A safety tracking and sensoring system for school buses in Saudi Arabia

Technology can facilitate the daily movement of students to and from the schools. There are a number of IT systems that support the transportation of students, but the most important aspect is to ensure students’ safety. Especially with increasing accidents of forgotten students who fall asleep inside school buses. Such incidents may result in asphyxiation or death. This paper presents a system that contributes to reducing the accidents of forgotten the students inside the school buses by enabling the parents to track their children. It includes installing a sensor system in school buses to protect the students during their daily journeys to and from their School by utilizing IoT technologies

A History of Materials and Technologies Development

The purpose of the book is to provide the students with the text that presents an introductory knowledge about the development of materials and technologies and includes the most commonly available information on human development. The idea of the publication has been generated referring to the materials taken from the organic and non-organic evolution of nature. The suggested texts might be found a purposeful tool for the University students proceeding with studying engineering due to the fact that all subjects in this particular field more or less have to cover the history and development of the studied object. It is expected that studying different materials and technologies will help the students with a better understanding of driving forces, positive and negative consequences of technological development, etc

Management: A continuing literature survey with indexes

This bibliography lists 782 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in 1977. The citations, and abstracts when available, are reproduced exactly as they appeared originally in IAA and STAR, including the original accession numbers from the respective announcement journals. Topics cover the management of research and development contracts, production, logistics, personnel, safety, reliability and quality control citations. Includes references on: program, project and systems management; management policy, philosophy, tools, and techniques; decisionmaking processes for managers; technology assessment; management of urban problems; and information for managers on Federal resources, expenditures, financing, and budgeting

Pilgrim crowd dynamics

Among the steady progression of disasters worldwide lie the numerous instances of fatality where crowds gather. The scale of these is particularly high at the Hajj in Makkah, where there are exceptionally high numbers of pedestrians in a number of confined areas and, depending on the time of year, all in searing heat. In order to reduce the likelihood of repetition in the future, the present thesis involved firstly determining the characteristics of the pedestrians attending the Hajj, and then collecting speed, flow and density data by observing them walking along one of the busiest roads between the Holy Mosque and the other holy sites, Ajyad Street. These were analyzed against various models from the literature including those of Greenshield, Weidmann and Greenberg, and it was found that none of these fitted convincingly, mostly because pilgrims do not walk at the maximum speeds that the crowd density allows. This thesis proposes the use instead of a maximum possible speed model based on a linear relationship between speed and density i.e. $u$ ≤ 1.75 (1 - $k$ /5.47) where $u$ is speed (m/s) and $k$ is density (people/m$^2$). It then goes on demonstrate with a simulation model that an increase of 50% in traffic with the current layout would result in severe overcrowding. This however could be avoided relatively easily by a particular combination of changing the directions of flow and the geometry of the road

Borderland Infrastructures

Across the Chinese borderlands, investments in large-scale transnational infrastructure such as roads and special economic zones have increased exponentially over the past two decades. Based on long-term ethnographic research, Borderland Infrastructures addresses a major contradiction at the heart of this fast-paced development: small-scale traders have lost their historic strategic advantages under the growth of massive Chinese state investment and are now struggling to keep their businesses afloat. Concurrently, local ethnic minorities have become the target of radical resettlement projects, securitization, and tourism initiatives, and have in many cases grown increasingly dependent on state subsidies. At the juncture of anthropological explorations of the state, border studies, and research on transnational trade and infrastructure development, Borderland Infrastructures provides new analytical tools to understand how state power is experienced, mediated, and enacted in Xinjiang and Yunnan. In the process, Rippa offers a rich and nuanced ethnography of life across China’s peripheries

Towards an intelligent Holy City: assessing the current training needs for the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah

The Hajj represents the fifth pillar of Islam, and more than three million pilgrims travel to Saudi Arabia every year to fulfil this obligation. Managing the Hajj effectively and ensuring the safety of the pilgrims is a complex process that requires highly specialised skills and expertise. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah (MHU) is responsible for Hajj planning. It is constantly striving to improve the services provided to pilgrims, notably by enhancing its crowd management capabilities. According to its Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia intends to increase its capacity to accommodate a larger number of Hajj pilgrims to increase income from non-oil products. As a result, the MHU is seeking to develop its employees' knowledge and skills and raise their capabilities in the field of technology and management of large crowds. Therefore, this research aims to assess the current training needs in the MHU, identify current challenges, skills and knowledge gaps, and develop a training needs analysis (TNA) framework to support the strategic development of up-skilling of employees. A mixed approach of using literature review, questionaries, and interviews is utilised with qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to achieve these aims. The use of more than one method of collecting data was implemented to achieve data triangulation. The qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis, and the quantitative data were analysed using statistical analysis. The findings showed a lack of understanding of TNA, lack of support from top management, poor communication, lack of technical skills, and a lack of professional expertise. The results also recognised some unique barriers to the adoption of TNA, including undesirable attitudes toward TNA; a lack of enforcement (putting into practice) towards training in general; no systematic attempts to address the most significant performance problems, and a lack of strategic planning in the conduct of training. However, all these challenges can be reduced by effectively implementing the suggested TNA framework and the recommendations of this research work. This study's original contribution is developing a comprehensive understanding of adopting training needs analysis (TNA) in the MHU in Saudi Arabia, one of the first practical studies about TNA in the MHU. Therefore, the study's findings will reinforce the current literature about TNA associated barriers in organisations and fill the gap in knowledge relating to the strategic development of training at MHU in particular; and in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries in general

Migracije, etničnost, rasizam: narativne strategije u književnim djelima azijskih Amerikanaca

The entry of Asian bodies into the United States continent is part of the worldwide labor migration that began in the sixteenth century and culminated in the U.S. imperial domination of the Philippines with the Spanish-American War of 1898. To symbolize the traumatic experience of uprooting and racist violence suffered by Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino migrants in the United States, ethnic artists from these diverse communities deploy several strategies: postmodernist affirmation of heterogeneity (in Frank Chin and Jeffery Chan), counter-identification and dis-identification (in Maxine Hong Kingston, Bharati Mukherjee, Hisaya Yamamoto), and prophetic figuration (Carlos Bulosan). These strategies articulate some of the ways in which Asian Americans attempt through ideological critique to overcome racism, exclusion, marginalization, and cooptation. In this process, the "Orientalized" or exoticized subject, grounded in the vicissitudes of U.S. capital accumulation (Depression, Cold War, and global commodification), can be appreciated as an appositional, emancipatory force with its own viable if limited historical agency. The goal of this ethnic art is the transcendence of racial oppression and liberation from the bondage of transnational capital.Ulazak azijskih masa na američki kontinent dio je svjetskih migracija koje su započele u 16. stoljeću, a vrhunac dosegle nakon španjolsko-američkog rata 1898. godine, kada su Filipini potpali pod imperijalnu dominaciju SAD-a. Kako bi simbolički prikazali traumatsko iskustvo iskorijenjenosti i rasističko nasilje kojima su izloženi kineski, japanski i filipinski migranti u Sjedinjenim Državama, etnički umjetnici ovih zajednica razvijaju nekoliko strategija: postmodernističku afirmaciju heterogenosti (Frank Chin i Jeffery Chan), kontra-identifikaciju i deidentifikaciju (Maxine Hong Kingston, Bharati Mukherjee, Hisaya Yamamoto) i proročko oblikovanje (Carlos Bulosan). Te strategije izražavaju neke načine kojima azijski Amerikanci pokušavaju prevladati rasizam, isključivanje, marginalizaciju i kooptiranje pomoću ideološke kritike. U tom procesu "orijentalizirana" ili egzotična tema, utemeljena na sudbini akumulacije kapitala u SAD-u (depresija, hladni rat i širenje potrošačkog društva), može se smatrati oporbenom, emancipirajućom snagom sa svojim vlastitim životnim, premda ograničenim, povijesnim djelovanjem. Cilj je ove etničke umjetnosti transcendentnost rasnog ugnjetavanja i oslobođenje iz ropstva transnacionalnoga kapitala

Innovation of Tourism Mobility Systems in Historic City Centres: The Case of Austria

Fundamentally, tourism involves people on the move. Although controlled and well-managed tourism mobility can facilitate the sustainable touristic utilisation of places, uncontrolled touristic movement often creates significant challenges for host destinations. Developments in technology and digitalisation, such as the ubiquitous use of smartphones, are changing not only the way tourists move and behave while visiting historic cities, but also the evolution and management of tourism mobility systems in cities. Therefore, it is crucial to understand these changes and their effects on existing tourism mobility systems to benefit from digitalisation. This thesis develops a detailed understanding of the configuration of existing tourism mobility systems to analyse and model digitally induced innovations in tourism mobility systems in tourist-historic cities in Europe. This study employs the multi-level perspective (MLP) as an analytical tool. This approach enables a holistic analysis of innovation processes within tourism mobility by incorporating both internal and external factors that may influence system change. A two-step empirical approach was adopted. First, a scoping study was employed to identify the current innovation status of tourism mobility systems in United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage City Centres in Europe. Based on these findings, in-depth expert interviews were then conducted for the Austrian case cities of Vienna, Salzburg and Graz to develop a detailed understanding of stepwise innovation within digitally penetrated tourism mobility systems. The main contribution of this study is the development of an analytical five-phase innovation model of tourism mobility systems in tourist-historic cities. This model provides a detailed understanding of the general characteristics of each innovation phase of the tourism mobility system and the drivers and constraints of innovation. The five-phase model can be used as an assessment tool to establish the current innovation status of a local tourism mobility system and to evaluate the readiness of the system to innovate (further). In addition, for the tourism mobility systems investigated in the research, a detailed understanding of the actor configuration was revealed, including the roles and responsibilities of the actors. This thesis also contributes to the conceptual discussion of tourism mobility as a joint objective for research and will be of utility to practitioners in developing more sustainable tourism mobility systems

Borderland Infrastructures

Across the Chinese borderlands, investments in large-scale transnational infrastructure such as roads and special economic zones have increased exponentially over the past two decades. Based on long-term ethnographic research, Borderland Infrastructures addresses a major contradiction at the heart of this fast-paced development: small-scale traders have lost their historic strategic advantages under the growth of massive Chinese state investment and are now struggling to keep their businesses afloat. Concurrently, local ethnic minorities have become the target of radical resettlement projects, securitization, and tourism initiatives, and have in many cases grown increasingly dependent on state subsidies. At the juncture of anthropological explorations of the state, border studies, and research on transnational trade and infrastructure development, Borderland Infrastructures provides new analytical tools to understand how state power is experienced, mediated, and enacted in Xinjiang and Yunnan. In the process, Rippa offers a rich and nuanced ethnography of life across China’s peripheries