Dry Port system, transshipment ports and/or logistics activity zones such as ZALs, Distriparks and/or FTZz is considered as efficient and effective alternatives. Furthermore, other successful and interested strategies applying in developing port systems in the world should be studied and implemented for Viet Nam port system. And also Viet Nam should cooperate with other partners or countries such as the Republic of Korea, which have developed port systems, to get experience, technology, management system, and budget from them. This research would propose some alternatives in development of Viet Nam ports as a satisficing strategy. Obviously, it could not mention all aspects of Vietnamese ports, but it hopes giving useful ideas or alternatives to enhance and develop an effective, efficient and competitive not only for Viet Nam case but also for other developing countries.CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Roles of transportation and particular port systems in economy 1 1.2 An overview of Viet Nam economy and port systems 4 1.3 Review of strategies to develop port systems 11 1.4 Research Aims and Objectives 13 1.5 Scale and scope 14 1.6 Outlines of the dissertation 14 CHAPTER 2. PROSPECT OF VIET NAM PORT SYSTEM 15 2.1 Viet Nam and ASEAN trade 15 2.2 Classification of Viet Nam ports 25 2.3 Container port system 29 2.4 Strategic master plan 33 2.5 Analysis 38 2.6 Conclusion 41 CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGIES 42 3.1 Satisficing strategy 43 3.2 Quick evaluation of port systems 50 3.3 Containerization and transshipment ports 60 3.4 Dry port system 65 3.5 ZALs, Distriparks, FTZs and FAZs. 70 3.6 Other strategies 77 3.7 Conclusions 82 CHAPTER 4. SATISFICING STRATEGY IN DEVELOPMENT OF VIET NAM ... 84 4.1 Impacts of economic development on port system and the ... 84 4.2 Enhancement of container ports 99 4.3 Dry port system 109 4.4 ZALs, Distriparks, and FTZs 120 4.5 Consideration of other strategies 129 4.6 Co-operation strategy in maritime industry: Viet Nam &#8211Korea ... 136 4.7 Conclusions 147 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 148 5.1 Conclusions 148 5.2 Suggestions 149 5.3 Future research 150 REFERENCES 15

Kandangan dry port project: an option of solution for congestion: case of Lamong Bay Terminal (Surabaya, Indonesia)

The increasing number of the container throughput and traffic has affected the availability of container yard in Lamong Bay Terminal (TTL). This was due to the development of industries in the hinterland. If TTL cannot handle this, TTL cannot improve their productivity for throughput and this can cause congestion. This study observes political, economic, social, technological, environmental, legal and ethical (PESTELE) factors that need to be considered by Kandangan Dry Port to optimize its purpose as an option of the solution to handle TTL Congestion. By using the 7-point Likert scale analysis tool, the previous data are collected in advance of the respondents who are directly involved with port operations such as container depot, terminal operators, port operators, shipping line, logistic providers. Moreover, by using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to analyze the gap between “The importance of the factors” and “The existing condition of Kandangan Dry Port” is based on the equal factors to determine the factors that need to be considered by Kandangan Dry Port. The result of the questionnaires obtained three factors that can maximize its function and considered need to focus more on that. The three factors are (1) Value added services, (2) Government support, regulation and policy and (3) Implementation of Advanced Technologies. Based on research, the main important factors affecting the success of the implementation and the development Kandangan Dry Port are the active role and policies of the government. Finally, it was concluded that Kandangan Dry Port should pay attention to important key factors, namely the active part of the support, regulation, and policy of the government. It is advisable to conduct further in-depth research on how to support, regulate and make policy of the government in the port and shipping industry to improve Kandangan dry port performance for further studies

Inter-Port Competition and Inland Container Transport: A multiple Criteria Decision-Making Approach to Achieve Intermodal Transport System Development Stratergies in Taiwan.

Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/2833 on 10.04.2017 by CS (TIS)Inland container transport has intensified over the past thirty years in Taiwan. It is closely related to inter-port competition and port selection by container carriers. In the 1980's, large containerships only berthed at Kaohsiung port due to the limit of container terminal operation capacities of Keelung port and the carrier's regional hub port decision in the country region. The container traffic of the south-north motorways made them more crowded and increased road maintenance expenses. The purpose of this research is to study inter-port competition and inland container transport flows in Taiwan. Although Taiwan is an island, the freight transport policy has been focused on rail and motorway rather than sea transportation. Therefore, it is intended to study the contexts of inland container traffic flows and the inter-port competition model. Following from this, the main objectives are to understand the details of container ports in order to identify the major criteria and variables related to the development of the intermodal freight transport system and then to create an integrated decisionmaking process model as a framework to help the public sector make quality decisions. We designed, tested and evaluated a public involvement process that identified public values for use in the development of an intermodal transport system for the container port. The methodology of this research includes the development of a Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and validated by the use of priority setting for the intermodal transport system at Kaohsiung port as a case study. The main idea behind mathematical programming is the optimal selection of a set of research activities given limited resource availability, decision constraints and the pursuit of multiple objectives. A final model addresses the simultaneous analysis of the selection process clearly able to be traced back by all parties. This research developed a framework that will enable the public sector to make better decisions when selecting intermodal transport system proposals and also save decision-makers time and effort

Dry ports as extensions of maritime deep-sea ports: a case study of Vietnam

This paper focuses on dry port as a key notion in port-hinterland development. We first discuss the concept of dry port by reviewing existing literature. Then, we explore the reasons behind the emergence and development of inland node systems in different geographical, economic and institutional contexts. Next, the paper presents a classification of dry ports based on a multitude of factors and dimensions and the respective benefits to different parties. The study then focuses on the specific characteristics of dry ports and associated transport networks in developing countries. In the last part, we present a case study on the dry port system in Vietnam by reviewing the seaport and inland transport system and analyzing the current status of inland terminals in Vietnam. To conclude, a SWOT analysis is presented with regard to the development of the dry port network in Vietnam, followed by recommendations for policy makers

Mapping Actors in the Modeling of Logistics Sea Shipping Network Structures

Logistics sector increasingly important role in supporting economic development and prosperity of a country. The purpose of the blueprint for structuring and development of Indonesia's logistics sector is to improve the competitiveness of national businesses in the global market. Pendulum Nusantara concept, or better known as the Toll of the Sea, is a sea transportation service concept that aims to reduce the national logistics costs and lower the price disparity between regions in Indonesia. In line with the Indonesian government's priorities lie in strengthening the infrastructure, the research for mapping the actors of logistics, especially in the field of maritime transport service along the sea transportation networks that are served, it is important to do as a first step before designing a network pendulum archipelago. The purpose of this study are to identify the perpetrators of logistics in the field of marine transportation services. The method  used was the descriptive method, which involved collected of secondary data and observational studies of people in a sea shipping environment. They were surveyed and interviewed to collect the necessary information, in addition to analyzing the existing records of liner companies. The results identified logistic actors that classified into five groups of perpetrators and their role in sea shipping network activities. Coordination  in logistics management is a complex processes, covering many activities and stages, and involves many parties. To ensure the smooth flow of goods shipped, it takes an intensive coordination, information and communication technologies that can support these logistics activities. Results of this study is becoming the initial data in the analysis and design of structural model of sea shipping network. Keywords: logistics, actors, sea shipping networks, Indonesi

Port Competitiveness at Sapangar Bay Container Port from Shipping Lines Perspectives in BIMP EAGA Region

Feeder ports in archipelago of the sub-region of BIMP EAGA often face challenges in terms of connectivity due to the dispersed nature of the islands. Realizing the untapped economic potential in the area and the robust geopolitical landscape that has taken place in the last decades, there is an exigency of the countries in BIMP EAGA to improve their port to be the preferred choice by shipping lines. A port's competitiveness holds a paramount significance for shipping lines to call a certain port. Thus, this study aims to examine the perspective of Main Line Operators (MLO) on level of importance of the competitiveness of ports in BIMP EAGA, especially Sapangar Bay Container Port. Ten Main line Operators (MLO) of Intra Asia were selected to respond to the questionnaires using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result revealed that the MLO ranked the most important attributes from top to bottom were port efficiency and facilities (EP), port pricing and support services (PP), Hinterland Characteristics (HC), Maritime Accessibility (MA) and lastly Institutional Regulatory (IR). The specific priorities and preferences of shipping lines in this sub-region may be influenced by factors such as trade patterns, port infrastructure, market demands and overall competitiveness of the ports in the region. Findings of this study contribute to the general understanding of port competitiveness in the BIMP EAGA from the perspective of the MLO and may guide the policymakers, port authorities and industry stakeholders in addressing the specific needs and prioritizing their strategic planning to improve the por

New Concept of Container Allocation at the National Level: Case Study of Export Industry in Thailand

This paper presents container allocation technique of which minimizing the total opportunity loss of an export industry in Thailand. This new allocation concept applies as a strategic management tools at the national level since it is consistent to the characteristics of the container supply chain management in Thailand. The first section of this paper presents the review of facts and problems of container supply chain management. It reveals that containerization system is significant to the international trade as it holds good characteristics of sea transportation. It can transport a lot of products while minimize the damage of goods. Supply chain management of the containerization system presents and shows that there are four main players in managing the container – principal, port, container depot, and customer. After an intensive review of containerization system’s problem, the most common problem that all parties have encountered is an imbalance between demand and supply of container. The well-known solution to the stated problem is relocation of containers between various places using optimization technique, which aims to minimize operation cost. Indeed, those solutions are unable solve the containerization system’s problem in Thailand: lacking their own fleets: having no bargaining power in relocating container between areas as needed. In the present, many of Thai exporters face with losses of sales or profit because they cannot find enough or proper containers to transport their goods to the customer. The authors, therefore, have seen that those problems need to be strategically solved by the government. The limited number of containers must be properly allocated to the exporter with regard to the minimum losses to the economics of the country. The main contributions of this paper are two folds. First, the opportunity losses of the various export industry are indicated when lack of containers, Second, the mathematical model has been formulated using linear programming technique with several constraints, such as, demand, supply, obsolete time, operating cost, lead time etc. The authors hope that the new concept presented in this paper will provide the great contribution for other countries, which face the same problem of Thailand. Keywords: Container Management, Opportunity Loss, Allocation Problem, Optimization, International Trad