753,074 research outputs found

    Strengthening Students’ English Competence Based on the Results of Their English Proficiency Test with the Use of the Expert System with Forward Chaining Method

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    This article presents the results of a study that aimed to strengthen students' English language competency based on the results of their English proficiency tests using an expert system with a forward chaining method. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, with an experimental group receiving intervention using the expert system and a control group following traditional classroom instruction. The analysis of pre and post-test assessments revealed significant improvements in language skills for the experimental group compared to the control group. Additionally, the comparison of English proficiency test results showed higher mean scores for the experimental group, indicating a positive impact of the expert system intervention. The findings highlight the potential of the expert system with forward chaining in providing personalized and adaptive learning experiences, supporting language educators in addressing individual students' weaknesses, and enhancing overall language development. Further research with larger sample sizes and diverse participant groups is recommended to validate these findings and explore the scalability of this approach in language education

    Analysis, Design, Implementation, and Deployment of a Prototype Maintenance Advisor Expert System for the MK92 Fire Control System

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    17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under review.In an effort to meet the challenges presented by the fiscal realities of today's defense budget, the Department of Defense (DoD) is seeking to exploit technology that promises to decrease operating costs, while improving operational readiness. Efforts which reduce repair costs, system down time, and the reliance upon outside technical representative are of particular interest. The development of the MK92 Maintenance Advisor Expert System (MK92 MAES) is one such effort. This paper describes the design and development of the MK92 MAES for the diagnosis and repair of the MK92 MOD 2 fire control system deployed on U.S. Navy guided missile frigates. System development is presented in terms of an expert system life cycle model which includes a thorough cost/benefit analysis, a novel approach for knowledge acquisition, an implementation strategy using a visual expert system development environment, and a phased deployment strategy. The system was developed by faculty and graduate students at the Naval Postgraduate School in cooperation with the Naval Warfare Center, Port Hueneme Division.The author thanks...Dean of Research Office at the Naval Postgraduate School for paying the publication cost

    Simulation Approach Selection in Reservoir Management

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    Rapid evolution of technologies in petroleum industry in last decades has significantly improved our abilities in hydrocarbon reservoirs development. The number and complexity of tasks to be solved by reservoir engineers are gradually increasing, while the cost of field development projects is rising. In this conditions, optimal decision-making in reservoir management becomes critical since it might result in either significant benefit or financial loss to a production company. Although a significant improvement was made in project risk management to control project costs in the case of unfavorable outcome, reservoir evaluation still plays the important role and affect entire reservoir management and production process. Since the work of petroleum engineers actively involves reservoir simulation and target search for optimal solution of the particular reservoir assessment problems, selection of the most appropriate simulation approach in a timely manner is important. Successful search for suitable solution to a particular reservoir engineering problem is always a non-trivial task since it involves analysis and processing of large amounts of data and requires professional expertise in the subject area. In this work we proposed an expert system, what provide flexible framework for the proper simulation approach selection and involves thorough data analysis, multiple constraints handling, expert knowledge utilization, and intelligent output requirements implementation. This expert system utilizes linguistic method of the pattern recognition theory for knowledge base design and inference engine implementation, what significantly simplifies procedures of the system design and provides it with tuning flexibility. This thesis elaborates on major aspects of the expert system design in close relation to data processing and recommended solution finding methods. To validate the expert system’s applicability, several tests were designed based on the synthetic Brugge field case and real petroleum reservoir data. These tests demonstrate functionality of the major expert system elements and advantages of selected implementation methods. Based on obtained results we can conclude successful development of the expert system for appropriate simulation approach selection

    Design And Implementation Of Expert Systems In Trace Metal Analysis

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    Atomic Absorption Expert (AAexpert) is an expert system dealing with automated analysis for trace metals by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). This program consists of several stand-alone expert systems, each performing a specific task associated with the analysis.;In this thesis, the design and implementation of three important modules of AAexpert have been studied. These are (a) AAdiagnosis - detects problems associated with analytical data of poor quality and instrument malfunction, (b) AA-Quality Control (AA-QC) - provides a real-time assessment of the quality of measured absorbance values, and (c) AAmethods - selects a method of analysis from a method selection database and a rulebase.;The focal points of the work presented here are (a) the transfer of human expertise to a computer program, and (b) the requirements for totally unattended automated analyses.;In the transfer of human expertise, knowledge acquisition has been stressed and the development of a knowledge table has been described. The developer of the expert system assembles the chemical knowledge as case histories. The knowledge table generates rules that represent the acquired knowledge. This approach of knowledge acquisition would greatly assist chemists in the generation, expansion, and portability of their knowledge bases. The implementation of the knowledge table has been demonstrated in AAdiagnosis in which the developer gathers knowledge as a matrix of symptoms (rows) and the underlying causes (columns).;The goal towards totally automated analysis has been described in AA-QC. This module closely interacts with AAcontrol, a module responsible for solution handling and acquisition of data by flame AAS (FAAS). It has been shown that by modelling the detector response (the absorption profile), it is possible to detect a few common and simple problems associated with analysis by FAAS. AA-QC uses a training set based on the numerical analysis of the absorption profile for a set of standard solutions. AA-QC uses production rules to detect problems associated with the analysis.;The use of an expert database system has been studied in AAmethods. The use of rules to suggest a closest match method of analysis contained in an expert database has been demonstrated

    Integrated application of compositional and behavioural safety analysis

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    To address challenges arising in the safety assessment of critical engineering systems, research has recently focused on automating the synthesis of predictive models of system failure from design representations. In one approach, known as compositional safety analysis, system failure models such as fault trees and Failure Modes and Effects Analyses (FMEAs) are constructed from component failure models using a process of composition. Another approach has looked into automating system safety analysis via application of formal verification techniques such as model checking on behavioural models of the system represented as state automata. So far, compositional safety analysis and formal verification have been developed separately and seen as two competing paradigms to the problem of model-based safety analysis. This thesis shows that it is possible to move forward the terms of this debate and use the two paradigms synergistically in the context of an advanced safety assessment process. The thesis develops a systematic approach in which compositional safety analysis provides the basis for the systematic construction and refinement of state-automata that record the transition of a system from normal to degraded and failed states. These state automata can be further enhanced and then be model-checked to verify the satisfaction of safety properties. Note that the development of such models in current practice is ad hoc and relies only on expert knowledge, but it being rationalised and systematised in the proposed approach – a key contribution of this thesis. Overall the approach combines the advantages of compositional safety analysis such as simplicity, efficiency and scalability, with the benefits of formal verification such as the ability for automated verification of safety requirements on dynamic models of the system, and leads to an improved model-based safety analysis process. In the context of this process, a novel generic mechanism is also proposed for modelling the detectability of errors which typically arise as a result of component faults and then propagate through the architecture. This mechanism is used to derive analyses that can aid decisions on appropriate detection and recovery mechanisms in the system model. The thesis starts with an investigation of the potential for useful integration of compositional and formal safety analysis techniques. The approach is then developed in detail and guidelines for analysis and refinement of system models are given. Finally, the process is evaluated in three cases studies that were iteratively performed on increasingly refined and improved models of aircraft and automotive braking and cruise control systems. In the light of the results of these studies, the thesis concludes that integration of compositional and formal safety analysis techniques is feasible and potentially useful in the design of safety critical systems

    A Review of Diagnostic Techniques for ISHM Applications

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    System diagnosis is an integral part of any Integrated System Health Management application. Diagnostic applications make use of system information from the design phase, such as safety and mission assurance analysis, failure modes and effects analysis, hazards analysis, functional models, fault propagation models, and testability analysis. In modern process control and equipment monitoring systems, topological and analytic , models of the nominal system, derived from design documents, are also employed for fault isolation and identification. Depending on the complexity of the monitored signals from the physical system, diagnostic applications may involve straightforward trending and feature extraction techniques to retrieve the parameters of importance from the sensor streams. They also may involve very complex analysis routines, such as signal processing, learning or classification methods to derive the parameters of importance to diagnosis. The process that is used to diagnose anomalous conditions from monitored system signals varies widely across the different approaches to system diagnosis. Rule-based expert systems, case-based reasoning systems, model-based reasoning systems, learning systems, and probabilistic reasoning systems are examples of the many diverse approaches ta diagnostic reasoning. Many engineering disciplines have specific approaches to modeling, monitoring and diagnosing anomalous conditions. Therefore, there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach to building diagnostic and health monitoring capabilities for a system. For instance, the conventional approaches to diagnosing failures in rotorcraft applications are very different from those used in communications systems. Further, online and offline automated diagnostic applications are integrated into an operations framework with flight crews, flight controllers and maintenance teams. While the emphasis of this paper is automation of health management functions, striking the correct balance between automated and human-performed tasks is a vital concern

    The position and tasks of international organizations in the labor migration management

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    Purpose: The purpose of this note is to present the main international organizations involved in the labor migration management, to reveal their position and to evaluate their work in migration macroeconomic processes, identify obstacles to effective control of labor migrants flows at the global level. Design/Methodology/Approach: Methods of expert evaluations, comparison, generalization, classification and analysis were used in the study. The study is based on the legislation analysis of the International labor Organization and other specialized agencies of the United Nations. Findings: The author has investigated the position and tasks in labor force management of key international organizations dealing with labor migration at the global level. An important aspect of their activity is the comprehensive evaluation of migration processes, drawing up a global architecture of the migration, the relationship of the Sustainable Development Goals 2015-2030 with the population migration, as well as the establishment of a dialogue between different countries, the creation of international discussion platforms, the application of human rights norms to the regulation of the migration and the strengthening of the international legal regime in the field of migration. The author investigated the main trends in the global labor migration management, emphasizes the need for the formation of a multi-level migration management system carried out the analysis of the Global Compact for Safe, Regular and Orderly Migration. Practical implications: The results of the research will contribute to study international organizations on the labor migration global management. Originality/Value: Intergovernmental organizations is an important additional tool in building an international system of labor migration management. Donor and recipient countries of migrant workers, as well as international organizations often have different goals and objectives, but they are united by one global goal.peer-reviewe

    Design and evaluation of a consulting system for database design

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    Database design is a difficult problem for non-expert designers. It is desirable to assist such designers during the problem solving process by means of a knowledge based (KB) system. Although a number of prototype KB systems have been proposed, there are many shortcomings. Firstly, few have incorporated sufficient expertise in modeling relationships, particularly higher order relationships. Secondly, there does not seem to be any published empirical study that experimentally tested the effectiveness of any of these KB tools. Thirdly, problem solving behavior of non-experts, whom the systems were intended to assist, has not been one of the bases for system design. In this project, a consulting system, called CODA, for conceptual database design that addresses the above short comings was developed and empirically validated. More specifically, the CODA system incorporates (a) findings on why non-experts commit errors and (b) heuristics for modeling relationships. Two approaches to knowledge base implementation were used and compared in this project, namely system restrictiveness and decisional guidance (Silver 1990). The Restrictive system uses a proscriptive approach and limits the designer\u27s choices at various design phases by forcing him/her to follow a specific design path. The Guidance system approach, which is less restrictive, involves providing context specific, informative and suggestive guidance throughout the design process. Both the approaches would prevent erroneous design decisions. The main objectives of the study are to evaluate (1) whether the knowledge-based system is more effective than the system without a knowledge-base and (2) which approach to knowledge implementation - whether Restrictive or Guidance - is more effective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the knowledge base itself, the systems were compared with a system that does not incorporate the expertise (Control). An experimental procedure using student subjects was used to test the effectiveness of the systems. The subjects solved a task without using the system (pre-treatment task) and another task using one of the three systems, viz. Control, Guidance or Restrictive (experimental task). Analysis of experimental task scores of those subjects who performed satisfactorily in the pre-treatment task revealed that the knowledge based approach to database design support lead to more accurate solutions than the control system. Among the two KB approaches, Guidance approach was found to lead to better performance when compared to the Control system. It was found that the subjects perceived the Restrictive system easier to use than the Guidance system

    Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography method development and validation for estimation of efavirenz by Quality by Design approach

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    Quality by design (QbD) refers to the achievement of certain predictable quality with desired and predetermined specifications. A very useful component of the QbD is the understanding of factors and their interaction effects by a desired set of experiments by using software (design expert 8). The present study describes the development of a comprehensive science and risk based HPLC method which is given by design expert 8 and subsequent validation for the analysis of Efavirenz active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) using a quality by design approach. An efficient experimental design based on systematic scouting of all four key components of the RP‐HPLC method (column, pH, mobile phase and flow rate) is presented. The described method was linear. R2=0.9998. The precision, ruggedness and robustness values were also within the prescribed limits (<1% for system precision and <2% for other parameters). Chromatographic peak purity results indicated the absence of co‐eluting peaks with the main peak of Efavirenz. The proposed method can be used for routine analysis of Efavirenz in quality control laboratories. Keywords: Quality by design, HPLC, Efavirenz, design expert 8
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