3,262 research outputs found
Statistics of resonances in one-dimensional disordered systems
The paper is devoted to the problem of resonances in one-dimensional
disordered systems. Some of the previous results are reviewed and a number of
new ones is presented. These results pertain to different models (continuous as
well as lattice) and various regimes of disorder and coupling strength. In
particular, a close connection between resonances and the Wigner delay time is
pointed out and used to obtain information on the resonance statistics.Comment: Submitted to the special issue, in memory of Y. Levinson, of the
Lithuanian Journal of Physic
The Family of MapReduce and Large Scale Data Processing Systems
In the last two decades, the continuous increase of computational power has
produced an overwhelming flow of data which has called for a paradigm shift in
the computing architecture and large scale data processing mechanisms.
MapReduce is a simple and powerful programming model that enables easy
development of scalable parallel applications to process vast amounts of data
on large clusters of commodity machines. It isolates the application from the
details of running a distributed program such as issues on data distribution,
scheduling and fault tolerance. However, the original implementation of the
MapReduce framework had some limitations that have been tackled by many
research efforts in several followup works after its introduction. This article
provides a comprehensive survey for a family of approaches and mechanisms of
large scale data processing mechanisms that have been implemented based on the
original idea of the MapReduce framework and are currently gaining a lot of
momentum in both research and industrial communities. We also cover a set of
introduced systems that have been implemented to provide declarative
programming interfaces on top of the MapReduce framework. In addition, we
review several large scale data processing systems that resemble some of the
ideas of the MapReduce framework for different purposes and application
scenarios. Finally, we discuss some of the future research directions for
implementing the next generation of MapReduce-like solutions.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1105.4252 by other author
Use of locator/identifier separation to improve the future internet routing system
The Internet evolved from its early days of being a small research network to become a critical infrastructure many organizations and individuals rely on. One dimension of this evolution is the continuous growth of the number of participants in the network, far beyond what the initial designers had in mind. While it does work today, it is widely believed that the current design of the global routing system cannot scale to accommodate future challenges.
In 2006 an Internet Architecture Board (IAB) workshop was held to develop a shared understanding of the Internet routing system scalability issues faced by the large backbone operators. The participants documented in RFC 4984 their belief that "routing scalability is the most important problem facing the Internet today and must be solved."
A potential solution to the routing scalability problem is ending the semantic overloading of Internet addresses, by separating node location from identity. Several proposals exist to apply this idea to current Internet addressing, among which the Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) is the only one already being shipped in production routers. Separating locators from identifiers results in another level of indirection, and introduces a new problem: how to determine location, when the identity is known.
The first part of our work analyzes existing proposals for systems that map identifiers to locators and proposes an alternative system, within the LISP ecosystem. We created a large-scale Internet topology simulator and used it to compare the performance of three mapping systems: LISP-DHT, LISP+ALT and the proposed LISP-TREE. We analyzed and contrasted their architectural properties as well.
The monitoring projects that supplied Internet routing table growth data over a large timespan inspired us to create LISPmon, a monitoring platform aimed at collecting, storing and presenting data gathered from the LISP pilot network, early in the deployment of the LISP protocol. The project web site and collected data is publicly available and will assist researchers in studying the evolution of the LISP mapping system.
We also document how the newly introduced LISP network elements fit into the current Internet, advantages and disadvantages of different deployment options, and how the proposed transition mechanism scenarios could affect the evolution of the global routing system. This work is currently available as an active Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Draft.
The second part looks at the problem of efficient one-to-many communications, assuming a routing system that implements the above mentioned locator/identifier split paradigm. We propose a network layer protocol for efficient live streaming. It is incrementally deployable, with changes required only in the same border routers that should be upgraded to support locator/identifier separation. Our proof-of-concept Linux kernel implementation shows the feasibility of the protocol, and our comparison to popular peer-to-peer live streaming systems indicates important savings in inter-domain traffic.
We believe LISP has considerable potential of getting adopted, and an important aspect of this work is how it might contribute towards a better mapping system design, by showing the weaknesses of current favorites and proposing alternatives. The presented results are an important step forward in addressing the routing scalability problem described in RFC 4984, and improving the delivery of live streaming video over the Internet
Segurança e privacidade em terminologia de rede
Security and Privacy are now at the forefront of modern concerns, and drive
a significant part of the debate on digital society. One particular aspect that
holds significant bearing in these two topics is the naming of resources in the
network, because it directly impacts how networks work, but also affects how
security mechanisms are implemented and what are the privacy implications
of metadata disclosure. This issue is further exacerbated by interoperability
mechanisms that imply this information is increasingly available regardless of
the intended scope.
This work focuses on the implications of naming with regards to security and
privacy in namespaces used in network protocols. In particular on the imple-
mentation of solutions that provide additional security through naming policies
or increase privacy. To achieve this, different techniques are used to either
embed security information in existing namespaces or to minimise privacy ex-
posure. The former allows bootstraping secure transport protocols on top of
insecure discovery protocols, while the later introduces privacy policies as part
of name assignment and resolution.
The main vehicle for implementation of these solutions are general purpose
protocols and services, however there is a strong parallel with ongoing re-
search topics that leverage name resolution systems for interoperability such
as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Information Centric Networks (ICN), where
these approaches are also applicable.Segurança e Privacidade são dois topicos que marcam a agenda na discus-
são sobre a sociedade digital. Um aspecto particularmente subtil nesta dis-
cussão é a forma como atribuÃmos nomes a recursos na rede, uma escolha
com consequências práticas no funcionamento dos diferentes protocols de
rede, na forma como se implementam diferentes mecanismos de segurança
e na privacidade das várias partes envolvidas. Este problema torna-se ainda
mais significativo quando se considera que, para promover a interoperabili-
dade entre diferentes redes, mecanismos autónomos tornam esta informação
acessÃvel em contextos que vão para lá do que era pretendido.
Esta tese foca-se nas consequências de diferentes polÃticas de atribuição de
nomes no contexto de diferentes protocols de rede, para efeitos de segurança
e privacidade. Com base no estudo deste problema, são propostas soluções
que, através de diferentes polÃticas de atribuição de nomes, permitem introdu-
zir mecanismos de segurança adicionais ou mitigar problemas de privacidade
em diferentes protocolos. Isto resulta na implementação de mecanismos de
segurança sobre protocolos de descoberta inseguros, assim como na intro-
dução de mecanismos de atribuiçao e resolução de nomes que se focam na
protecçao da privacidade.
O principal veÃculo para a implementação destas soluções é através de ser-
viços e protocolos de rede de uso geral. No entanto, a aplicabilidade destas
soluções extende-se também a outros tópicos de investigação que recorrem
a mecanismos de resolução de nomes para implementar soluções de intero-
perabilidade, nomedamente a Internet das Coisas (IoT) e redes centradas na
informação (ICN).Programa Doutoral em Informátic
A Model for Managing Information Flow on the World Wide Web
Metadata merged with duplicate record (http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/330) on 20.12.2016 by CS (TIS).This is a digitised version of a thesis that was deposited in the University Library. If you are the author please contact PEARL Admin ([email protected]) to discuss options.This thesis considers the nature of information management on the World Wide Web. The
web has evolved into a global information system that is completely unregulated, permitting
anyone to publish whatever information they wish. However, this information is almost
entirely unmanaged, which, together with the enormous number of users who access it, places
enormous strain on the web's architecture. This has led to the exposure of inherent flaws,
which reduce its effectiveness as an information system.
The thesis presents a thorough analysis of the state of this architecture, and identifies three
flaws that could render the web unusable: link rot; a shrinking namespace; and the inevitable
increase of noise in the system. A critical examination of existing solutions to these flaws is
provided, together with a discussion on why the solutions have not been deployed or adopted.
The thesis determines that they have failed to take into account the nature of the information
flow between information provider and consumer, or the open philosophy of the web. The
overall aim of the research has therefore been to design a new solution to these flaws in the
web, based on a greater understanding of the nature of the information that flows upon it.
The realization of this objective has included the development of a new model for managing
information flow on the web, which is used to develop a solution to the flaws. The solution
comprises three new additions to the web's architecture: a temporal referencing scheme; an
Oracle Server Network for more effective web browsing; and a Resource Locator Service,
which provides automatic transparent resource migration. The thesis describes their design
and operation, and presents the concept of the Request Router, which provides a new way of
integrating such distributed systems into the web's existing architecture without breaking it.
The design of the Resource Locator Service, including the development of new protocols for
resource migration, is covered in great detail, and a prototype system that has been developed
to prove the effectiveness of the design is presented. The design is further validated by
comprehensive performance measurements of the prototype, which show that it will scale to
manage a web whose size is orders of magnitude greater than it is today
Dynamical versus diffraction spectrum for structures with finite local complexity
It is well-known that the dynamical spectrum of an ergodic measure dynamical
system is related to the diffraction measure of a typical element of the
system. This situation includes ergodic subshifts from symbolic dynamics as
well as ergodic Delone dynamical systems, both via suitable embeddings. The
connection is rather well understood when the spectrum is pure point, where the
two spectral notions are essentially equivalent. In general, however, the
dynamical spectrum is richer. Here, we consider (uniquely) ergodic systems of
finite local complexity and establish the equivalence of the dynamical spectrum
with a collection of diffraction spectra of the system and certain factors.
This equivalence gives access to the dynamical spectrum via these diffraction
spectra. It is particularly useful as the diffraction spectra are often simpler
to determine and, in many cases, only very few of them need to be calculated.Comment: 27 pages; some minor revisions and improvement
Virtual Mobility Domains - A Mobility Architecture for the Future Internet
The advances in hardware and wireless technologies have made mobile communication devices affordable by a vast user community. With the advent of rich multimedia and social networking content, an influx of myriads of applications, and Internet supported services, there is an increasing user demand for the Internet connectivity anywhere and anytime. Mobility management is thus a crucial requirement for the Internet today.
This work targets novel mobility management techniques, designed to work with the Floating Cloud Tiered (FCT) internetworking model, proposed for a future Internet. We derive the FCT internetworking model from the tiered structure existing among Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks, to define their business and peering relationships. In our novel mobility management scheme, we define Virtual Mobility Domains (VMDs) of various scopes, that can support both intra and inter-domain roaming using a single address for a mobile node. The scheme is network based and hence imposes no operational load on the mobile node. This scheme is the first of its kind, by leveraging the tiered structure and its hierarchical properties, the collaborative network-based mobility management mechanism, and the inheritance information in the tiered addresses to route packets.
The contributions of this PhD thesis can be summarized as follows:
· We contribute to the literature with a comprehensive analysis of the future Internet architectures and mobility protocols over the period of 2002-2012, in light of their identity and handoff management schemes. We present a qualitative evaluation of current and future schemes on a unified platform.
· We design and implement a novel user-centric future Internet mobility architecture called Virtual Mobility Domain. VMD proposes a seamless, network-based, unique collaborative mobility management within/across ASes and ISPs in the FCT Internetworking model. The analytical and simulation-based handoff performance analysis of the VMD architecture in comparison with the IPv6-based mobility protocols presents the considerable performance improvements achieved by the VMD architecture.
· We present a novel and user-centric handoff cost framework to analyze handoff performance of different mobility schemes. The framework helps to examine the impacts of registration costs, signaling overhead, and data loss for Internet connected mobile users employing a unified cost metric. We analyze the effect of each parameter in the handoff cost framework on the handoff cost components. We also compare the handoff performance of IPv6-based mobility protocols to the VMD.
· We present a handoff cost optimization problem and analysis of its characteristics. We consider a mobility user as the primary focus of our study. We then identify the suitable mathematical methods that can be leveraged to solve the problem. We model the handoff cost problem in an optimization tool. We also conduct a mobility study - best of our knowledge, first of its kind - on providing a guide for finding the number of handoffs in a typical VMD for any given user\u27s mobility model. Plugging the output of mobility study, we then conduct a numerical analysis to find out optimum VMD for a given user mobility model and check if the theoretical inferences are in agreement with the output of the optimization tool
Preliminary Gibbon Status Review for Lao PDR 2008
Provides a site directory for gibbon habitats and populations in Laos. Examines patterns of threats and conservation and documents the national conservation status and outlook for each species. Makes recommendations for urgent interventions
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