Economic baselines for current underground coal mining technology

The cost of mining coal using a room pillar mining method with continuous miner and a longwall mining system was calculated. Costs were calculated for the years 1975 and 2000 time periods and are to be used as economic standards against which advanced mining concepts and systems will be compared. Some assumptions were changed and some internal model stored data was altered from the original calculations procedure chosen, to obtain a result that more closely represented what was considered to be a standard mine. Coal seam thicknesses were varied from one and one-half feet to eight feet to obtain the cost of mining coal over a wide range. Geologic conditions were selected that had a minimum impact on the mining productivity

Development and mining of high gas low permeability coal seams in the Karaganda coal field-Kazakhstan

The seams being mined in the Karaganda coalfield in Kazakhstan are very gassy and have low permeability, so called tight coals. In addition, the coalfield is dry, which means that traditional predrainage, through a two phase gas liberation process, by first dewatering, is not possible. Outbursts in development particularly in the D6 seam are still a major concern and technologies to allow better prediction of geological anomalies are being tried. Managing gas levels during the longwall extraction calls for special applications to be adopted. These have resulted in improved volumetric underground gas capture and purity, which allows the resultant drained gas to be utilised for local power generation. The methods developed and those foreseen in the future to achieve more effective predrainage and more effective operational gas management are described

Overall requirements for an advanced underground coal extraction system

Underground mining systems suitable for coal seams expoitable in the year 2000 are examined with particular relevance to the resources of Central Appalachia. Requirements for such systems may be summarized as follows: (1) production cost; (2)miner safety; (3) miner health; (4) environmental impact; and (5) coal conservation. No significant trade offs between production cost and other performance indices were found

Англійська мова для навчання і работи. Навчальний посібник з англійської мови за професійним спрямуванням для студентів і фахівців галузі знань 0503 Розробка корисних копалин Т 1

A coursebook includes all the activities of students’ work at ESP course aimed at development of language behaviour necessary for effective communication of students in their study and specialism areas. The tasks and activities given in the coursebook are typicalfor students’ academic and professional domains and situations. The content is organized in modules that covers generic job-related language skills of engineers. The authentic texts taken from real life contain interesting up-to-date information about mining, peculiarities of study abroad, customs and traditions of English-speaking countries. Pack of self-study resources given in Part II contains Glossary of mining terms, tasks and activities aimed at developing a range of vocabulary necessary for mining, different functions and functional exponents to be used in academic and professional environment as well as tasks developing self-awareness, self-assessment and self-organisation skills. Testing points for different grammar structuresare given in Part III. Indices at the end of each part easify the use of the coursebook. The coursebook contains illustrations, various samples of visualizing technical information. The coursebook is designed for ESP students of non-linguistic universities. It can be used as teaching/learning materials for ESP Courses for Mining Engineers as well as for self-study of subject and specialist teachers, practicing mining engineers and researchers in Engineering.У посібнику представлені всі види діяльності студентів з вивчення англійської мови, спрямовані на розвиток мовної поведінки, необхідної для ефективного спілкування в академічному та професійному середовищах. Навчальний посібник містить завдання і вправи, типові для різноманітних академічних та професійних сфер і ситуацій. Структура організації змісту– модульна і охоплює загальні мовленнєві вміння інженерів. Зразки текстів– автентичні, взяті з реального життя, містять цікаву та актуальну інформацію про видобувничу промисловість, особливості навчання за кордоном, традиції та звичаї країн, мова яких вивчається. Ресурси для самостійної роботи(Том ІІ) містять глосарій термінів, завдання та вправи для розвитку словарного запасу та розширення діапазону функціональних зразків, необхідних для виконання певних функцій, та завдання, які спрямовані на розвиток навичок самооцінювання і організації свого навчання. Граматичні явища і вправи для їх засвоєння наводяться в томі ІІІ. Наприкінці кожної частини наведено алфавітно-предметні покажчики. Багато ілюстрацій та різних візуальних засобів подання інформації. Навчальний посібник призначений для студентів технічних університетів гірничого профілю. Може використовуватися для самостійного вивчення англійської мови викладачами, фахівцями і науковцями різних інженерних галузей

Report of activities of the advanced coal extraction systems definition project, 1979 - 1980

During this period effort was devoted to: formulation of system performance goals in the areas of production cost, miner safety, miner health, environmental impact, and coal conservation, survey and in depth assessment of promising technology, and characterization of potential resource targets. Primary system performance goals are to achieve a return on incremental investment of 150% of the value required for a low risk capital improvement project and to reduce deaths and disability injuries per million man-hour by 50%. Although these performance goals were developed to be immediately applicable to the Central Appalachian coal resources, they were also designed to be readily adaptable to other coals by appending a geological description of the new resource. The work done on technology assessment was concerned with the performance of the slurry haulage system

TERENSKA ISTRAŽIVANJA DEFORMACIJA MEKIH STIJENA OKNA S PODGRADOM KROVINE SIDRENJEM KOD ISKOPAVANJA TANKIH SLOJEVA UGLJENA SVRDLIMA

Coal auger mining is a promising technology used for excavating thin coal seams. The efficiency of auger mining is largely related to the stability of mine roadways in the influence zone of the coal-face. Roof bolting systems are promising in such conditions. An adequate choice of roof bolting parameters is only possible if one understands the features of the stratification of the rocks and stages of deformation of the array in auger mining. Modern monitoring methods of the condition of rocks are based on the use of mechanical benchmarks, sounding of the mine array and the use of optical devices. There are few studies concerning roadways with auger mining. The innovations presented in this manuscript are a determination of the research results of the in-situ processes of rock deformation around a roadway in auger mining which will help to better understand the features of deformation processes in the technological method and design an adequate support system. Some field studies were undertaken in order to investigate the geo-mechanical processes that can be observed while auger mining a roadway with fully grouted bolts of 2.4 m in length. The research included monitoring rock stratification with the help of mechanical telltales, the convergence in the roadway using contour benchmarks, measurements of altitude and rock falls, and visual observations. The presented results show that roof-bolting can be used to support the roadways for auger mining.Rudarenje ugljena svrdlima (augerima), tj. strojevima za iskopavanje ugljena bušenjem, tehnologija je primjerena za vađenje tankih ugljenih slojeva, a učinkovitost uvelike ovisi o stabilnosti rudničkih okana na ugljenome čelu, što se rješava podgradama. Prikladan odabir varijabli podgrade moguć je samo kada se razumiju svojstva slojeva u toj krovini te njihova podložnost deformacijama kod bušenja svrdlima. Suvremene metode praćenja svojstava stijena temelje se na mehaničkim provjerama, sondiranju i optičkome ispitivanju. Postoji nekoliko studija takvih uvjeta, a ovdje su dane inovacije kod opažanja deformacija in situ, tj. u oknima u kojima se buši. Tako se bolje opisao proces deformiranja te tehnologija izgradnje adekvatnih podgrada. Odabrano je nekoliko terenskih studija kojima su izučena geomehanička svojstva stijena tijekom bušenja uz uporabu injektiranja u dužini od 2,4 m. Praćenjem uslojenosti i pojava mehaničkih nedostataka u oknima kartiranjem, mjerenjem visine i vizualnim opažanjem uočavani su nedostatci. Rezultati su pokazali kako je podgrađivanje sidrenjem poželjno

Longwall mining

As part of EIA`s program to provide information on coal, this report, Longwall-Mining, describes longwall mining and compares it with other underground mining methods. Using data from EIA and private sector surveys, the report describes major changes in the geologic, technological, and operating characteristics of longwall mining over the past decade. Most important, the report shows how these changes led to dramatic improvements in longwall mining productivity. For readers interested in the history of longwall mining and greater detail on recent developments affecting longwall mining, the report includes a bibliography

Longwall shearer cutting force estimation

Longwall mining is an underground coal mining method that is widely used. A shearer traverses the coal panel to cut coal that falls to a conveyor. Operation of the longwall can benefit from knowledge of the cutting forces at the coal/shearer interface, particularly in detecting pick failures and to determine when the shearer may be cutting outside of the coal seam. It is not possible to reliably measure the cutting forces directly. This paper develops a method to estimate the cutting forces from indirect measurements that are practical to make. The structure of the estimator is an extended Kalman filter with augmented states whose associated dynamics encode the character of the cutting forces. The methodology is demonstrated using a simulation of a longwall shearer and the results suggest this is a viable approach for estimating the cutting forces. The contributions of the paper are a formulation of the problem that includes: the development of a dynamic model of the longwall shearer that is suitable for forcing input estimation, the identification of practicable measurements that could be made for implementation and, by numerical simulation, verification of the efficacy of the approach. Inter alia, the paper illustrates the importance of considering the internal model principle of control theory when designing an augmented-state Kalman filter for input estimation

Coordinated Speed Control Strategy for Minimizing Energy Consumption of a Shearer in Fully Mechanized Mining

As one of the major pieces of equipment in fully mechanized coal mining, the drum shearer plays a critical role in improving the efficiency and energy utilization in the coal mining production process. In this paper, an energy consumption model of a shearer, derived from the analysis of the cutting and traction resistances on the shearer during different processes within a working cycle, is established. Based on the derived model, control and coordination strategies between the two speeds are proposed to minimize the shearer’s energy consumption in unidirectional mining. The case study of a real coal mine shows that the proposed models are valid, and the optimal control of shearer speeds can effectively reduce the energy consumption by 5.16% in a working cycle. To gain further insights into the impact of traction speed and drum rotational speed on the shearer’s energy consumption, several speed coordination cases are employed to further compare with the optimized one. Our study results show that the energy consumption of a shearer can be decreased with the increase of traction speed while decreasing drum rotational speed in coordination

English for Study and Work: Coursebook in 4 books. Book 2 Obtaining and Processing Information for Specific Purposes

Подано всі види діяльності студентів з вивчення англійської мови, спрямовані на розвиток мовної поведінки, необхідної для ефективного спілкування в академічному та професійному середовищах. Містить завдання і вправи, типові для різноманітних академічних та професійних сфер і ситуацій. Структура організації змісту – модульна, охоплює мовні знання і мовленнєві вміння залежно від мовної поведінки. Даний модуль має на меті розвиток у студентів стратегій, умінь, навичок читання, пошуку та вилучення професійно-орієнтованої інформації, необхідної для ефективної професійної діяльності і навчання. Містить завдання і вправи, типові для академічних та професійних сфер, пов’язаних з гірництвом і розробкою родовищ корисних копалин. Зразки текстів – автентичні, різножанрові, взяті з реального життя, містять цікаву й актуальну інформацію про особливості видобутку мінеральних ресурсів в провідних країнах світу, сучасний підхід до розробки родовищ тощо. Ресурси для самостійної роботи (Частина ІІ) містять завдання та вправи для розширення словникового запасу та розвитку знань найуживанішої термінології з гірництва, що спрямовано на організацію самостійної роботи з розвитку мовленнєвих умінь, знань про корисні копалини, методи їх видобутку. За допомогою засобів діагностики студенти можуть самостійно перевірити засвоєння навчального матеріалу й оцінити свої досягнення. Призначений для студентів вищих навчальних закладів, зокрема технічних університетів. Може використовуватися для самостійного вивчення англійської мови викладачами, фахівцями і науковцями різних галузей