Nano-networks communication architecture: Modeling and functions

Nano-network is a communication network at the Nano-scale between Nano-devices. Nano-devices face certain challenges in functionalities, because of limitations in their processing capabilities and power management. Hence, these devices are expected to perform simple tasks, which require different and novel approaches. In order to exploit different functionalities of Nano-machines, we need to manage and control a set of Nano-devices in a full Nano-network using an appropriate architecture. This step will enable unrivaled applications in the biomedical, environmental and industrial fields. By the arrival of Internet of Things (IoT) the use of the Internet has transformed, where various types of objects, sensors and devices can interact making our future networks connect nearly everything from traditional network devices to people. In this paper, we provide an unified architectural model of Nano-network communication with a layered approach combining Software Defined Network (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and IoT technologies and present how this combination can help in Nano-networks’ context. Consequently, we propose a set of functions and use cases that can be implemented by Nano-devices and discuss the significant challenges in implementing these functions with Nano-technology paradigm and the open research issues that need to be addressed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

A comprehensive survey on hybrid communication in context of molecular communication and terahertz communication for body-centric nanonetworks

With the huge advancement of nanotechnology over the past years, the devices are shrinking into micro-scale, even nano-scale. Additionally, the Internet of nano-things (IoNTs) are generally regarded as the ultimate formation of the current sensor networks and the development of nanonetworks would be of great help to its fulfilment, which would be ubiquitous with numerous applications in all domains of life. However, the communication between the devices in such nanonetworks is still an open problem. Body-centric nanonetworks are believed to play an essential role in the practical application of IoNTs. BCNNs are also considered as domain specific like wireless sensor networks and always deployed on purpose to support a particular application. In these networks, electromagnetic and molecular communications are widely considered as two main promising paradigms and both follow their own development process. In this survey, the recent developments of these two paradigms are first illustrated in the aspects of applications, network structures, modulation techniques, coding techniques and security to then investigate the potential of hybrid communication paradigms. Meanwhile, the enabling technologies have been presented to apprehend the state-of-art with the discussion on the possibility of the hybrid technologies. Additionally, the inter-connectivity of electromagnetic and molecular body-centric nanonetworks is discussed. Afterwards, the related security issues of the proposed networks are discussed. Finally, the challenges and open research directions are presented

Impacto da Doen?a de Alzheimer sobre Diferentes Topologias de Astr?citos em um Sistema de Comunica??o Molecular

A Internet das Bio Nano-Coisas ? um novo paradigma que visa proporcionar novas t?cnicas remotamente controladas de detec??o e atua??o dentro do corpo humano. Para o desenvolvimento desse paradigma, ? necess?rio que sejam modelados e investigados modelos capazes de conduzir a uma melhor compreens?o e uma detec??o precoce de doen?as. A doen?a de Alzheimer ? uma doen?a neuro degenerativa cr?nica que causa perda de mem?ria e n?o tem cura, sendo desenvolvida pelo ac?mulo de placas do pept?dio -amil?ide. Essa doen?a causa s?rios danos em neur?nios e tamb?m em c?lulas da glia, como os astr?citos. Por esse motivo, o presente trabalho investiga o efeito das placas de amil?ide em astr?citos com doen?a de Alzheimer. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um modelo computacional para a simula??o de um sistema de comunica??o molecular baseado na sinaliza??o de Ca2+, composto de astr?citos saud?veis e, tamb?m, de astr?citos acometidos pela Doen?a de Alzheimer. O simulador foi constru?do a partir de modelos matem?ticos concebidos por meio de resultados experimentais, os quais levam em considera??o a din?mica intracelular do astr?cito, a din?mica do IP3, as jun??es comunicantes, os canais de c?lcio controlados por tens?o e o volume dos astr?citos. O simulador implementado tamb?m leva em considera??o as diferentes topologias de redes de astr?citos, incluindo a rede de Grau Regular, rede de Raio de Liga??o, rede de Atalho e a rede Erd?s-R?nyi. Um resolvedor estoc?stico proposto em v?rias escalas captura a rela??o entre as rea??es intracelulares e intercelulares. Com isso, foram avaliadas algumas m?tricas que s?o capazes de avaliar o desempenho deste sistema de comunica??o, a saber, a extens?o de propaga??o, o atraso molecular, o ganho de canal, a capacidade do canal e o ru?do da comunica??o. Os resultados revelam que as oscila??es mais inst?veis, mas ao mesmo tempo mais baixas, das redes de astr?citos sob a influ?ncia da Doen?a de Alzheimer podem criar um efeito em v?rias escalas na comunica??o entre astr?citos com o maior atraso molecular, maior ru?do na comunica??o, menor ganho de canal e menor capacidade de canal em compara??o com astr?citos saud?veis.IFP