HARVEST FUNCTIONS: THE NORWEGIAN BOTTOM TRAWL COD FISHERIES

A detailed and comprehensive set of catch and effort data for the cod fisheries of 18 Norwegian bottom trawlers have been obtained for the period 1971–85, a period with few binding quota restrictions on vessel operations. Harvest functions have been designed and estimated. The independent variables are hours of trawling per vessel day and biomass of the cod stock (3+). Daily biomass estimates have been calculated by polynomial interpolation of the annual estimates of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). By maximizing the log-likelihood function using numerical methods, parameter estimates and performance indicators of the different models were obtained. The best result was obtained for a harvest model allowing for seasonal changes and with an autocorrelated error term. For this model, the stock-output elasticity is estimated at 0.424, the effort-output elasticity at 1.232, and the technological change at about a 2% annual increase in productivity. The seasonal changes in catchability are significant, with the lowest intra-annual catchability being less than 30% of the annual maximum.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Evaluating relative productivity and efficiency of hospitality properties using data envelopment analysis

The concept of productivity and efficiency is essential to any hospitality company as such companies usually face severe competition and operate in an ever-changing business environment. Purely financial measures of evaluating hospitality efficiency and productivity are not sufficient in the long-term. This study makes an attempt to evaluate the productivity and efficiency of hospitality operations using a nonparametric technique called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA is a special linear programming model for deriving the comparative efficiency of multiple-input multiple-output decision-making units. In many industries, the use of DEA helped properties identify millions of dollars of annual expense savings not identifiable with traditional financial and operating ratio analysis. This study selects a set of inputs and outputs for two geographical groupings of casino operations and examines the nature of information obtained from the DEA procedure. The study then focuses on the interpretation and practical usefulness of such information for the hospitality industry. The results of this study will help hospitality managers and consultants understand how the DEA approach can be used to identify weaknesses and strengths of a hospitality property and evaluate its efficiency and productivity

Environmental Efficiency Assessment of Dublin Port Using Two-Stage Non-Radial DEA Model

Global maritime trade has reached 11 billion tons and accounts for more than 80% of global merchandise trade (United Nations Conference on Trade & Development (UNCTAD), 2019). As a result, there is a wide range of vessels, from very large bulk carriers (coal, ores, grains, etc., and crude oil/refinery carriers) to container ships to various cruise ships and naval vessels. To efficiently accommodate these various vessels, ports have had to evolve from wharves to efficient logistical hubs within the larger supply chain that move vessels deeper into the hinterland. Port development is critical to managing the growing volume of cargo (European Commission (EC), 2011)

Measuring the Efficiency of Public Schools using Data Envelopment Analysis – An Exploratory Study

We explore measuring and comparing the efficiency of selected Abu Dhabi secondary public schools using data envelopment analysis. For better identification and specification, certain scenarios were developed using different combinations of inputs and outputs. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify expected reductions (in inputs) or increases (in outputs) needed for inefficient schools to become efficient. The inputs with greatest impact were cost per teacher and cost per students. The outputs with greatest impact were two student tests conducted at the national level. Analysis of variance showed that location and type of school had a significant impact on school efficiencies. Keywords: School efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Abu Dhab

Social outreach model and efficiency in Sharia micro finance institution : literature review

The aim of this research is to propose a model of social outreach in the Syariah Micro Finance Institution, which covers the Koperasi Syariah and Baitul Maal wa Tamwil in Indonesia. The data were taken from the financial reports, documentation, observation and field interviews. The research applies mixed empirical methods by combining two forms of quantitative and qualitative methodologies through the sequential explanatory strategy. The weight and the priority were given to quantitative data. The mixing of the data couldn’t be performed in each stage (partial), so we eliminated the methodologies in the partially mixed sequential dominant status design only. The efficiency calculation uses the input and output samples with the analysis instrument of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Meanwhile, the inter-relationships between variables uses the multivariate analysis. The secondary data triangulation, interview and focus groups were expected to improve the credibility of the findings. The results from other studies (literature review) explain that there is a partial or simultaneous influence, there is a trade-off and also correlation between financial and social efficiency.peer-reviewe

HSE management system and efficiency evaluation of construction projects

The strategy of Belt and Road Initiative actively advocates the establishment of economic partnerships with countries along the belt and road, and makes infrastructure construction a field for preferential development. It provides good development opportunities for domestic and foreign engineering contracting enterprises. The "Strategic Implementation Guidance Document" mentions that infrastructure construction and operation should be green and efficient. However, most state owned engineering contracting enterprises do not attach importance to HSE management, which obviously affects the engineering efficiency and hinders the sustainable development of enterprises. However, China's engineering contracting enterprises pay less attention to HSE management, which obviously affects project efficiency and hinders the sustainable develop ment of enterprises. This study takes a typical large project contracting enterprise (Enterprise A) in China as the research object, adopts the SWOT analysis method, analyzes the weakness of project management at the organization level, and consummates th e organization level project HSE management system of the enterprise at the organization layer and the project layer. Through the enterprise interview, questionnaire design and investigation, this study puts forward the suitable indicators and methods of H SE management performance evaluation, and verifies the effectiveness of the methods through the empirical analysis of eight projects. Then, this study proposes incorporating the project HSE management performance into the comprehensive evaluation methods o f project efficiency. The empirical analysis shows that the HSE management system proposed in this study at the organization layer and at the project layer can improve the HSE management performance of the project. Project HSE management performance has a positive impact on project efficiency, that is, the more enterprises attach importance to project HSE management, the higher the degree of completion of project objectives. The above research results are helpful to improve project management system at the organizational level and enhance the competitiveness of project contracting enterprises.A estratégia da "Belt and Road Initiative" defende ativamente o estabelecimento de parcerias económicas com os países ao longo de uma determinada faixa e faz da construção de infraestruturas um campo preferencial para desenvolvimento. Este campo fornece boas oportunidades de desenvolvimento para as empresas de engenharia nacionais e estrangeiras. O "Documento de Orientação de Implementação Estratégica" menciona que a construção e operação de infraestruturas deve ser eficiente e sustentável. No entanto, a grande maioria das empresas públicas contratadas não atribuem a devida importância aos sistemas de gestão de saúde e segurança (HSE) o que, obviamente, afecta a eficiência da engenharia e dificulta o desenvolvimento sustentável das empresas. As empresas privadas chinesas de engenharia ignoram a gestão HSE o que, obviamente, afecta, também, a eficiência dos projetos de sustentabilidade das empresas. Neste trabalho foi considerada uma grande empresa Chinesa de contratação (Empresa A) na China como referência de pesquisa, que adota a análise swot, analisa as fraquezas na gestão de projetos ao nível da organização e consuma a gestão de projetos em HSE ao nível da organização e do projeto em si. Através de entrevistas, questionários e investigação, este projeto apresenta os indicadores e métodos a dequados de avaliação de desempenho e verifica a efetividade dos métodos através da análise empírica de oito projetos. Em suma, este projeto propõe incorporar métodos de avaliação da eficiência através dos indicadores de gestão do HSE. A análise empírica demonstrou que o sistema proposto de gestão HSE, ao nível da organização e de projeto, pode aumentar efetivamente a gestão de performance do HSE em projeto. A gestão da performance do projeto HSE teve um impacto positivo na eficiência do projeto, ou seja, quanto mais as empresas atribuirem importância à gestão de projetos HSE maior será o nível de conclusão dos objetivos sustentáveis do projeto. Os resultados deste projeto são úteis para melhorar o sistema de gestão de projetos ao nível organizacional e aum entar a competitividade das empresas na contratação de projectos

Exploring sources of local government technical inefficiency: evidence from Flemish municipalities

The present paper explores sources of technical (in)efficiency of Flemish municipalities in their production of local public goods (in the year 2000). In assessing inefficiency derivation, we focus on socio-economic and political characteristics of the municipalities as potential source. Our main findings indicate that while the socio-economic make-up of the population (i.c. income, income inequality, education and unemployment) appears to bear little relation to local (in)efficiency, the reverse holds for the municipal financial situation (i.c. grants, historical debt and fiscal surplus) as well as population size and density. Also, different types of communities – i.e. agricultural, residential, industrial, touristic or urbanised – are generally found to achieve comparable performance levels in providing ‘core’ public services. While indicative, the limitations of our dataset imply that further work is vital before definitive conclusions (as well as causal inferences) can be made. -- Im vorliegenden Papier untersuchen wir anhand flämischer Gemeindeverwaltungen im Jahr 2002 die Ursachen von technischer Effizienz bzw. Ineffizienz in der Bereitstellung von lokalen öffentlichen Gütern. Als mögliche Quellen von Ineffizienz fokussieren wir in unserer Analyse auf sozioökonomische und politische Charakteristika der jeweiligen Gemeinden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die finanzielle Situation und die Einwohnerzahl und -dichte der Gemeinden (d.h. Subventionen, Altschuldenlasten, Haushaltsüberschüsse etc.) im Zusammenhang mit kommunaler (In)Effizienz stehen, während hingegen die Struktur der Bevölkerung in Hinblick auf sozioökonomische Charakteristika (z.B. Einkommen und deren Verteilung, Bildung und Arbeitslosigkeit) kaum einen Einfluss hat. Ebenso zeigen verschiedene Gemeindetypen (wir unterscheiden hier z.B. nach landwirtschaftlichen Gemeinden, Wohngegenden, Industriegebieten, touristisch erschlossenen und urbanisierten Gemeinden) ein vergleichbares Niveau in der Bereitstellung der wichtigsten öffentlichen Güter. Die Begrenztheit unserer Daten impliziert aber die Notwendigkeit weiterer Analysen bevor eindeutige Kausalitäten und Ergebnisse bestimmt werden können. Die vorliegende Arbeit bietet hierfür ein Beispiel und zeigt, wie eine solche Untersuchung gestaltet werden kann.Technical efficiency,government performance,Socio-economic typology,Flemish municipalities

China's insurance companies' efficiency: an empirical study

Great achievements have been seen in China's insurance industry in the past 20 years, however, inefficiency problems were prevailing as many insurance company only pursuing the expansion of the quantity, but not the increase of their key competitiveness. How to improve the core competitiveness of China's insurance industry, especially the efficiency of Chinese-funded insurance companies, has always been an important issue that the Chinese government, regulators and insurance institutions have been paying attention to and exploring for a long time. This thesis uses the most advanced efficiency evaluation model - three-stage DEA method and a samples of 43 property insurance companies and 53 life insurance companies to calculate the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency from 2008 to 2011. The research results show that China’s insurance industry has high technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency, while its scale efficiency is low and its scale is still in an expanding stage from 2008 to 2011. In order to compete with foreign insurance companies, Chinese insurance companies must upgrade their key competitiveness and pure technical efficiency as soon as possible. Through more rational allocation of resources and more refined management, China's insurance industry can achieve its development goals. According to Empirical research, the main reason for the weak core competitiveness of Chinese small and medium-sized insurance companies is the imbalance of inputs and outputs. Therefore, through rational allocation of resources, optimization of business strategies, and control of costs, the efficiency of companies can be improved. By studying the factors affecting the efficiency of Chinese insurance companies, the conclusion shows that the expansion of asset size will significantly increase the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of life insurance companies and property insurance companies. Moreover, all efficiency of foreign property insurance companies outperform Chinese-funded ones, while technical efficiency of Chinese-funded life insurance companies outperform foreign ones.Tem-se assistido nos últimos 20 anos um desenvolvimento extraordinário da indústria de seguros na China, contudo, o problema da ineficiência continua a ser um problema grave porquanto que a indústria de seguros na China caracteriza-se no essencial pela expansão em dimensão e não nos fatores de competitividade. A necessidade de melhoria da capacidade competitiva da indústria chinesa de seguros e, em especial, a eficiência de seguradoras de capital chinês tem sido uma preocupação importante para o governo chinês, para os reguladores e para as próprias instituições seguradoras. Este trabalho, utilizando o método de eficiência DEA de três estádios e uma amostra composta por 43 seguradoras de seguros imobiliários e 53 outras do ramo vida, computou a eficiência técnica, eficiência técnica pura e a escala de eficiência no período de 2008 e 2011. Os resultados da investigação mostram que a indústria seguradora da China tem uma elevada eficiência técnica e técnica pura, enquanto que a escala de eficiência é baixa e demonstramos que se encontrava numa fase de desenvolvimento no período de 2008 e 2011. De acordo com a nossa investigação empírica, a razão principal da fraca competitividade das seguradoras chinesas de pequena e média dimensão é o desequilíbrio entre «inputs» e «outputs». Com uma afetação racional de recursos, otimização de estratégias de mercados e controlo de custos, a eficiência das seguradoras poderia ser melhorada. Na análise de fatores que afetam a eficiência das empresas chinesas de seguros, o nosso estudo mostra que o reforço de ativos contribuirá para a melhoria da eficiência técnica e da escala de eficiência de seguradoras tanto do ramo vida como do ramo imobiliário. Concluímos ainda que as seguradoras estrangeiras têm melhor eficiência do que as congéneres chinesas, mas avaliando pela ótica de eficiência técnica, as seguradoras chinesas têm melhor desempenho que as seguradoras estrangeiras