6,213 research outputs found
Incidence geometry from an algebraic graph theory point of view
The goal of this thesis is to apply techniques from algebraic graph theory to finite incidence geometry. The incidence geometries under consideration include projective spaces, polar spaces and near polygons. These geometries give rise to one or more graphs. By use of eigenvalue techniques, we obtain results on these graphs and on their substructures that are regular or extremal in some sense.
The first chapter introduces the basic notions of geometries, such as projective and polar spaces. In the second chapter, we introduce the necessary concepts from algebraic graph theory, such as association schemes and distance-regular graphs, and the main techniques, including the fundamental contributions by Delsarte.
Chapter 3 deals with the Grassmann association schemes, or more geometrically: with the projective geometries. Several examples of interesting subsets are given, and we can easily derive completely combinatorial properties of them.
Chapter 4 discusses the association schemes from classical finite polar spaces. One of the main applications is obtaining bounds for the size of substructures known as partial m- systems. In one specific case, where the partial m-systems are partial spreads in the polar space H(2d − 1, q^2) with d odd, the bound is new and even tight.
A variant of the famous Erdős-Ko-Rado problem is considered in Chapter 5, where we study sets of pairwise non-trivially intersecting maximal totally isotropic subspaces in polar spaces. A combination of geometric and algebraic techniques is used to obtain a classification of such sets of maximum size, except for one specific polar space, namely H(2d − 1, q^2) for odd rank d ≥ 5.
Near polygons, including generalized polygons and dual polar spaces, are studied in the last chapter. Several results on substructures in these geometries are given. An inequality of Higman on the parameters of generalized quadrangles is generalized. Finally, it is proved that in a specific dual polar space, a highly regular substructure would yield a distance- regular graph, generalizing a result on hemisystems.
The appendix consists of an alternative proof for one of the main results in the thesis, a list of open problems and a summary in Dutch
The nonexistence of regular near octagons with parameters (s, t, t(2), t(3)) = (2,24,0,8)
Let S be a regular near octagon with s + 1 = 3 points per line, let t + 1 denote the constant number of lines through a given point of S and for every two points x and y at distance i is an element of {2, 3} from each other, let t(i) + 1 denote the constant number of lines through y containing a (necessarily unique) point at distance i - 1 from x. It is known, using algebraic combinatorial techniques, that (t(2), t(3), t) must be equal to either (0, 0, 1), (0, 0, 4), (0, 3, 4), (0, 8, 24), (1, 2, 3), (2, 6, 14) or (4, 20, 84). For all but one of these cases, there is a unique example of a regular near octagon known. In this paper, we deal with the existence question for the remaining case. We prove that no regular near octagons with parameters (s, t, t(2), t(3)) = (2, 24, 0, 8) can exist
Polygons as optimal shapes with convexity constraint
In this paper, we focus on the following general shape optimization problem:
\min\{J(\Om), \Om convex, \Om\in\mathcal S_{ad}\}, where is a set of 2-dimensional admissible shapes and
is a shape functional. Using a specific
parameterization of the set of convex domains, we derive some extremality
conditions (first and second order) for this kind of problem. Moreover, we use
these optimality conditions to prove that, for a large class of functionals
(satisfying a concavity like property), any solution to this shape optimization
problem is a polygon
Metric inequalities for polygons
Let be the vertices of a polygon with unit perimeter, that
is . We derive various tight estimates on the
minimum and maximum values of the sum of pairwise distances, and respectively
sum of pairwise squared distances among its vertices. In most cases such
estimates on these sums in the literature were known only for convex polygons.
In the second part, we turn to a problem of Bra\ss\ regarding the maximum
perimeter of a simple -gon ( odd) contained in a disk of unit radius. The
problem was solved by Audet et al. \cite{AHM09b}, who gave an exact formula.
Here we present an alternative simpler proof of this formula. We then examine
what happens if the simplicity condition is dropped, and obtain an exact
formula for the maximum perimeter in this case as well.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures. This version replaces the previous version from
8 Feb 2011. A new section has been added and the material has been
reorganized; a correction has been done in the proof of Lemma 4 (analysis of
Case 3
Construction of harmonic diffeomorphisms and minimal graphs
We study complete minimal graphs in HxR, which take asymptotic boundary
values plus and minus infinity on alternating sides of an ideal inscribed
polygon Γ in H. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the
"lenghts" of the sides of the polygon (and all inscribed polygons in Γ)
that ensure the existence of such a graph. We then apply this to construct
entire minimal graphs in HxR that are conformally the complex plane C. The
vertical projection of such a graph yields a harmonic diffeomorphism from C
onto H, disproving a conjecture of Rick Schoen
Numerical hyperinterpolation over nonstandard planar regions
We discuss an algorithm (implemented in Matlab) that computes numerically total-degree bivariate orthogonal polynomials (OPs) given an algebraic cubature formula with positive weights, and constructs the orthogonal projection (hyperinterpolation) of a function sampled at the cubature nodes. The method is applicable to nonstandard regions where OPs are not known analytically, for example convex and concave polygons, or circular sections such as sectors, lenses and lunes
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