8,710 research outputs found
Knowledge aggregation in people recommender systems : matching skills to tasks
People recommender systems (PRS) are a special type of RS. They are often adopted to identify people capable of performing a task. Recommending people poses several challenges not exhibited in traditional RS. Elements such as availability, overload, unresponsiveness, and bad recommendations can have adverse effects. This thesis explores how peopleâs preferences can be elicited for single-event matchmaking under uncertainty and how to align them with appropriate tasks. Different methodologies are introduced to profile people, each based on the nature of the information from which it was obtained. These methodologies are developed into three use cases to illustrate the challenges of PRS and the steps taken to address them. Each one emphasizes the priorities of the matching process and the constraints under which these recommendations are made. First, multi-criteria profiles are derived completely from heterogeneous sources in an implicit manner characterizing users from multiple perspectives and multi-dimensional points-of-view without influence from the user. The profiles are introduced to the conference reviewer assignment problem. Attention is given to distribute people across items in order reduce potential overloading of a person, and neglect or rejection of a task. Second, peopleâs areas of interest are inferred from their resumes and expressed in terms of their uncertainty avoiding explicit elicitation from an individual or outsider. The profile is applied to a personnel selection problem where emphasis is placed on the preferences of the candidate leading to an asymmetric matching process. Third, profiles are created by integrating implicit information and explicitly stated attributes. A model is developed to classify citizens according to their lifestyles which maintains the original information in the data set throughout the cluster formation. These use cases serve as pilot tests for generalization to real-life implementations. Areas for future application are discussed from new perspectives.Els sistemes de recomanaciĂł de persones (PRS) sĂłn un tipus especial de sistemes recomanadors (RS). Sovint sâutilitzen per identificar persones per a realitzar una tasca. La recomanaciĂł de persones comporta diversos reptes no exposats en la RS tradicional. Elements com la disponibilitat, la sobrecĂ rrega, la falta de resposta i les recomanacions incorrectes poden tenir efectes adversos. En aquesta tesi s'explora com es poden obtenir les preferĂšncies dels usuaris per a la definiciĂł d'assignacions sota incertesa i com aquestes assignacions es poden alinear amb tasques definides. S'introdueixen diferents metodologies per definir el perfil dâusuaris, cadascun en funciĂł de la naturalesa de la informaciĂł necessĂ ria. Aquestes metodologies es desenvolupen i sâapliquen en tres casos dâĂșs per il·lustrar els reptes dels PRS i els passos realitzats per abordar-los. Cadascun destaca les prioritats del procĂ©s, lâencaix de les recomanacions i les seves limitacions. En el primer cas, els perfils es deriven de variables heterogĂšnies de manera implĂcita per tal de caracteritzar als usuaris des de mĂșltiples perspectives i punts de vista multidimensionals sense la influĂšncia explĂcita de lâusuari. AixĂČ sâaplica al problema d'assignaciĂł dâavaluadors per a articles de conferĂšncies. Es presta especial atenciĂł al fet de distribuir els avaluadors entre articles per tal de reduir la sobrecĂ rrega potencial d'una persona i el neguit o el rebuig a la tasca. En el segon cas, les Ă rees dâinterĂšs per a caracteritzar les persones es dedueixen dels seus currĂculums i sâexpressen en termes dâincertesa evitant que els interessos es demanin explĂcitament a les persones. El sistema s'aplica a un problema de selecciĂł de personal on es posa Ăšmfasi en les preferĂšncies del candidat que condueixen a un procĂ©s dâencaix asimĂštric. En el tercer cas, els perfils dels usuaris es defineixen integrant informaciĂł implĂcita i atributs indicats explĂcitament. Es desenvolupa un model per classificar els ciutadans segons els seus estils de vida que mantĂ© la informaciĂł original del conjunt de dades del clĂșster al que ell pertany. Finalment, sâanalitzen aquests casos com a proves pilot per generalitzar implementacions en futurs casos reals. Es discuteixen les Ă rees d'aplicaciĂł futures i noves perspectives.Postprint (published version
Evolving routines and strategic change. Learning in practice through knowledge and knowing in evolving routines
A travers l'évolution d'une routine à fort contenu de connaissance : l'évaluation par les pairs d'articles scientifiques, on analyse l'impact des pratiques concrÚtes pour faire évoluer les processus stratégiques de l'organisation.routine;ingénierie des connaissances;micro-pratiques;caractérisation
A fuzzy-based evaluation of financial risks in build-own-operate-transfer water supply projects
The buildâownâoperateâtransfer (BOOT) scheme is widely used for the provision of new bulk water supply. However, this
scheme is complex and carries significant financial risks because of the characteristics of the water sector and the involvement of
public-private stakeholders with new and extended responsibilities, large private capital, and long contract duration. Drawing on the Nungua
Seawater Desalination Plant (NSDP) in Ghana, this study seeks to identify and assess the critical financial risks associated with BOOT water
supply projects and evaluate the financial risk level of the NSDP project. The risks and their relative criticality on the NSDP project are
investigated by using a questionnaire survey method. The questionnaire was formulated with a set of 18 risks derived from extant literature
and project documentation. Perceived critical financial risks affecting the NSDP project were assessed by a team of experts who had direct
involvement in the project. A fuzzy synthetic evaluation suggests that the project is financially risky and that all the risks are critical to the
project. Bankruptcy of consortium members, unfavorable economy of the host country, uncertainty in tariff adjustment of water products, rate
of return restrictions, and availability problem of private capital are the five most highly-ranked risks. The fuzzy technique is used to represent
and model experiential knowledge of the survey participants and to address the fuzziness of their expert judgments. The studyâs results
facilitate prioritization of risks and a comprehensive risk management program during the lifecycle of the case project and future projects.
The fuzzy technique is suitable for early phases of BOOT projects to prioritize the risks that require a detailed analysis and to predict the risk
level of a project
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