Implementation overview of organizational routines in Lean Product Development (LPD)

Most organizations cannot sustain one of the principles of the Lean approach, such as the pursuit of perfection / continuous improvement. So they fail over time. The proposal for the use of the same as the facts and functional functions to the practical practice, the functional function and the approach to work with other aspect as tangible (thought gerential, routines). Some authors advocate an idea that journeys are a way of maintaining a journey for continuous improvement. Based on this, this article aimed to analyze how the organizational routines are worked with the objective of maintaining the search for continuous improvement in Lean Product Development. The method awoke the research for the theoretical-conceptual process, based on the systematic bibliographical review for the accomplishment of bibliometric analysis and scientific content. The research resulted in a portfolio of 12 articles, which were analyzed according to the purpose of a research. This surveys aims to contribute to the verification of a gap in the knowledge of how routines are performed and treated within the Lean Product Development in order to assist as organizations in the quest for the sustainability of continuous improvement

Integrating Knowledge in Organizations: A Lessons Learned Case Study

El paper del coneixement comú a les organitzacions (CKO, en la sigla en anglès) és creixent en la literatura com un tema important; tanmateix, la seva formalització és lenta. Aquesta tesi presenta un model de CKO que descriu la seva relació amb la capacitat organitzativa en el context de les teories de l’empresa. Disseny, metodologia i enfocament Tenint en compte l’estat no sistematitzat del coneixement a les organitzacions i els diversos enfocaments de què és objecte la capacitat organitzativa, en aquest treball s’analitzen textos de les teories del coneixement i de les teories de l’empresa, seguint mètodes de codificació de la grounded theory, amb vista a emmarcar un model per tal d’observar i avaluar casos de CKO que participen en la pràctica productiva. El component de recerca empírica d’aquesta tesi segueix l’estratègia de l’estudi del cas per a la recopilació de dades i de la grounded theory per a la seva anàlisi. El cas correspon a un programa de cooperació internacional interuniversitari, que va durar deu anys, en què s’integren els coneixements en forma de lliçons apreses. Les dades inclouen l’extensa documentació del programa, tres sèries d’enquestes, 16 entrevistes filmades i 36 històries. Aquí, la grounded theory segueix el concepte de sensibilització de Charmaz (2000)per guiar la codificació inicial utilitzant com a referència el marc conceptual desenvolupat. Conclusions El CKO es caracteritza per: a) la tensió en la integració dels coneixements en la pràctica productiva; b) la lògica d’instrumentalitzar eines organitzacionals (OT), y c) els processos pels quals es reconeixen els coneixedors. El CKO funciona com a mediador entre les OT (directives, plans, estructura, arquitectura i rutines) i l’eficiència de la capacitat organitzativa. El CKO apareix no com una eina organitzativa, sinó com els processos relacionats que els instrumentalitzen i per mitjà dels quals els coneixedors són reconeguts i donen forma al sistema interpretatiu de l’organització. Aquesta tesi ofereix criteris de gestió orientats a l’eficiència del CKO (sorgits d’aquesta concepció), amb vista a aplicar eines organitzatives que integren el coneixement en la pràctica productiva, i proposa: a) una visió organitzacional integral de les teories existents del saber; b) un model d’observació d’instàncies del saber a les organitzacions; c) un esquema per tal d’emmarcar les teories de l’empresa, i d) un model per entendre el rol del coneixement comú a les organitzacions.El papel del conocimiento común en las organizaciones (CKO por sus siglas en inglés) se acentúa en la literatura como un tema importante; sin embargo su formalización está rezagada. Esta tesis presenta un modelo de CKO que describe su relación con la capacidad organizacional en el contexto de las teorías de la firma. Diseño, metodología y enfoque: Teniendo en cuenta el estado no-operacionalizado del conocimiento en las organizaciones y los variados acercamientos a la capacidad organizacional, este trabajo entrevista textos de las teorías del conocimiento y de las teorías de la firma, siguiendo métodos de codificación de “grounded theory”, para enmarcar un modelo para observar y evaluar instancias de CKO que participan en la práctica productiva. El componente de investigación empírica de esta tesis sigue la estrategia de estudio de caso para la recopilación de datos, y “grounded theory” para su análisis. El caso corresponde a un programa de cooperación internacional Interuniversitario, que duró diez años, en el que se integra conocimientos en lecciones aprendidas. Los datos incluyen la extensa documentación del programa, 3 sets de encuestas, 16 entrevistas filmadas y 36 historias. Aquí, “grounded theory” sigue el concepto de sensibilización de Charmaz (2000) para guiar la codificación inicial utilizando como referencia el marco conceptual desarrollado. Hallazgos: CKO está caracterizado por la (a) tensión en la integración de conocimientos en la práctica productiva, (b) la lógica de instrumentalizar herramientas organizacionales (OT) y (c) los procesos por los cuales se reconocen a los conocedores. CKO funciona como mediador entre OT (directivas, planes, estructura, arquitectura y rutinas) y la eficiencia de la capacidad organizacional. CKO emerge, no como una herramienta organizacional, sino como los procesos relacionados que los instrumentalizan, y por medio de los cuales los conocedores son reconocidos y dan forma al sistema interpretativo organizacional. Esta disertación ofrece criterios de gestión orientados a la eficiencia (surgidos de esta concepción) de CKO) para aplicar herramientas organizacionales que integran el conocimiento en la práctica productiva, y propone (a) una visión organizacional integral de teorías existentes del saber, (b) un modelo de observación de instancias del saber en organizaciones, (c) un esquema para enmarcar teorías de la firma, y (d) un modelo para entender el rol del conocimiento común en las organizaciones.The role of common knowledge in organizations (CKO) is emphasized in literature as an important topic; however, its formalization has been neglected. This dissertation presents a model of CKO that depicts its relationship with the capability of the organization within the context of theories of the firm. Design/methodology/approach: Considering the un-operationalized status of knowledge in organizations and the several approaches to organizational capability, this work interviews text of the theories of knowing and the theories of the firm, following grounded theory coding methods, to frame a model to observe and assess CKO instances that participate in the productive practice. The research empirical component of this dissertation follows case study strategy for data collection and grounded theory for data analysis. The case corresponds to a ten-year International Inter-university Cooperation Program that integrates knowledge into lessons learned. Data include program extensive program documentation, 3 sets of surveys, 16 filmed interviews, and 36 stories. Grounded theory follows Charmaz (2000) sensitizing concept approach to guide initial coding using the developed framework. Findings: CKO is characterized by the (a) tension of integrating knowledge into the productive practice, (b) logic of instrumentalizing organizational tools (OT), and (c) processes by which knowers are recognized. CKO also operates as mediator between OT (directives, plans, structure, architecture and routines) and the efficiency of the organizational capability. CKO emerges, not as an organizational tool, but as the related processes that instrumentalize them, or by which knowers are recognized and shape the organizational interpretative system. Dissertation offers efficiency oriented managerial criteria (emerged from the CKO conception) for applying organizational tools to integrate knowledge into the productive practice, and proposes (a) an integrated organizational view of extant theories of knowing, (b) a model for observing knowing instances in organizations, (c) a scheme for framing theories of the firm, and (d) a model for understanding the role of common knowledge in organization

Demystifying paradox in modern IT organizations: A transformation toward ambidexterity

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

The Concept of Organizational Routines and Its Potential for Investigating Educational Initiatives in Practice:A Systematic Review of the Literature

This review examines the concept of organizational routines and its potential for investigating educational initiatives in practice. The studies in our review revealed three different approaches to routines: (1) examining organizational routines as entities, (2) (also) examining conversational routines, and (3) examining the internal structure of organizational routines. Current definitions, operationalizations, and examinations can lack clarity and validity. At present, the concept of organizational routines not only holds potential but is also ambiguous. To bolster the potential of the concept, two working definitions of organizational routines are formalized that best allow researchers to investigate initiatives in practice. These working definitions are needed to create clarity regarding the concept and for it to be able to deliver on its promise for providing meaningful and relevant information on how new initiatives actually work and unfold in practice

Knowledge management and organizational intelligence as tools to combat Covid-19

[SPA] La aparición de un nuevo coronavirus a finales de 2019 generó una grave crisis sanitaria en todo el mundo. En pocos meses, este virus denominado COVID-19 estuvo presente en varios países, siendo reconocido por la OMS como una pandemia. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha sido dramática para la economía y la sociedad. En muchos sectores económicos, las empresas se enfrentan a la inoperancia de sus actividades comerciales. En el sector de la salud, por ejemplo, las instituciones se enfrentaron a una presión sin precedentes que expuso algunas debilidades para responder a los cambios en el entorno. Ante este escenario, la gestión del conocimiento y la inteligencia organizacional se vuelven fundamentales para que los hospitales puedan adaptarse a los cambios del entorno y responder de manera efectiva a los nuevos desafíos. Considerando este escenario, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de la gestión efectiva del conocimiento, la inteligencia organizacional y el desempeño organizacional en la efectividad de la respuesta de los hospitales al COVID-19. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de encuestas enviadas a médicos y enfermeras que trabajan en hospitales de Brasil y Portugal. La encuesta fue enviada a través de una red social profesional, con 248 respuestas válidas. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de datos PLS-SEM para probar las hipótesis. Los resultados mostraron que existe una relación positiva entre la gestión efectiva del conocimiento, la inteligencia organizacional y el desempeño organizacional con la respuesta efectiva de los hospitales al COVID-19. Además, los resultados sugieren la necesidad de que los gerentes se centren más en el desarrollo de programas internos para fomentar la transferencia de conocimiento entre sus empleados. Como implicaciones prácticas, la investigación valida las relaciones entre la gestión eficaz del conocimiento, el desempeño organizacional y la eficacia de la respuesta de los hospitales al COVID-19, así como la importancia de la gestión eficaz del conocimiento para el manejo de la pandemia. Como novedad, esta encuesta brinda a los hospitales y otras organizaciones de atención médica una guía sobre los recursos clave que estas organizaciones deben dirigir sus esfuerzos para mejorar su efectividad al responder a nuevos brotes de enfermedades. [ENG] The emergence of a novel coronavirus at the end of 2019 generated a severe health crisis worldwide. In a few months, this virus called COVID-19 was present in several countries, being recognized by the WHO as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic was dramatic for the economy and society. In many economic sectors, companies were faced with the inoperability of their commercial activities. For example, in the healthcare sector, institutions were faced with unprecedented pressure, and this pandemic has exposed some weaknesses in the responses to environmental changes. As a result of this scenario, knowledge management and organizational intelligence become fundamental for hospitals to adapt to changes in the environment and respond effectively to new challenges. Considering this scenario, this research aims to analyze the influence of effective knowledge management, organizational intelligence, and organizational performance on the effective hospitals' response to COVID-19. Data were collected through research sent to physicians and nurses working in Brazil and Portugal hospitals. We sent the survey using a professional social network, and 248 valid responses were obtained. The PLS-SEM analysis technique was used to test hypotheses. The results showed a positive relationship between effective knowledge management, organizational intelligence, and organizational performance with the effective hospital’s response to COVID-19. Additionally, the results suggest the need for managers to focus more on developing internal programs encouraging knowledge transfers among their employees. As practical implications, our research validates the relationships between effective knowledge management, organizational performance, effective hospitals’ response to COVID-19, and the importance of effective knowledge management for pandemic management. In originality, this research provides hospitals and other healthcare organizations with a direction on key resources to which these organizations should turn their efforts to improve their effectiveness in responding to new disease outbreaks.Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Politécnica de CartagenaUniversidad Politécnica de CartagenaPrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias Económicas, Empresariales y Jurídica

Autonomy in local digital journalism: a mixed-method triangulation exploration of the organizational culture and individual moral psychology factors of digital news workers

2021 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.The main purpose of this mixed-method dissertation was to examine the shifting digital news industry, especially in regard to individual and organizational-level autonomy. Specifically, this work responds to calls in media ethics, media sociology, and moral ecology to better understand how organizational structure and individual moral psychology factors influence the levels digital news workers exhibit autonomy within their digital news organization. The autonomous agency of news workers is an essential indicator of how journalism work is fulfilling its role as the fourth estate in American democracy. This dissertation examined how autonomy is either inhibited or enabled by a myriad of factors in the digital news frontier. I worked with the editorial staff at a hyper-local digitally native news organization, The Golden Gate, over the course of one year. I began the research process with a participant observation period. Then a few months later the staff completed a moral psychology-based survey online. My data collection period ended with in-depth participant interviews based on the themes found during the first two phases. My data collection resulted in several themes to answer my research questions concerning the organizational structure, leadership, socialization, and autonomy of The Golden Gate. These themes included company culture (divided into several sub themes), routine and workflow (also divided into several sub themes), individual autonomy, individual processes of growth, organizational autonomy (also divided into several sub themes), and professional autonomy. The first overarching perspective I gained during this study was that the experimental hyper-local journalism model enacted by The Golden Gate digital news organization represented a new wave of digital journalism. The Golden Gate's digital product was a carefully curated newsletter representing a richer take on conveying not just their original reporting, but the story of the city. A second overarching perspective I gained during my research process was seeing the strength of how the moral psychology components informed the media sociological considerations of my research site. The moral psychology survey components teased out the ethical climates of the staff. The highest ranking ethical climate (according to the Ethical Climate Questionnaire results) for The Golden Gate was the social responsibility climate, a climate that speaks to journalistic professional norms of serving the public good. The second highest ranked ECQ was the teamwork climate. These ethical orientations stemmed in part from the company's structuring vision of an audience-first focus, but they also flowed from the staff's strong allegiance to professional journalistic norms, as deciphered from the moral psychology components of my survey. I also found support for my variables. When I examined my data on the variable of The Golden Gate's organizational structure and routines, I found that in some ways, the company practiced traditional news culture. They exemplified high levels of independence in their reporting processes. The routine of the staff needing to divide their time between traditional reporting and public relations roles, however, was where the culture of the organization shifted significantly. They also exemplified a highly collaborative and role sharing work ethic. When I evaluated the leadership structure at The Golden Gate, I found a culture where each staff member was expected to take complete ownership of their role in the company. From the top down, everyone pitched in as needed, and they were all asked to actively participate in money and workflow committees as part of their regular duties. When I evaluated levels of autonomy, The Golden Gate staff exemplified high levels of autonomous agency in nearly every area of their work. Even in collaborative moments, the staff members each contributed their unique strengths and perspectives to get stories out. The staff also expressed a high level of freedom from top-level oversight as they shaped the voicing and coverage of their city. The staff did convey, however, a tension of the audience-first focus as a major driver of what stories they would work on. I also explored future research implications for media ethics, media sociology, and moral psychology, all research paradigms that can offer rich and varied perspectives on the future of digital journalism work

Minimizing the effects of defensive routines on knowledge hiding though unlearning

Knowledge hiding is an activity that often comes naturally to humans. When we are children, our parents hide certain information to protect us. As we age, we learn to develop defensive routines to protect ourselves and our weaknesses through knowledge hiding. In this study, intentional unlearning are assemblages of knowledge structures that individuals engage in to put aside certain number defensive routines and thus minimize their effects on hiding or misapplication of knowledge. This study analyses the applicability of an unlearning model focused on the effects of defensive routines on knowledge hiding. The empirical research is conducted with 122 airline travelers using two surveys (one in Spanish and the other in English). Since the travelers flew during the pandemic, they would have experienced first-hand the presence of defensive routines in the face of the new sanitary and safety measures. Data is analyzed using SmartPLS 3 for Windows. The results suggest that intentional unlearning is negatively related to defensive routines and furthermore that these routines are positively related to knowledge hiding. The results stand to improve the quality of service within airports and are beneficial for organizations undergoing change initiatives.We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers and editors who participated in the first reviews of this study