Otimização estrutural de pórticos espaciais de aço via algoritmos de evolução diferencial

Spatial steel frames are structural systems widely applied in the most diverse branches of civil engineering. Common applications of this type of structure are found in residential and commercial buildings, industrial sheds, warehouses, airports, hospitals, cultural centers such as museums, sports stadiums, among others. In taller buildings, factors such as horizontal displacements due to wind loads, natural frequencies of vibration, and global stability become more relevant. With the advancement of engineering, the need for increasingly competitive and optimized projects emerged, arousing the search for computational methodologies capable of solving such problems. In the last decades, meta-heuristics have proven increasing efficiency and robustness in solving problems of this nature. This dissertation makes a study of structural optimization via differential evolution algorithms applied to spatial steel frames, having as an innovative point the addition of constraints related to the dynamic behavior and the global stability of the structure, in general neglected. Three sets of experiments are conducted, in which analyses of braced and unbraced structural systems, as well as studies for cardinality constraints and automatic member grouping, are taken into account in the steel frames optimization problems.Os pórticos espaciais de aço são sistemas estruturais vastamente aplicados nos mais diversos ramos da engenharia civil. Aplicações comuns desse tipo de estrutura são encontradas em prédios residenciais ou comerciais, galpões industriais, almoxarifados, aeroportos, hospitais, centros culturais como museus, estádios desportivos, entre outros. À medida que as construções vão se tornando cada vez mais altas, fatores como deslocamentos horizontais devido às cargas de vento, frequências naturais de vibração e estabilidade global da estrutura passam a ser mais relevantes em relação as restrições de resistência. Com o avanço da engenharia, veio a necessidade de projetos cada vez mais competitivos e otimizados, despertando a procura de metodologias computacionais capazes de resolver tais problemas. Nas últimas décadas as meta-heurísticas vieram mostrando eficiência e robustez crescentes na solução de problemas dessa natureza. Esta dissertação faz um estudo de otimização estrutural via algoritmos de evolução diferencial aplicado aos pórticos espaciais de aço, tendo como caráter inovador a adição de restrições relativas ao comportamento dinâmico e à estabilidade global da estrutura, em geral negligenciadas. Três conjuntos de experimentos são conduzidos, nos quais análises de sistemas estruturais contraventados e não-contraventados, bem como estudos para restrição de cardinalidade e agrupamento automático de membros são levados em consideração na otimização das estruturas de aço.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Insects

In this thematic series, engineers and scientists come together to address two interesting interdisciplinary questions in functional morphology and biomechanics: How do the structure and material determine the function of insect body parts? How can insects inspire engineering innovations

SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION PATTERN DUE TO COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY IN KAMPONG HOUSE

ABSTRACT Kampung houses are houses in kampung area of the city. Kampung House oftenly transformed into others use as urban dynamics. One of the transfomation is related to the commercial activities addition by the house owner. It make house with full private space become into mixused house with more public spaces or completely changed into full public commercial building. This study investigate the spatial transformation pattern of the kampung houses due to their commercial activities addition. Site observations, interviews and questionnaires were performed to study the spatial transformation. This study found that in kampung houses, the spatial transformation pattern was depend on type of commercial activities and owner perceptions, and there are several steps of the spatial transformation related the commercial activity addition. Keywords: spatial transformation pattern; commercial activity; owner perception, kampung house; adaptabilit

Research and technology

Significant research and technology activities at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) during Fiscal Year 1990 are reviewed. Research in human factors engineering, the Space Shuttle, the Space Station Freedom, space exploration and related topics are covered

NASA Tech Briefs, April 1993

Topics include: Optoelectronics; Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Computer Programs; Mechanics; Machinery; Fabrication Technology; Mathematics and Information Sciences; Life Sciences

Pameran Reka Cipta, Penyelidikan dan Inovasi (PRPI) 2009

PRPI 2009 kini telah memasuki tahun penganjurannya yang ke-7. Pameran penyelidikan di UPM telah bermula sejak tahun 1997 semasa Exhibition & Seminar Harnessing for Industry Advantage. Pada tahun 2002, Pameran Reka Cipta dan Penyelidikan (PRP) buat pertama kali telah diadakan dengan menggunakan konsep pertandingan hasil projek penyelidikan yang telah dijalankan oleh para penyelidik UPM. Kejayaan penganjuran PRP 2002 telah merintis usaha untuk menjadikannya sebagai aktiviti tahunan UPM dan ianya terus berkembang sejajar dengan nama baharunya yang ditukar kepada Pameran Reka Cipta, Penyelidikan dan Inovasi yang bermula penganjurannya pada tahun 2005. Sebagai kesinambungan daripada kejayaan penganjuran PRPI 2006, 2007 dan 2008 yang lalu dan status UPM sebagai salah sebuah Universiti Penyelidikan, PRPI 2009 kali ini yang merupakan pameran penyelidikan yang terbesar di UPM terus dilaksanakan dengan aspirasi dan semangat yang lebih jitu. Pameran ini juga menjadi pelantar kepada para penyelidik untuk mengenengahkan hasil penyelidikan yang dijalankan dan penemuan baharu kepada umum. Di samping itu ianya juga menjadi penanda aras terhadap kualiti sesuatu projek penyelidikan bagi melayakkan para penyelidik UPM untuk menyertai pameran di peringkat kebangsaan dan seterusnya antarabangsa. Adalah diharapkan pelaksanaan PRPI 2009 ini akan dapat menyemarakkan budaya penyelidikan di kalangan staf dan juga pelajar UPM sekaligus menjadikan UPM sebagai Universiti Penyelidikan yang cemerlang di negara ini